Yaakov Kraftmakher – författare

Modulation Calorimetry reviews modulation techniques for measuring specific heat, thermal expansivity, temperature derivative of resistance, thermopower, and spectral absorptance. Owing to the periodic nature of the temperature oscillations, high sensitivity and excellent temperature resolution are peculiar to all these methods. The monograph presents the various methods of the modulation and of measuring the temperature oscillations. Important applications of the modulation techniques for studying physical phenomena in solids and liquids are considered in depth (equilibrium point defects, phase transitions, superconductors, liquid crystals, biological materials, relaxation phenomena in specific heat, and more).

Modulation Calorimetry reviews modulation techniques for measuring specific heat, thermal expansivity, temperature derivative of resistance, thermopower, and spectral absorptance. Owing to the periodic nature of the temperature oscillations, high sensitivity and excellent temperature resolution are peculiar to all these methods. The monograph presents the various methods of the modulation and of measuring the temperature oscillations. Important applications of the modulation techniques for studying physical phenomena in solids and liquids are considered in depth (equilibrium point defects, phase transitions, superconductors, liquid crystals, biological materials, relaxation phenomena in specific heat, and more).

Despite the significant progress in the study of point defects in metals, some important problems still do not have unambiguous solutions. One of the most practically important questions relates to equilibrium defect concentrations. There exist two opposite viewpoints: (1) defect contributions to physical properties of metals at high temperatures are small and cannot be separated from the effects of anharmonicity; the equilibrium defect concentrations at the melting points are in the range of 10-4 to 10-3; (2) in many cases, defect contributions to the specific heat of metals are much larger than nonlinear effects of anharmonicity and can be separated without crucial errors; the equilibrium concentrations at the melting points are of the order of 10-3 in low-melting-point metals and 10-2 in high-melting-point metals.This book discusses the experimental results and theoretical considerations favoring each claim. At present, the majority of the scientific community hold the first viewpoint. Regrettably, the data supporting the second viewpoint have never been displayed and discussed together, and the criticism of this viewpoint has never included a detailed analysis. Important arguments supporting this viewpoint have appeared in the last decade. It may turn out that just calorimetric determinations provide the most reliable values of equilibrium defect concentrations in metals. In this book, the main attention is paid to equilibrium point defects in metals and their relation to thermophysical properties of metals. Along with a discussion on experimental data and theoretical estimates now available, some approaches are proposed that seem to be most suitable for settling the question.

A laboratory manual for high schools, colleges, and universities, this book contains more than 80 experiments and lecture demonstrations. The coverage includes the essentials of general physics: mechanics and molecular physics, electricity and magnetism, optics and atomic physics, and condensed matter physics. All the experiments are illustrated through the results of real measurements and include many novel experiments developed by the author.

A laboratory manual for high schools, colleges, and universities, this book contains more than 80 experiments and lecture demonstrations. The coverage includes the essentials of general physics: mechanics and molecular physics, electricity and magnetism, optics and atomic physics, and condensed matter physics. All the experiments are illustrated through the results of real measurements and include many novel experiments developed by the author.

A laboratory manual for high schools, colleges, and universities. The second edition contains more than 140 experiments and demonstrations presented in ten chapters: Introductory Experiments (30), Mechanics (11), Molecular Physics (11), Electricity and Magnetism (13), Optics and Atomic Physics (12), Condensed Matter Physics (11), Semiconductors (10), Applied Physics (11), Nobel Prize Experiments (10), and Student Projects (25). All the experiments are illustrated through the results of real measurements. New experiments developed by the author in 2007-2014 are added to this edition.