Jochen Hellbeck – författare

In the Nazi imagination, the USSR was the most powerful Jewish organization in the world. They called it ‘World Enemy No. 1’.The shocking number of Soviet citizens who lost their lives between 1941 and 1945 – 26 million, more than any other country – is widely known. But the faces and the voices of these victims of Nazism are conspicuously absent. In a pathbreaking new work of history, Jochen Hellbeck restores the USSR to its proper place in the history of the Second World War, arguing that to truly understand the conflict, we must set its axis firmly in Soviet territory.It was not the Western powers but Communist Russia that Nazi Germany viewed as the greatest threat to its existence. The German crusade against ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ was the driving force of the Nazis’ most extreme violence, and Soviet territory became ground zero for systematic extermination. Only later was this shocking regime of killing extended to all Jews, igniting the Holocaust.Using newly declassified archives, testimonies, diaries and dispatches from soldiers and civilians both Soviet and German, Hellbeck reveals the sheer, untold breadth of terror the Nazis inflicted. This eye-opening masterwork is an astonishing new reading both of the Second World War and of how its history has been told.

A finalist for the 75th National Jewish Book Award in nonfictionA major new history that transforms our understanding of World War II—tracing the conflict and its most infamous crime, the Holocaust, to Germany’s implacable hostility toward Soviet RussiaIn the West, World War II is commonly understood as the Allies’ struggle against Nazism. Often elided, if not simply forgotten, is the Soviet Union’s crucial role in that fight. With this book, acclaimed historian Jochen Hellbeck rectifies this omission by relocating the ideological core of the conflict. It was not the Western powers but Communist Russia that Nazi Germany viewed as an existential threat—in fact, “World Enemy No. 1.” Jewish revolutionaries, the Nazis believed, had seized power in 1917 and were preparing the Soviet state to destroy Germany and the world. And so, on June 22, 1941, a German army of three million attacked the Soviet Union to exterminate “Judeo-Bolshevism,” Hitler’s cardinal obsession. While Europe’s Jews were expelled, exiled, and persecuted by the Nazis, Soviet Jews were immediately slated for elimination. The Soviet lands thus became ground zero for systematic extermination, which was only later extended to all Jews, igniting the Holocaust.Hellbeck plumbs newly declassified archives and previously undiscovered sources—testimonies, diaries, and dispatches from soldiers and civilians, Soviet and German—to offer a unique history that takes account of both sides. He reconstructs the years leading up to the war when “Europe against Bolshevism” was the Nazis’ most fervid rallying cry, and documents their annihilatory ambitions on the battlegrounds in the East. Widely disseminated accounts of German atrocities mobilized millions of Soviet citizens to join a people’s war against the hated invaders. Hellbeck tracks the desire for revenge that drove the Red Army on its path of reconquest, an advance that further inflamed the belief in a murderous “Bolshevik Jew,” stirring the Germans to fight to the bitter end. Recounted here in vivid detail are the events at Babi Yar, the Battle of Stalingrad, the liberation of the concentration camps, and the arrival of the Red Army in the Nazi capital. Finally, Hellbeck reckons with the West’s persistent disregard of the Soviet Union’s incalculable contribution to winning the war—and its sacrifice of twenty-six million citizens—as anti-communism and the Cold War turned erstwhile allies into mortal enemies.Hellbeck’s eye-opening work is an astonishing new reading of both the Second World War and how its history has been told.

Revolution on My Mind is a stunning revelation of the inner world of Stalin’s Russia. We see into the minds and hearts of Soviet citizens who recorded their lives during an extraordinary period of revolutionary fervor and state terror. Writing a diary, like other creative expression, seems nearly impossible amid the fear and distrust of totalitarian rule; but as Jochen Hellbeck shows, diary-keeping was widespread, as individuals struggled to adjust to Stalin’s regime.Rather than protect themselves against totalitarianism, many men and women bent their will to its demands, by striving to merge their individual identities with the collective and by battling vestiges of the old self within. We see how Stalin’s subjects, from artists to intellectuals and from students to housewives, absorbed directives while endeavoring to fulfill the mandate of the Soviet revolution—re-creation of the self as a builder of the socialist society. Thanks to a newly discovered trove of diaries, we are brought face to face with individual life stories—gripping and unforgettably poignant.The diarists’ efforts defy our liberal imaginations and our ideals of autonomy and private fulfillment. These Soviet citizens dreamed differently. They coveted a morally and aesthetically superior form of life, and were eager to inscribe themselves into the unfolding revolution. Revolution on My Mind is a brilliant exploration of the forging of the revolutionary self, a study without precedent that speaks to the evolution of the individual in mass movements of our own time.

