Alcatel-Lucent Scalable IP Networks Self-Study Guide

Kent Hundley (Alcatel-Lucent NRS I No. 1558) is a professional services IT consultant with more than 17 years of experience in the networking field. Kent has been a consultant for more than 12 years and has worked with numerous Fortune 100 enterprise clients and service provider customers in the areas of network architecture design, network operations, network management solutions, application analysis, and the design of security solutions. He is the author of several books on security and IPrelated technologies and currently works as a consultant for a leading provider of solutions for managing networks and applications.

• Foreword xixIntroduction xxiChapter 1: Introduction To Networking 1Pre-Assessment 21 1: Before the Internet 4ARPANET: Genesis of the Internet 4ARPANET Challenges and the Origin of TCP/IP 6From War Room to Boardroom: The Internet Comes of Age 81 2: Service Providers and Content Providers 91 3: Modern Internet Service Providers 131 4: Overview of TCP/IP 15Understanding the TCP/IP Layers 18Forwarding Data 21The OSI Reference Model 27Chapter Review 31Post-Assessment 32Chapter 2: The Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR and 7450 ESS Components and the Command-Line Interface 37Pre-Assessment 382 1 The Alcatel-Lucent 7750 Service Router Family 40The Alcatel-Lucent 7450 Ethernet Service Switch Group 42Control Plane versus Data Plane 44Physical Components of the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR and 7450 ESS Series 45How Packets Are Processed by the IOM 47Basic Bootup Components 48System Initialization Process 50The Boot Options 512 2 Command-Line Interface 54Provisioning the Alcatel-Lucent SR/ESS Systems 58Using Logs and Alarms 62Practice Lab: Alcatel-Lucent 7750/7450 Hardware and the CLI 66Lab Section 2 1: First Contact 66Lab Section 2 2: What Is the Router Doing? Getting Help and Information 69Lab Section 2 3: Saving Configuration Changes 75Chapter Review 78Post-Assessment 79Chapter 3: Data Link Overview 83Pre-Assessment 843 1 OSI Layer 2 Overview 86Types of Data Link Layer Protocols 87Scope of the Data Link Layer 883 2 Layer 2 Protocols: PPP, ATM, and Time Division Multiplexing 90PPP: The Point-to-Point Protocol 90Circuit-Switching and ATM 93Time Division Multiplexing 97Broadcast and Shared Access Data Links 983 3 Ethernet Overview 100Ethernet Addressing and Operations 106Ethernet Transmission—CSMA/CD 109Ethernet Physical Standards 114Practice Lab: Configuring IOMs, MDAs, and Ports 116Lab Section 3 1: A Full Deck of Cards 117Lab Section 3 2: An MDA for Every Need 120Lab Section 3 3: All Ports Up to L2 Ethernet 123Chapter Review 126Post-Assessment 127Chapter 4: Switched Networks, Spanning Tree, and VLANs 131Pre-Assessment 1324 1 Ethernet Devices: Hubs and Switches 1344 2 Ethernet Switching Operations 1364 3 Ethernet Link Redundancy: LAG 139LAG Configuration 1404 4 Ethernet Path Redundancy: STP 143Using STP to Prevent Loops 1464 5 Virtual LANs 154Chapter Review 163Post-Assessment 165Chapter 5: IP Addressing 169Pre-Assessment 1705 1 Interconnecting Networks 172The Need for Layer 3 172How Layer 3 Functions 1735 2 The IP Header 177IP Header Fields 1785 3 IP Addressing 180Class-Based IP Addressing 184Private IP Addressing 189Types of IP Addresses 1895 4 IP Subnetting 192Identifying an IP Subnet 193IP Subnet Address Planning 197IP Subnets and VLSM Examples 202Subnet Creation Exercises 207Answers to Subnet Questions 2095 5 CIDR and Route Aggregation—The End of Classful IP Addressing 211CIDR versus VLSM 215Practice Lab: IP Addressing and Routing 218Lab Section 5 1: IP Addressing with Enterprise Customers 219Lab Section 5 2: IP Addressing with P, PE, and CE Routers 221Lab Section 5 3: Layer 3 Interfaces 224Chapter Review 231Post-Assessment 232Chapter 6: IP Forwarding and Services 237Pre-Assessment 2386 1 The IP Forwarding Process 2406 2 Typical IP Configurations 243NAT and PAT 246Dhcp 2496 3 Additional IP-Related Services 252Icmp 252Arp 2546 4 IP Filtering 260Practice Lab: ICMP and ARP 267Lab Section 6 1: Testing for ICMP and ARP 268Chapter Review 273Post-Assessment 274Chapter 7: Transport Layer Services—TCP and UDP 279Pre-Assessment 2807 1 Understanding the Transport Layer 2827 2 Transport Control Protocol (TCP) 284The TCP Header 286Establishing