Introduction to Networks Course Booklet (CCNAv7)

Cisco Networking Academy teaches hundreds of thousands of students annually the skills needed to build, design, and maintain networks, improving their career prospects while filling the global demand for networking professionals. With 10,000 academies in 165 countries, it helps individuals prepare for industry-recognized certifications and entry-level information and communication technology careers in virtually every industry–developing foundational technical skills while acquiring vital 21st-century career skills in problem solving, collaboration, and critical thinking. Cisco Networking Academy uses a public-private partnership model to create the "world's largest classroom."

• Introduction xxxiChapter 1 Networking Today 1Introduction - 1.0 1Why should I take this module? - 1.0.1 1What will I learn to do in this module? - 1.0.2 1Networks Affect our Lives - 1.1 2Networks Connect Us - 1.1.1 2Video - The Cisco Networking Academy Learning Experience - 1.1.2 2No Boundaries - 1.1.3 2Network Components - 1.2 2Host Roles - 1.2.1 2Peer-to-Peer - 1.2.2 3End Devices - 1.2.3 3Intermediary Devices - 1.2.4 4Network Media - 1.2.5 4Check Your Understanding - Network Components - 1.2.6 4Network Representations and Topologies - 1.3 4Network Representations - 1.3.1 4Topology Diagrams - 1.3.2 5Physical Topology Diagrams 5Logical Topology Diagrams 5Check Your Understanding - Network Representations and Topologies - 1.3.3 5Common Types of Networks - 1.4 5Networks of Many Sizes - 1.4.1 5Small Home Networks 6Small Office and Home Office Networks 6Medium to Large Networks 6World Wide Networks 6LANs and WANs - 1.4.2 6LANs 7WANs 7The Internet - 1.4.3 7Intranets and Extranets - 1.4.4 8Check Your Understanding - Common Types of Networks - 1.4.5 8Internet Connections - 1.5 8Internet Access Technologies - 1.5.1 8Home and Small Office Internet Connections - 1.5.2 8Businesses Internet Connections - 1.5.3 9The Converging Network - 1.5.4 9Traditional Separate Networks 9Converged Networks 10Video - Download and Install Packet Tracer - 1.5.5 10Video - Getting Started in Cisco Packet Tracer - 1.5.6 11Packet Tracer - Network Representation - 1.5.7 11Reliable Networks - 1.6 11Network Architecture - 1.6.1 11Fault Tolerance - 1.6.2 12Scalability - 1.6.3 12Quality of Service - 1.6.4 12Network Security - 1.6.5 13Check Your Understanding - Reliable Networks - 1.6.6 13Network Trends - 1.7 13Recent Trends - 1.7.1 13Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) - 1.7.2 14Online Collaboration - 1.7.3 14Video Communications - 1.7.4 14Video - Cisco Webex for Huddles - 1.7.5 14Cloud Computing - 1.7.6 14Cloud Types 15Technology Trends in the Home - 1.7.7 15Powerline Networking - 1.7.8 16Wireless Broadband - 1.7.9 16Wireless Internet Service Provider 16Wireless Broadband Service 17Check Your Understanding - Network Trends - 1.7.10 17Network Security - 1.8 17Security Threats - 1.8.1 17Security Solutions - 1.8.2 18Check Your Understanding - Network Security - 1.8.3 19The IT Professional - 1.9 19CCNA - 1.9.1 19Networking Jobs - 1.9.2 19Lab - Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities - 1.9.3 19Module Practice and Quiz - 1.10 20What did I learn in this module? - 1.10.1 20Networks Affect our Lives 20Network Components 20Network Representations and Topologies 20Common Types of Networks 20Internet Connections 21Reliable Networks 21Network Trends 21Network Security 21The IT Professional 22Chapter Quiz - Networking Today 23Your Chapter Notes 23Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 25Introduction - 2.0 25Why should I take this module? - 2.0.1 25What will I learn to do in this module? - 2.0.2 25Cisco IOS Access - 2.1 25Operating Systems - 2.1.1 25GUI - 2.1.2 26Purpose of an OS - 2.1.3 26Access Methods - 2.1.4 27Terminal Emulation Programs - 2.1.5 27PuTTY 28Tera Term 28SecureCRT 28Check Your Understanding - Cisco IOS Access - 2.1.6 28IOS Navigation - 2.2 28Primary Command Modes - 2.2.1 28Configuration