'[An] arresting and deeply researched new book' The New Yorker'Essential reading . . . Hellbeck masterfully explains what made World War II on the Eastern front so destructive and why this matters today. A tour de force' Paul Hanebrink, author of A Specter Haunting EuropeIn the Nazi imagination, the USSR was the most powerful Jewish organization in the world. They called it ‘World Enemy No. 1’.The shocking number of Soviet citizens who lost their lives between 1941 and 1945 – 26 million, more than any other country – is widely known. But the faces and the voices of these victims of Nazism are conspicuously absent. In a pathbreaking new work of history, Jochen Hellbeck restores the USSR to its proper place in the history of the Second World War, arguing that to truly understand the conflict, we must set its axis firmly in Soviet territory.It was not the Western powers but Communist Russia that Nazi Germany viewed as the greatest threat to its existence. The German crusade against ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ was the driving force of the Nazis’ most extreme violence, and Soviet territory became ground zero for systematic extermination. Only later was this shocking regime of killing extended to all Jews, igniting the Holocaust.Using newly declassified archives, testimonies, diaries and dispatches from soldiers and civilians both Soviet and German, Hellbeck reveals the sheer, untold breadth of terror the Nazis inflicted. This eye-opening masterwork is an astonishing new reading both of the Second World War and of how its history has been told.

In the Nazi imagination, the USSR was the most powerful Jewish organization in the world. They called it ‘World Enemy No. 1’.‘A magnificent memorial’ Yuri Slezkine, author of The Jewish Century‘A tour de force’ Paul Hanebrink, author of A Specter Haunting Europe‘Passionate, original, vivid, sometimes terrifying’ Victoria de Grazia‘Remarkable . . . fascinating’ The Wall Street Journal‘An essential contribution’ Kirkus (starred review) 26 million Soviet citizens died between 1941 and 1945. This number may be well-known, but the human faces and voices behind the statistics have been conspicuously absent.In this groundbreaking history, Jochen Hellbeck argues that it was Communist Russia, not the Western powers, that the Nazis viewed as their greatest threat. The German crusade against ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ was the driving force of the Nazis’ most extreme violence, and Soviet territory became ground zero for systematic extermination. Only later was this shocking regime of killing extended to all Jews, igniting the Holocaust.Drawing on newly declassified archives, diaries and raw testimonies from both Soviet and German soldiers and civilians, this eye-opening work completely redefines our understanding of the Second World War and of how its history has been told.

Aufsehenerregend und authentisch: die Schlacht von Stalingrad aus sowjetischer Perspektive. Im Dezember 1942 reiste eine Gruppe von Moskauer Historikern nach Stalingrad. Sie wollten die seit Monaten währende Schlacht, die von der Weltöffentlichkeit mit angehaltenem Atem verfolgt wurde, für die Nachwelt festhalten, aus der Sicht der Menschen, die dort kämpften. Sie sprachen mit Kommandeuren und einfachen Soldatinnen und Soldaten, mit Kommissaren, Scharfschützen und Sanitäterinnen. Auch Bewohner der Stadt berichteten schon während der Kämpfe von ihren Erlebnissen – offen und hautnah. Diese einzigartigen Gesprächsprotokolle haben den Blick auf die Schlacht, die den Wendepunkt im Zweiten Weltkrieg markierte, fundamental verändert. Sie enthüllen das Selbstverständnis und die Motivation der Rotarmisten und ihre Wahrnehmung der deutschen Gegner. Nach dem Krieg gerieten die Stalingrader Protokolle unter Verschluss und verschwanden im Archiv. Siebzig Jahre nach der Schlacht wurden sie von Jochen Hellbeck in der ersten Ausgabe dieses Buches präsentiert – zum 80. Jahrestag des Endes des Zweiten Weltkriegs erscheint es erneut.

Der deutsch-amerikanische Historiker Jochen Hellbeck nimmt eine Neubewertung des Zweiten Weltkriegs vor und verändert unseren Blick auf die Entstehung des Holocaust.Er zeigt, dass der deutsche Vernichtungskrieg in der Sowjetunion aus der Verknüpfung eines unerbittlichen Antisemitismus mit einem obsessiven Antibolschewismus entsprang. Eine intensive Propaganda schuf Feindbilder, nach denen die Juden hinter der kommunistischen Revolution standen. Gleichzeitig wurden sowjetische Menschen mit antisemitischen Merkmalen dargestellt.Als das Unternehmen Barbarossa, der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion, am 22. Juni 1941 begann, befahlen deutsche Kommandeure (u.a. im »Kommissarbefehl«), alle Juden und Kommunisten auf sowjetischem Boden zu ermorden. Das Massaker von Babyn Jar steht für die massenhafte Ermordung der jüdischen Bevölkerungen in den besetzten Gebieten im Osten, die kurz darauf zur Blaupause für die Ermordung der Juden im restlichen besetzten Europa wurde.Die Sowjetunion (insbesondere Russland, die Ukraine, das Baltikum und Weißrussland) war das Zentrum von Deutschlands Vernichtungspolitik und zahlte den höchsten Blutzoll im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Auf Basis von weitgehend unbekannten Zeugnissen schildert Jochen Hellbeck, wie die Menschen dort, Juden wie Nichtjuden, die deutsche Besatzung erlebten. Wir erfahren, wie sie die Deutschen sahen, lesen von Trauer und Unverständnis, Hass und Rachehandlungen, aber auch vom Willen, anders zu sein als die »faschistischen« Deutschen.Eindrücklich beschreibt Jochen Hellbeck schließlich auch die sowjetische Gegenoffensive, die die gesamte Gesellschaft einbezog und ein entscheidender Faktor für den Sieg über Deutschland am 8. Mai 1945 war.Mit ca. 50 Schwarzweißabbildungen