Karl Bernhardt – författare

During his thirty years with the Institute of Child Study of the University of Toronto the late Dr. Karl S. Bernhardt wrote hundreds of articles and gave hundreds of talks to parents on the best way to bring up children. His philosophy is based on a belief in the worth of the individual. He believed that the goal of child-rearing should be to develop a feeling of security in the individual, and the best way to develop this sense of security is with firm and consistent discipline.This volume brings together some of Dr. Bernhardt’s articles. It examines all aspects of child-rearing: the importance of the home and the family, and the influence on the child’s development exerted by both the home and the school. He describes the stages of child development, discipline problems, character education, the use of leisure time and the development of mental health.Written in a style which is simple and direct, this book is a guide for family living with a timely message for today’s parents.

This is the story of the Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, from its beginning in 1926 to the present. To honour the Director, W.E. Blatz, it has been written by members of the staff and its publication financed by parents of children who have attended the Nursery School and by students, graduates, and friends of the Institute.The book is centred around the research programme which the Institute has conducted during the quarter century. It contains abstracts of all its scientific papers and publications and reviews these to indicate the significant trends. The stories of the Institute's foundation, of its programmes of parent education and nursery school procedures, form a setting from which the research has emerged and to which its discoveries have contributed. Thus research is described as no abstract pursuit but as an activity arising out of social need and reflecting its achievements to the social good. The book will of course be of interest to everyone to who knows the Institute or its Director. It will be of value, we believe, also to all teachers and students in child study centres; they will find it a handbook of research papers in this field. To those in the social sciences it will serve as an illustration of the growth and organization of an Institution peculiar to the twentieth century and specific in its formulated purposes.Although the book has been created to pay tribute to the Director and to mark the event of the Institute's twenty-fifth year, it is in no way an eulogy extolling past achievements. Rather, as the Preface states, "we have attempted to be as honest, in this volume, as we have insisted we should be in our scientific researches. We have tried, indeed to tell the truth. 'Truth is such a rare thing, it is delightful to tell it.' We have expected the authors of each chapter to give an accurate picture of the topic as they evaluate it; we believe it is through the unique slants of the individual writers we attain a true vision of the whole. Nothing is here but that which we believe; the significance of the project has been 'in the fulfilling rather than the fulfillment.'"The activities of the past provide us with hope for the future. This attempt to solidify our previous efforts has led us to re-affirm our belief that to increase human understanding is the most satisfying of all possible enterprises."

Polysemous lexical items have multiple senses associated with a single form, and these senses are interrelated. Polysemy is a universal and omnipresent phenomenon, providing a robust tool to convey creatively our ideas and thoughts. As a result, polysemy presents challenges for second language (L2) learners.Existing studies on the issue of polysemy in language acquisition often rely on researchers’ subjective understandings of the network of meanings around a lexical item or focus on English examples. Yet Chinese lexis exhibits greater polysemy than English and deserves its own examination. This book takes one Chinese polysemous item as an example to explore how native (L1) speakers and L2 learners perceive its multiple senses as well as how these senses are acquired by L2 learners. This book also investigates the predictive strengths of various factors that contribute to the acquisition pattern. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted to achieve these objectives, including methods from cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, and corpus linguistics.

This book shares a narrative inquiry study that explores the voices of Chinese students and unveils how they understand their study of English for Academic Purposes (EAP), as part of their higher education (HE) journey in the UK. The book foregrounds the neo-liberalisation of the university and considers visiting Chinese students in this commodified education space. While challenging common misperceptions of Chinese students that result in the negative labelling and homogenisation of this international student cohort, it links the discussion to aspects of Orientalism applied to East Asian students, reportedly still evident in Western universities today.For contextualisation purposes and the encouragement of a meaningful understanding of contemporary Chinese students, the book includes an exploration of Chinese Education Reforms. The core argument sees a need for an increasing understanding of contemporary Chinese students in the UK HE academic community in relation to social, historical and cultural considerations, in order to enhance their Western education experience.

«Dariush Borbor has created an impressive lexicographical reference work with zeal and passion for over three decades, having collected the largest possible assemblage of alternatives for every single reduplicate. Linguists from many scientific fields must be grateful to him for his pioneering work.»(Adriano V. Rossi, Professor Emeritus of Iranian Philology, DAAM, University of Naples L’Orientale and ISMEO, Rome)«The author has created a truly remarkable work on a very strange and little studied area of linguistics. The book contains a wealth of fascinating information and I can only congratulate him on the care and assiduity which he has devoted to it.»(Nicholas Sims-Williams, Professor Emeritus of Iranian and Central Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London)«I had an occasion to look again at your Dictionary of Reduplication. I realized once again how much useful work you have put into compiling it. Your bibliography is comprehensive and very useful. I should like to congratulate you on your assiduous effort to investigate so comprehensively a complex morphological aspect of the Middle Eastern Languages.»(† Ehsan Yarshater, Professor Emeritus, Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University)The present dictionary is an analytical, comparative and etymological presentation of reduplication over a wide spectrum of languages. The range of featured languages – Arabic, Armenian, Kurdish, Persian and Turkish – include three separate families connected only by geographical proximity, each with an extremely rich literary tradition. The dictionary covers multiple independent phenomena in several unrelated languages, the underlying idea being that their reduplications are all somehow connected, and that there exists a general «field» of reduplication. The book is not limited to a single field, but rather for several largely separate ones, such as linguistic relations, the theory of reduplication and etymology. Several other related or unrelated languages such as Icelandic, Japanese, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Hittite, etc. have been included for comparative purposes.The preliminary findings of this study indicate that reduplication in the languages under study, and in nearly all other languages, deal mostly with the fundamental, primary human requirements. Another strong proof of the «universality» of reduplicates are that they closely follow the same and similar formation, development and rule in most related and unrelated languages. In consequence of the universality of reduplication and its near identical development in all related or unrelated languages, it even legitimizes the creation of a grammar of reduplication in the future. A few of the essential features of this book include: a complete revision and updating of the semantics; a particular attention to the cognitive aspects; and, many etymologies that cannot be found elsewhere.

This book serves as an insightful ethnographic introduction to the language and oral traditions of the Inugguit, a sub-group of the Inuit who live in north-west Greenland. A unique work, it encompasses an overview of the grammar of Polar Eskimo – a language spoken by about 770 people – as well as a description of their oral traditions (drum-dancing and story-telling) and the most extensive glossary of the language compiled to date. The book presents the Polar Eskimo language in the orthography established by the author in conjunction with the local community in Greenland, an extremely difficult task for a language made up of such an aberrant phonology and with no written tradition. By exploring their ways of speaking and ways of belonging, Leonard provides an original ethnographic interpretation of the nature of Inugguit social organization and their world-view. Some Ethnolinguistic Notes on Polar Eskimo will serve as an invaluable resource for linguists who specialise in the Eskimo-Aleut group and will be of much interest to anthropologists working in the Arctic region.