Karl Bernhardt – författare

This is the story of the Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, from its beginning in 1926 to the present. To honour the Director, W.E. Blatz, it has been written by members of the staff and its publication financed by parents of children who have attended the Nursery School and by students, graduates, and friends of the Institute.

The book is centred around the research programme which the Institute has conducted during the quarter century. It contains abstracts of all its scientific papers and publications and reviews these to indicate the significant trends. The stories of the Institute''s foundation, of its programmes of parent education and nursery school procedures, form a setting from which the research has emerged and to which its discoveries have contributed. Thus research is described as no abstract pursuit but as an activity arising out of social need and reflecting its achievements to the social good.

The book will of course be of interest to everyone to who knows the Institute or its Director. It will be of value, we believe, also to all teachers and students in child study centres; they will find it a handbook of research papers in this field. To those in the social sciences it will serve as an illustration of the growth and organization of an Institution peculiar to the twentieth century and specific in its formulated purposes.

Although the book has been created to pay tribute to the Director and to mark the event of the Institute''s twenty-fifth year, it is in no way an eulogy extolling past achievements. Rather, as the Preface states, "we have attempted to be as honest, in this volume, as we have insisted we should be in our scientific researches. We have tried, indeed to tell the truth. ''Truth is such a rare thing, it is delightful to tell it.'' We have expected the authors of each chapter to give an accurate picture of the topic as they evaluate it; we believe it is through the unique slants of the individual writers we attain a true vision of the whole. Nothing is here but that which we believe; the significance of the project has been ''in the fulfilling rather than the fulfillment.''

"The activities of the past provide us with hope for the future. This attempt to solidify our previous efforts has led us to re-affirm our belief that to increase human understanding is the most satisfying of all possible enterprises."

This is the story of the Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, from its beginning in 1926 to the present. To honour the Director, W.E. Blatz, it has been written by members of the staff and its publication financed by parents of children who have attended the Nursery School and by students, graduates, and friends of the Institute.

The book is centred around the research programme which the Institute has conducted during the quarter century. It contains abstracts of all its scientific papers and publications and reviews these to indicate the significant trends. The stories of the Institute''s foundation, of its programmes of parent education and nursery school procedures, form a setting from which the research has emerged and to which its discoveries have contributed. Thus research is described as no abstract pursuit but as an activity arising out of social need and reflecting its achievements to the social good.

The book will of course be of interest to everyone to who knows the Institute or its Director. It will be of value, we believe, also to all teachers and students in child study centres; they will find it a handbook of research papers in this field. To those in the social sciences it will serve as an illustration of the growth and organization of an Institution peculiar to the twentieth century and specific in its formulated purposes.

Although the book has been created to pay tribute to the Director and to mark the event of the Institute''s twenty-fifth year, it is in no way an eulogy extolling past achievements. Rather, as the Preface states, "we have attempted to be as honest, in this volume, as we have insisted we should be in our scientific researches. We have tried, indeed to tell the truth. ''Truth is such a rare thing, it is delightful to tell it.'' We have expected the authors of each chapter to give an accurate picture of the topic as they evaluate it; we believe it is through the unique slants of the individual writers we attain a true vision of the whole. Nothing is here but that which we believe; the significance of the project has been ''in the fulfilling rather than the fulfillment.''

"The activities of the past provide us with hope for the future. This attempt to solidify our previous efforts has led us to re-affirm our belief that to increase human understanding is the most satisfying of all possible enterprises."

Ce volume analyse le rapport étroit qui existe entre la structuration des connaissances et l’évolution terminologique et langagière dans la presse scientifique française, en tant que genre textuel, au cours des quarante premières années du XVIIIe siècle. L’auteur part de l’hypothèse que, pendant certaines périodes complexes de l’histoire des sciences, l’évolution de la langue et l’évolution des connaissances sont liées à un genre textuel novateur utilisé au sein de la communauté savante. Ces évolutions se réalisent notamment lorsque les domaines scientifiques sont impliqués au niveau linguistique dans une nécessité de systématisation du vocabulaire témoignant de l’adoption progressive de structures nouvelles de la pensée.

Cet ouvrage reconstruit la naissance du genre de la presse scientifique périodique en France qui participe à plein titre à la construction des réseaux conceptuels des sciences modernes, ainsi qu’à leur stabilisation et à l’usage des terminologies scientifiques modernes. Le choix des domaines de la botanique et de la chimie repose sur leur reconnaissance en tant que sciences à part entière en dehors des finalités médicales et thérapeutiques auxquelles elles ont été longtemps confinées par les savants. Par conséquent, de nouveaux besoins de dénomination découlent du positionnement de ces champs disciplinaires au sein de la topologie des savoirs scientifiques.

Ce livre traite des problématiques liées au fonctionnement des pronoms clitiques (affixes pronominaux) en arabe en comparaison avec plusieurs autres langues afro-asiatiques et indo-européennes. De surcroit, il soulève de nombreuses questions concernant la structure syntaxique de la phrase comme celle du mot, en mettant en relief l’interface syntaxe-morphologie.

De nombreuses problématiques y sont analysées, comme l’ordre des mots, la structure de la phrase – à prédicat verbal ou non verbal –, l’incorporation, l’identité catégorielle du pronom clitique et sa projection syntaxique, les traits d’accord, le pronom dit résomptif et l’économie morphosyntaxique.

Par son approche, l’ouvrage offre un juste équilibre entre description linguistique des faits et explication syntaxique et formelle des problématiques soulevées. Le cadre choisi, celui de la grammaire generative permet, non seulement de comparer l’arabe standard et dialectal à un grand nombre de faits de langues, mais aussi de proposer un système morphosyntaxique fondé sur des principes universaux, des généralisations, des paramètres et des micro-paramètres.