a TCP Connection—The Three-Way Handshake 289TCP Reliable Data Transfer 290TCP Flow Control 293TCP Operation 295Congestion Control in TCP 2977 3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 300Capabilities of UDP 301The UDP Header 302UDP Similarities with TCP 3037 4 Port Numbers and Sockets 304Chapter Review 306Post-Assessment 308Chapter 8: Introduction to IP Routing 313Pre-Assessment 3148 1 IP Routing Concepts and Purposes 316IGPs and EGPs 317IP Forwarding Using the Routing Table 318Building a Routing Table 322IP Forwarding Details 325Selecting Routes from Multiple Routing Protocols 3288 2 Static and Default Routes 3318 3 Dynamic Routing Protocols 334Practice Lab: Introduction to IP Routing 340Lab Section 8 1: Static Routes 341Lab Section 8 2: Default Routes and Router Logic 345Chapter Review 350Post-Assessment 351Chapter 9: Ospf 355Pre-Assessment 3569 1 Introduction to OSPF 358The Shortest Path First Algorithm 359Additional OSPF Features 3609 2 Router IDs and Their Function 361OSPF Point-to-Point Adjacencies 362Forming an OSPF Adjacency 364OSPF Commands 3679 3 Link State Updates and Flooding 375OSPF Metrics and SPF Calculation 379Practice Lab: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 381Lab Section 9 1: Single Area OSPF 382Chapter Review 387Post-Assessment 388Chapter 10: Bgp 393Pre-Assessment 39410 1 Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 39610 2 Autonomous Systems 39810 3 History and Features of BGP 40010 4 BGP Metrics 40310 5 When to Use BGP 40510 6 Packet Details and Operation 406BGP Update Processing 40710 7 BGP Case Studies 408Use Case I 408Use Case II 410Use Case III 411Practice Lab: BGP Routing 412Lab Section 10 1: External BGP Routing 413Lab Section 10 2: Internal BGP Routing 417Chapter Review 421Post-Assessment 423Chapter 11: MPLS and VPN Services 427Pre-Assessment 42811 1 Services Overview 430The Building Blocks of MPLS and VPN Services 431Understanding VPN Services 433Understanding MPLS 435Understanding LDP 43711 2 MPLS in Detail 44011 3 VPN Services in Detail 443Vpws 444Vpls 445Vprn 447Practice Lab: Services 449Lab Section 11 1: Services Framework 450Lab Section 11 2: VPLS Example 457Chapter Review 464Post-Assessment 465Appendix A: Chapter Assessment Questions and Answers 469Assessment Questions 470Chapter 1 470Chapter 2 473Chapter 3 476Chapter 4 479Chapter 5 483Chapter 6 487Chapter 7 490Chapter 8 493Chapter 9 497Chapter 10 500Chapter 11 503Answers to Assessment Questions 506Chapter 1 506Chapter 2 507Chapter 3 509Chapter 4 510Chapter 5 512Chapter 6 514Chapter 7 516Chapter 8 517Chapter 9 519Chapter 10 520Chapter 11 522Appendix B: Lab Exercises and Solutions 525Chapter 2: Alcatel-Lucent 7750/7450 Hardware and the Command Line Interface 526Lab Section 2 1: First Contact 526Lab Section 2 2: What Is the Router Doing? Getting Help and Information 529Lab Section 2 3: Saving Configuration Changes 534Chapter 3: Configuring IOMs, MDAs, and Ports 538Lab Section 3 1: A Full Deck of Cards 539Lab Section 3 2: An MDA for Every Need 542Lab Section 3 3: All Ports Up to L2 Ethernet 545Chapter 5: IP Addressing and Routing 548Lab Section 5 1: IP Addressing with Enterprise Customers 548Lab Section 5 2: IP Addressing with P, PE, and CE Routers 550Lab Section 5 3: Layer 3 Interfaces 554Chapter 6: ICMP and ARP 560Lab Section 6 1: Testing for ICMP and ARP 560Chapter 8: Introduction to IP Routing 565Lab Section 8 1: Static Routes 566Lab Section 8 2: Default Routes and Router Logic 569Chapter 9: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 574Lab Section 9 1: Single Area OSPF 574Chapter 10: BGP Routing 580Lab Section 10 1: External BGP Routing 581Lab Section 10 2: Internal BGP Routing 585Chapter 11: Services 590Lab Section 11 1: Services Framework 591Lab Section 11 2: VPLS Example 599Solutions 606Lab Section 2 1 Exercises 606Lab Section 2 2 Exercises 606Lab Section 2 3 Exercises 608Lab Section 3 1 Exercises 609Lab Section 3 2 Exercises 610Lab Section 3 3 Exercises 611Lab Section 5 1 Exercises 613Lab Section 5 2 Exercises 613Lab Section 5 3 Exercises 615Lab Section 6 1 Exercises 618Lab Section 8 1 Exercises 620Lab Section 8 2 Exercises 623Lab Section 9 1 Exercises 625Lab Section 10 1 Exercises 628Lab Section 10 2 Exercises 629Lab Section 11 1 Exercises 638Lab Section 11 2 Exercises 639Glossary 649Index 675