Ignacio Apella – författare
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5 produkter
5 produkter
Beyond Contributory Pensions
Fourteen Experiences with Coverage Expansion in Latin America
Häftad, Engelska, 2014
437 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Latin America's population is aging, and many among the growing elderly population are not protected by traditional pension schemes. In response, policy makers have been reevaluating their income protection systems so that between 2000 and 2013, the majority of Latin American countries reformed their social pension schemes to provide near-universal coverage for the elderly.Before this unprecedented wave of reform, most income protection in Latin America was provided through contributory pensions available only to formal sector workers. Considering that informal and unpaid employment characterize labor force participation throughout the region, many elderly were left vulnerable to poverty. The new noncontributory pension programs have alleviated this risk. But countries are still evaluating how to best balance the need for inclusivity with the need for fiscal sustainability.Beyond Contributory Pensions: Fourteen Experiences with Coverage Expansion in Latin America examines recent reforms in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay. All countries share the goal of comprehensive pension coverage, but each has unique political environments, social conditions, and economic capacities. Design and implementation of coverage expansion, consequently, has diverged. Comparing results across the region reveals which policies have yielded the most equitable and sustainable outcomes.Each chapter includes a comprehensive analysis of a country's reform experience: a description of significant political and economic developments, the challenges of implementing income protection policies, and prospects for the reforms' durability over time. 'Beyond Contributory Pensions' represents a significant addition to the literature on income protection for the elderly.
As Time Goes by in Argentina
Economic Opportunities and Challenges of the Demographic Transition
Häftad, Engelska, 2015
395 kr
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The demographic transition underway in Argentina will likely affect the fiscal space and spending dilemmas for social protection, healthcare, and education, also in the context of medium and long-term perspectives of economic growth.
451 kr
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This book studies the impact that the demographic transition will have on the Uruguayan economy, particularly on the level of expenditure in social protection, healthcare, and education systems. Using a medium and long term framework, it discusses the fiscal and economic challenges, both in social sectors and at macroeconomic level.
Labor Markets and Skills in a New Era
Managing the Impacts of Population Aging and Technological Change in Uruguay
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
378 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book discusses the impacts of population aging and technological change on Uruguay's labor markets and economic growth potential, focusing on the need to increase the level and quality of investment in human and physical capital in order to improve welfare and reduce inequality.
When We're Sixty-Four
Opportunities and Challenges for Public Policies in a Population-Aging Context in Latin America
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
437 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Latin American countries are going through a demographic transition and, consequently, a population aging process. This implies a relative decline in the number of children and an increase in older adults in the next few decades, until the population structure begins to stabilize. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality, which implies an increase in life expectancy and fertility. These two trends clearly reflect long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. As such, they should be widely welcomed. However, this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions--including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations--are designed for a different demographic context, and they need to be adapted in order to be effective in the new scenario. Population aging implies two different challenges for public policies. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other hand, this process produces shifts in the proportion of the population at working ages, which may affect long-term economic growth.Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower saving rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates, opening a period during which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term, because the higher savings may result in increases in the capital endowment per worker and productivity. For this to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, thereby accelerating per capita GDP growth in a sustainable way.