Mode and Subconfiguration Modes - 2.2.2 28Video - IOS CLI Primary Command Modes - 2.2.3 29Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.4 29Video - Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.5 30A Note About Syntax Checker Activities - 2.2.6 30Syntax Checker - Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.7 30Check Your Understanding - IOS Navigation - 2.2.8 30The Command Structure - 2.3 30Basic IOS Command Structure - 2.3.1 30IOS Command Syntax Check - 2.3.2 31IOS Help Features - 2.3.3 31Video - Context Sensitive Help and Command Syntax Check - 2.3.4 32Hot Keys and Shortcuts - 2.3.5 32Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts - 2.3.6 33Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS - 2.3.7 33Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity - 2.3.8 33Basic Device Configuration - 2.4 34Device Names - 2.4.1 34Password Guidelines - 2.4.2 35Configure Passwords - 2.4.3 35Encrypt Passwords - 2.4.4 36Banner Messages - 2.4.5 37Video - Secure Administrative Access to a Switch - 2.4.6 37Syntax Checker - Basic Device Configuration - 2.4.7 37Check Your Understanding - Basic Device Configuration - 2.4.8 38Save Configurations - 2.5 38Configuration Files - 2.5.1 38Alter the Running Configuration - 2.5.2 39Video - Alter the Running Configuration - 2.5.3 39Capture Configuration to a Text File - 2.5.4 39Packet Tracer - Configure Initial Switch Settings - 2.5.5 40Ports and Addresses - 2.6 40IP Addresses - 2.6.1 40Interfaces and Ports - 2.6.2 41Check Your Understanding - Ports and Addresses - 2.6.3 42Configure IP Addressing - 2.7 42Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices - 2.7.1 42Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices - 2.7.2 42Syntax Checker - Verify Windows PC IP Configuration - 2.7.3 43Switch Virtual Interface Configuration - 2.7.4 43Syntax Checker - Configure a Switch Virtual Interface - 2.7.5 43Packet Tracer - Implement Basic Connectivity - 2.7.6 43Verify Connectivity - 2.8 43Video Activity - Test the Interface Assignment - 2.8.1 43Follow Along in Packet Tracer 44Video Activity - Test End-to-End Connectivity - 2.8.2 44Follow Along in Packet Tracer 44Module Practice and Quiz - 2.9 44Packet Tracer - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration - 2.9.1 44Lab - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration - 2.9.2 44What did I learn in this module? - 2.9.3 44Chapter Quiz - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 46Your Chapter Notes 46Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 47Introduction - 3.0 47Why should I take this module? - 3.0.1 47What will I learn to do in this module? - 3.0.2 47Class Activity - Design a Communications System - 3.0.3 47The Rules - 3.1 48Video - Devices in a Bubble - 3.1.1 48Communications Fundamentals - 3.1.2 48Communication Protocols - 3.1.3 48Analogy 49Network 49Rule Establishment - 3.1.4 49Network Protocol Requirements - 3.1.5 50Message Encoding - 3.1.6 50Analogy 50Network 50Message Formatting and Encapsulation - 3.1.7 50Analogy 51Network 51Message Size - 3.1.8 51Analogy 51Network 51Message Timing - 3.1.9 52Message Delivery Options - 3.1.10 52Analogy 52Network 52A Note About the Node Icon - 3.1.11 53Check Your Understanding - The Rules - 3.1.12 53Protocols - 3.2 53Network Protocol Overview - 3.2.1 53Network Protocol Functions - 3.2.2 53Protocol Interaction - 3.2.3 54Check Your Understanding - Protocols - 3.2.4 54Protocol Suites - 3.3 54Network Protocol Suites - 3.3.1 54Evolution of Protocol Suites - 3.3.2 55TCP/IP Protocol Example - 3.3.3 55TCP/IP Protocol Suite - 3.3.4 55Application Layer 55Transport layer 56Internet Layer 57Network Access Layer 57TCP/IP Communication Process - 3.3.5 58Check Your Understanding - Protocol Suites - 3.3.6 58Standards Organizations - 3.4 58Open Standards - 3.4.1 58Internet Standards - 3.4.2 59Electronic and Communications Standards - 3.4.3 59Lab - Research Networking Standards - 3.4.4 59Check Your Understanding - Standards Organizations 