M K Singhal – författare

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 8.5, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), course: EMRL, language: English, abstract: Now-a-days the groundwater quality is continuously being degraded due to the percolation of polluted water from the wastewater drains, polluted rivers and ponds. As a result its quality has not remained potable in many parts of the country. To assess the impact of the highly polluted Kali River, physic-chemical characterization has been performed on different groundwater samples collected from hand pumps and tube wells from 7 villages located at different distances from the pollution source. The main water quality parameters that have been used to assess the quality of groundwater abstracted through shallow and deep hand pumps placed in the different villages along the banks of River Kali (East). Color, taste and Odor, pH, EC (us/cm), TDS(mg/L), Hardness(mg/L) B.O.D(mg/L), C.O.D(mg/L), Chloride(mg/L, Iron(mg/L, Nitrate (mg/L), Sulphate(SO4), Sodium(mg/L), Potassium(mg/L), Calcium(mg/L), Magnesium(mg/L), Zinc (mg/L), Lead (mg/L), Chromium (mg/L), Cadmium (mg/L). the result shows that worst affected water source are the private hand pumps which are located closest to the River Kali. Unfortunately, deeper govt. hand pumps were also found violating the permissible limits for some of the parameters. Only very deep government tube wells (up to 120 m) had values within stipulated range, indicating that groundwater aquifer contamination is extreme nearer to the surface of ground.

Academic Paper from the year 2014 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 8.5, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT ROORKEE), course: M.Tech, language: English, abstract: River Hindon is a major source of water to the highly populated and predominantly rural population of western Uttar Pradesh, India. River Hindon originates in the lower Himalayas in Saharanpur district (UP, Uttar Pradesh) and flows 260 km through six districts including Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautambudh Nagar until its confluence with the Yamuna. The main sources, which create pollution in the river, include municipal wastes of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad districts and industrial effluents of sugar, pulp and paper distilleries and other miscellaneous industries through tributaries as well as direct outfalls. In non-monsoon months the river is completely dry from its origin up to Saharanpur town. The main water quality parameters that have been used to assess the quality of Hindon river are pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, TSS Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Phosphates, Chlorides, Sulphates and Faecal Coliform. These data are obtained by collecting water and wastewater samples during pre- and post-monsoon seasons during month of January and April 2013 and are converted with National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index to achieve at a single value defining the water quality at selected locations. The result shows that the water quality of river is not good. The water of river Hindon is not suitable for any use.