Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 3, University of Salzburg (Institut fur Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: My essay will be about the immigration policy of the United States of America. The U.S. administration has tightened measures against (illegal) immigration to the USA since the 1980s. Especially the immigration of unskilled workers should be avoided. As we will see, the U.S. administration struggles with lacking reform in immigration policy, that's why a conflict between the federal and state level exists. Especially since the terrorist attacks of 11th of September 2001, the immigration policy has dramatically been changed. Now security issues have become the most important topic. Already existing bilateral relations between the USA and countries of origin of immigrants have also been affected. The first chapter of this essay will be about the changes in immigration policy since the 1980s. I will try to describe the most important new anti-immigrant laws. Furthermore I will show the reasons for these legal changes. In the second chapter I will write about general reasons for changes in immigration policy in the United States and the meaning of the incidents of September 2001. The third chapter will be about the interest groups which are important in immigration policy. I will try to show how immigration policy is influenced and by whom. My hypothesis for this essay is that U.S. immigration has changed at the latest since the beginning of the 1990s, the level of education of the immigrants got more important because of economic reasons. Since the terror attacks in 2001 immigration is restricted because of safety reasons.

Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: Russia, grade: 2, University of Salzburg (Institut fur Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: The Russian state has faced a deep transformation since the beginning of the 1990s. The society moved from a dictatorial regime to a formal democracy. The military has been a problem in Russia since the times of the Soviet Union. Violence, abuses, suicides etc. are the result of the traditional military system. During the final stage of the Soviet Empire protest against the miserable conditions in the army was entered by a small number of mothers of young soldiers. This essay is about the non governmental organisation of the Soldiers' Mothers of Russia, which is one of the most important and successful human rights organisations in Russia. The first chapter of this Essay will be about the establishment of the Soldiers' Mothers and the societal conditions which enabled it. Chapter two is about the Status quo of the Russian Army, about the violence against and abuses of young conscripts and about the associated hierarchical military system. Also structural and legal shortcomings of the military will be described. The third chapter deals with the goals and demands of the Soldiers' Mothers of St. Petersburg, chapter four will be about the working methods of the organisation and the ways of embarking their goals.

Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 3, University of Salzburg (Institut fur Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: My essay will be about the immigration policy of the United States of America. The U.S. administration has tightened measures against (illegal) immigration to the USA since the 1980s. Especially the immigration of unskilled workers should be avoided. As we will see, the U.S. administration struggles with lacking reform in immigration policy, that's why a conflict between the federal and state level exists. Especially since the terrorist attacks of 11th of September 2001, the immigration policy has dramatically been changed. Now security issues have become the most important topic. Already existing bilateral relations between the USA and countries of origin of immigrants have also been affected. The first chapter of this essay will be about the changes in immigration policy since the 1980s. I will try to describe the most important new anti-immigrant laws. Furthermore I will show the reasons for these legal changes. In the second chapter I will write about general reasons for changes in immigration policy in the United States and the meaning of the incidents of September 2001. The third chapter will be about the interest groups which are important in immigration policy. I will try to show how immigration policy is influenced and by whom. My hypothesis for this essay is that U.S. immigration has changed at the latest since the beginning of the 1990s, the level of education of the immigrants got more important because of economic reasons. Since the terror attacks in 2001 immigration is restricted because of safety reasons.

Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: Russia, grade: 2, University of Salzburg (Institut fur Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: The Russian state has faced a deep transformation since the beginning of the 1990s. The society moved from a dictatorial regime to a formal democracy. The military has been a problem in Russia since the times of the Soviet Union. Violence, abuses, suicides etc. are the result of the traditional military system. During the final stage of the Soviet Empire protest against the miserable conditions in the army was entered by a small number of mothers of young soldiers. This essay is about the non governmental organisation of the Soldiers' Mothers of Russia, which is one of the most important and successful human rights organisations in Russia. The first chapter of this Essay will be about the establishment of the Soldiers' Mothers and the societal conditions which enabled it. Chapter two is about the Status quo of the Russian Army, about the violence against and abuses of young conscripts and about the associated hierarchical military system. Also structural and legal shortcomings of the military will be described. The third chapter deals with the goals and demands of the Soldiers' Mothers of St. Petersburg, chapter four will be about the working methods of the organisation and the ways of embarking their goals.