60Reference Models - 3.5 60The Benefits of Using a Layered Model - 3.5.1 60The OSI Reference Model - 3.5.2 60The TCP/IP Protocol Model - 3.5.3 61OSI and TCP/IP Model Comparison - 3.5.4 61Packet Tracer - Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action - 3.5.5 62Data Encapsulation - 3.6 62Segmenting Messages - 3.6.1 62Sequencing - 3.6.2 63Protocol Data Units - 3.6.3 63Encapsulation Example - 3.6.4 63De-encapsulation Example - 3.6.5 64Check Your Understanding - Data Encapsulation - 3.6.6 64Data Access - 3.7 64Addresses - 3.7.1 64Layer 3 Logical Address - 3.7.2 64Devices on the Same Network - 3.7.3 65Role of the Data Link Layer Addresses: Same IP Network - 3.7.4 65Devices on a Remote Network - 3.7.5 66Role of the Network Layer Addresses - 3.7.6 66Role of the Data Link Layer Addresses: Different IP Networks - 3.7.7 66Data Link Addresses - 3.7.8 67Host to Router 67Router to Router 67Router to Server 67Lab - Install Wireshark - 3.7.9 67Lab - Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic - 3.7.10 67Check Your Understanding - Data Access 3.7.11 68Module Practice and Quiz - 3.8 68What did I learn in this module? - 3.8.1 68The Rules 68Protocols 68Protocol Suites 68Standards Organizations 69Reference Models 69Data Encapsulation 69Data Access 70Chapter Quiz - Protocols and Models 71Your Chapter Notes 71Chapter 4 Physical Layer 73Introduction - 4.0 73Why should I take this module? - 4.0.1 73What will I learn to do in this module? - 4.0.2 73Purpose of the Physical Layer - 4.1 73The Physical Connection - 4.1.1 73Network Interface Cards 74The Physical Layer - 4.1.2 74Check Your Understanding - Purpose of the Physical Layer - 4.1.3 74Physical Layer Characteristics - 4.2 74Physical Layer Standards - 4.2.1 74Physical Components - 4.2.2 75Physical Components 75Encoding - 4.2.3 76Signaling - 4.2.4 76Copper Cable 76Fiber Optic Cable 76Wireless Media 76Bandwidth - 4.2.5 76Bandwidth Terminology - 4.2.6 77Latency 77Throughput 77Goodput 78Check Your Understanding - Physical Layer Characteristics - 4.2.7 78Copper Cabling - 4.3 78Characteristics of Copper Cabling - 4.3.1 78Types of Copper Cabling - 4.3.2 79Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) - 4.3.3 79Shielded twisted-pair (STP) - 4.3.4 79Coaxial cable - 4.3.5 79Check Your Understanding - Copper Cabling - 4.3.6 80UTP Cabling - 4.4 80Properties of UTP Cabling - 4.4.1 80UTP Cabling Standards and Connectors - 4.4.2 81Straight-through and Crossover UTP Cables - 4.4.3 82Cable Types and Standards 82Activity - Cable Pinouts - 4.4.4 83Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5 83Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5.1 83Types of Fiber Media - 4.5.2 83Single-Mode Fiber 83Multimode Fiber 83Fiber-Optic Cabling Usage - 4.5.3 84Fiber-Optic Connectors - 4.5.4 84Straight-Tip (ST) Connectors 84Subscriber Connector (SC) Connectors 84Lucent Connector (LC) Simplex Connectors 84Duplex Multimode LC Connectors 85Fiber Patch Cords - 4.5.5 85SC-SC Multimode Patch Cord 85LC-LC Single-mode Patch Cord 85ST-LC Multimode Patch Cord 85SC-ST Single-mode Patch Cord 85Fiber versus Copper - 4.5.6 85UTP and Fiber-Optic Cabling Comparison 85Check Your Understanding - Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5.7 86Wireless Media - 4.6 86Properties of Wireless Media - 4.6.1 86Types of Wireless Media - 4.6.2 87Wireless LAN - 4.6.3 87Check Your Understanding - Wireless Media - 4.6.4 88Packet Tracer - Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN - 4.6.5 88Lab - View Wired and Wireless NIC Information - 4.6.6 88Module Practice and Quiz - 4.7 88Packet Tracer - Connect the Physical Layer - 4.7.1 88What did I learn in this module? - 4.7.2 88Purpose of the Physical Layer 88Physical Layer Characteristics 89Copper Cabling 89UTP Cabling 89Fiber-Optic Cabling 89Wireless Media 90Chapter Quiz - Physical Layer 91Your Chapter Notes 91Chapter 5 Number Systems 93Introduction - 5.0 93Why should I take this module? - 5.0.1 93What will I learn to do in this module? - 5.0.2 93Binary Number System - 5.1 93Binary and IPv4 Addresses - 5.1.1 93Video - Converting Between Binary and Decimal Numbering Systems - 5.1.2 94Binary Positional Notation - 5.1.3 94Check Your Understanding - Binary Number System - 5.1.4 95Convert Binary to Decimal - 5.1.5 95Activity - Binary to Decimal Conversions - 5.1.6 96Decimal to Binary Conversion - 5.1.7 97128 9764 9732 9716 978 974 982 981 98Decimal to Binary Conversion Example - 5.1.8 98Step 1 98Step 2 99Step 3 99Step 4 99Step 5 99Step 6 99Step 7 99Step 8 99Step 9 99Step 10 99Step 11 99Activity - Decimal to Binary Conversions - 5.1.9 100Activity - Binary Game - 5.1.10 100IPv4 Addresses - 5.1.11 100Dotted Decimal Address 100Octets 10032-bit Address 100Hexadecimal Number System - 5.2 100Hexadecimal and IPv6 Addresses - 5.2.1 100Video - Converting Between Hexadecimal andDecimal Numbering Systems - 5.2.2 101Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversions - 5.2.3 101Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion - 5.2.4 101Check Your Understanding - Hexadecimal Number System - 5.2.5 102Module Practice and Quiz 102What did I learn in this module? - 5.3.1 102Binary Number System 102Hexadecimal Number System 102Chapter Quiz - Number Systems 103Your Chapter Notes 103Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 105Introduction - 6.0 105Why should I take this module? - 6.0.1 105What will I learn to do in this module? - 6.0.2 105Purpose of the Data Link Layer - 6.1 105The Data Link Layer - 6.1.1 105IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Data Link Sublayers - 6.1.2 106Providing Access to Media - 6.1.3 107Data Link Layer Standards - 6.1.4 107Check Your Understanding - Purpose of the Data Link Layer - 6.1.5 108Topologies - 6.2 108Physical and Logical Topologies - 6.2.1 108WAN Topologies - 6.2.2 108Point-to-Point 108Hub and Spoke 108Mesh 109Point-to-Point WAN Topology - 6.2.3 109LAN Topologies - 6.2.4 109Legacy LAN Topologies 109Half and Full Duplex Communication - 6.2.5 110Half-duplex communication 110Full-duplex communication 110Access Control Methods - 6.2.6 110Contention-based access 110Controlled access 111Contention-Based Access - CSMA/CD - 6.2.7 111PC1 Sends a Frame 111The Hub Receives the Frame 112The Hub Sends the Frame 112Contention-Based Access - CSMA/CA - 6.2.8 112Check Your Understanding - Topologies - 6.2.9 112Data Link Frame - 6.3 112The Frame - 6.3.1 112Frame Fields - 6.3.2 113Layer 2 Addresses - 6.3.3 114Host-to-Router 114Router-to-Router 114Router-to-Host 114LAN and WAN Frames - 6.3.4 115Check Your Understanding - Data Link Frame - 6.3.5 116Module Practice and Quiz - 6.4 116What did I learn in this module? - 6.4.1 116Purpose of the Data Link Layer 116Topologies 116Data Link Frame 116Chapter Quiz - Data Link Layer 118Your Chapter Notes 118Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 119Introduction - 7.0 119Why should I take this module? - 7.0.1 119What will I learn to do in this module? - 7.0.2 119Ethernet Frames - 7.1 119Ethernet Encapsulation - 7.1.1 119Data Link Sublayers - 7.1.2 120MAC Sublayer - 7.1.3 120Data Encapsulation 120Accessing the Media 121Ethernet Frame Fields - 7.1.4 121Ethernet Frame Fields Detail 121Check Your Understanding - Ethernet Switching - 7.1.5 122Lab - Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames - 7.1.6 122Ethernet MAC Address - 7.2 122MAC Address and Hexadecimal - 7.2.1 122Ethernet MAC Address - 7.2.2 123Frame Processing - 7.2.3 123Unicast MAC Address - 7.2.4 124Broadcast MAC Address - 7.2.5 124Multicast MAC Address - 7.2.6 125Lab - View Network Device MAC Addresses - 7.2.7 126The MAC Address Table - 7.3 126Switch Fundamentals - 7.3.1 126Switch Learning and Forwarding - 7.3.2 126Learn 127Forward 127Filtering Frames - 7.3.3 127PC-D to Switch 127Switch to PC-A 128PC-A to Switch to PC-D 128Video - MAC Address Tables on Connected Switches - 7.3.4 128Video - Sending the Frame to the Default Gateway - 7.3.5 128Activity - Switch It! - 7.3.6 128Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table - 7.3.7 128Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods - 7.4 129Frame Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches - 7.4.1 129Cut-Through Switching - 7.4.2 129Memory Buffering on Switches - 7.4.3 130Memory Buffering Methods 130Duplex and Speed Settings - 7.4.4 131Auto-MDIX - 7.4.5 131Check Your Understanding - Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods - 7.4.6 132Module Practice and Quiz - 7.5 132What did I learn in this module? - 7.5.1 132Ethernet Frame 132Ethernet MAC Address 132The MAC Address Table 132Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 133Chapter Quiz - Ethernet Switching 134Your Chapter Notes 134Chapter 8 Network Layer 135Introduction - 8.0 135Why should I take this module? - 8.0.1 135What will I learn to do in this module? - 8.0.2 135Network Layer Characteristics - 8.1 135The Network Layer - 8.1.1 135IP Encapsulation - 8.1.2 136Characteristics of IP - 8.1.3 137Connectionless - 8.1.4 137Best Effort - 8.1.5 137Media Independent - 8.1.6 137Check Your Understanding - IP Characteristics - 8.1.7 138IPv4 Packet - 8.2 138IPv4 Packet Header - 8.2.1 138IPv4 Packet Header Fields - 8.2.2 138Video - Sample IPv4 Headers in Wireshark - 8.2.3 139Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Packet - 8.2.4 139IPv6 Packet - 8.3 139Limitations of IPv4 - 8.3.1 139IPv6 Overview - 8.3.2 139IPv4 Packet Header Fields in the IPv6 Packet Header - 8.3.3 140IPv6 Packet Header - 8.3.4 140Video - Sample IPv6 Headers in Wireshark - 8.3.5 140Check Your Understanding - IPv6 Packet - 8.3.6 141How a Host Routes - 8.4 141Host Forwarding Decision - 8.4.1 141Default Gateway - 8.4.2 142A Host Routes to the Default Gateway - 8.4.3 142Host Routing Tables - 8.4.4 142IPv4 Routing Table for PC1 142Check Your Understanding - How a Host Routes - 8.4.5 143Introduction to Routing - 8.5 143Router Packet Forwarding Decision - 8.5.1 143R1 Routing Table 144IP Router Routing Table - 8.5.2 144Static Routing - 8.5.3 144Dynamic Routing - 8.5.4 145Video- IPv4 Router Routing Tables - 8.5.5 146Introduction to an IPv4 Routing Table - 8.5.6 146Check Your Understanding - Introduction to Routing - 8.5.7 147Module Practice and Quiz - 8.6 147What did I learn in this module? - 8.6.1 147Network Layer Characteristics 147IPv4 Packet 148IPv6 Packet 148How a Host Routes 148Introduction to Routing 148Chapter Quiz - Network Layer 150Your Chapter Notes 150Chapter 9 Address Resolution 151Introduction - 9.0 151Why should I take this module? - 9.0.1 151What will I learn to do in this module? - 9.0.2 151MAC and IP - 9.1 151Destination on Same Network - 9.1.1 151Destination on Remote Network - 9.1.2 152Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses - 9.1.3 153Check Your Understanding - MAC and IP - 9.1.4 153ARP - 9.2 153ARP Overview - 9.2.1 153ARP Functions - 9.2.2 153Video - ARP Request - 9.2.3 154Video - ARP Operation - ARP Reply - 9.2.4 155Video - ARP Role in Remote Communications - 9.2.5 155Removing Entries from an ARP Table - 9.2.6 156ARP Tables on Networking Devices - 9.2.7 156ARP Issues - ARP Broadcasts and ARP Spoofing - 9.2.8 157Packet Tracer - Examine the ARP Table - 9.2.9 157Check Your Understanding - ARP - 9.2.10 157IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3 157Video - IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.1 157IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Messages - 9.3.2 157IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - Address Resolution - 9.3.3 158Packet Tracer - IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.4 158Check Your Understanding - Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.5 159Module Practice and Quiz - 9.4 159What did I learn in this module? - 9.4.1 159MAC and IP 159ARP 159Neighbor Discovery 159Chapter Quiz - Address Resolution 160Your Chapter Notes 160Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 161Introduction - 10.0 161Why should I take this module? - 10.0.1 161What will I learn in this