Superhalogens and Superalkalis is a comprehensive volume designed as the go-to resource on the exciting and evolving topics of these special classes of atomic clusters and the acid salt that results from their interactions. The book details how these substances possess not only unusual structures but also unique properties which can be exploited for various applications.Superhalogens’ strong oxidizing capacity, resulting from their high-electron affinity, leads to their applications in the design of superacids, organic superconductors, and ionic liquids. The low ionization energy of superalkalis enables them to act as strong reducing agents, making them useful in the design of superbases and alkalides. Illustrated throughout, this timely book provides an overview of the research and development on these and other aspects of superhalogen and superalkalis.Key features:Offers a basic introduction of superatoms that is accessible for readers to understandIncludes extensive study questions after each chapterProvides a systematic presentation of the existing literature on this increasingly trending topicPresents the latest developments in the field, offering readers state-of-art knowledgeThis book is a key reference guide for graduate students, postdocs, upper-level undergraduate students, academic professionals, and researchers who are interested in this fascinating topic.

Superhalogens and Superalkalis is a comprehensive volume designed as the go-to resource on the exciting and evolving topics of these special classes of atomic clusters and the acid salt that results from their interactions. The book details how these substances possess not only unusual structures but also unique properties which can be exploited for various applications.Superhalogens’ strong oxidizing capacity, resulting from their high-electron affinity, leads to their applications in the design of superacids, organic superconductors, and ionic liquids. The low ionization energy of superalkalis enables them to act as strong reducing agents, making them useful in the design of superbases and alkalides. Illustrated throughout, this timely book provides an overview of the research and development on these and other aspects of superhalogen and superalkalis.Key features:Offers a basic introduction of superatoms that is accessible for readers to understandIncludes extensive study questions after each chapterProvides a systematic presentation of the existing literature on this increasingly trending topicPresents the latest developments in the field, offering readers state-of-art knowledgeThis book is a key reference guide for graduate students, postdocs, upper-level undergraduate students, academic professionals, and researchers who are interested in this fascinating topic.

The application of quantum mechanics to many-particle systems has been an active area of research in recent years as researchers have looked for ways to tackle difficult problems in this area. The quantum trajectory method provides an efficient computational technique for solving both stationary and time-evolving states, encompassing a large area of quantum mechanics. Quantum Trajectories brings the expertise of an international panel of experts who focus on the epistemological significance of quantum mechanics through the quantum theory of motion.Emphasizing a classical interpretation of quantum mechanics as developed by de Bröglie and Bohm, this volume: Introduces the concept of the quantum theory of motionExplains the connection with conventional quantum mechanicsPresents various numerical techniques generated from the Bohmian approachDescribes the epistemological significance of quantum trajectoriesProvides an authoritative account of the foundations of quantum mechanics vis-à-vis that of the Bohmian mechanicsThe popularity of using the quantum trajectory as a computational tool has exploded over the last decade, finally bringing this methodology to the level of practical applications. Many of the experts in the field who have either developed the methodology or have improved upon it have contributed chapters to this volume, making it a state-of-the-art expression of the field as it exists today and providing insight into the future of this technology.

Metal clusters, an intermediate state between molecules and the extended solid, show peculiar bonding and reactivity patterns. Their significance is critical to many areas, including air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. In Aromaticity and Metal Clusters, dozens of international experts explore not only the basic aspects of aromaticity, but also the structures, properties, reactivity, stability, and other consequences of the aromaticity of a variety of metal clusters.Although the concept of aromaticity has been known for nearly two centuries, there is no way to measure it experimentally and no theoretical formula to calculate it. In order to gain insight into its exact nature, the authors of this volume examine various indirect characteristics such as geometrical, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, and reactivity considerations.The book begins by discussing the evolution of aromaticity from benzene to atomic clusters. Next, more specialized chapters focus on areas of significant interest. Topics discussed include: Computational studies on molecules with unusual aromaticityElectronic shells and magnetism in small metal clustersA density functional investigation on the structures, energetics, and properties of sodium clusters through electrostatic guidelines and molecular tailoringThe correlation between electron delocalization and ring currents in all metallic aromatic compoundsPhenomenological shell model and aromaticity in metal clustersRationalizing the aromaticity indexes used to describe the aromatic behavior of metal clusters5f orbital successive aromatic and antiaromatic zones in triangular uranium cluster chemistryThis collection of diverse contributions, composed of the work of scientists worldwide, is destined to not only answer puzzling questions about the nature of aromaticity, but also to provoke further inquiry in the minds of researchers.

The application of quantum mechanics to many-particle systems has been an active area of research in recent years as researchers have looked for ways to tackle difficult problems in this area. The quantum trajectory method provides an efficient computational technique for solving both stationary and time-evolving states, encompassing a large area of quantum mechanics. Quantum Trajectories brings the expertise of an international panel of experts who focus on the epistemological significance of quantum mechanics through the quantum theory of motion.Emphasizing a classical interpretation of quantum mechanics as developed by de Bröglie and Bohm, this volume: Introduces the concept of the quantum theory of motionExplains the connection with conventional quantum mechanicsPresents various numerical techniques generated from the Bohmian approachDescribes the epistemological significance of quantum trajectoriesProvides an authoritative account of the foundations of quantum mechanics vis-à-vis that of the Bohmian mechanicsThe popularity of using the quantum trajectory as a computational tool has exploded over the last decade, finally bringing this methodology to the level of practical applications. Many of the experts in the field who have either developed the methodology or have improved upon it have contributed chapters to this volume, making it a state-of-the-art expression of the field as it exists today and providing insight into the future of this technology.

Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry, Two-Volume Set focuses on the structure and dynamics of systems and phenomena. A new addition to the series Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters, the two books offer chapters written by experts in their fields. They enable readers to learn how concepts from ab initio quantum chemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular simulation can be used to describe, understand, and predict electronic structure, chemical reactivity, and dynamics.The first book focuses on the electronic structure and reactivity of many-electron systems, and the second book deals with the statistical mechanical treatment of collections of such systems. Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Reactivity includes articles on DFT, particularly the functional and conceptual aspects, excited states, molecular electrostatic potentials, intermolecular interactions, general theoretical aspects, application to molecules, clusters and solids, electronic stress, the information theory, the virial theorem, new periodic tables, the role of the ionization potential, electron affinity difference, and more.Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry: Statistical Mechanics includes chapters on time-dependent DFT, quantum fluid dynamics (QFD), photodynamic control, nonlinear dynamics, molecules in laser fields, charge carrier mobility, excitation energy transfer, chemical reactions, quantum Brownian motion, the third law of thermodynamics, transport properties, and nucleation. Although most of the chapters are written at a level that is accessible to a senior graduate student, experienced researchers will also find interesting new insights in these experts’ perspectives. This comprehensive set provides an invaluable guide toward understanding the whole gamut of atoms, molecules, and clusters.

Superhalogens and Superalkalis is a comprehensive volume designed as the go-to resource on the exciting and evolving topics of these special classes of atomic clusters and the acid salt that results from their interactions. The book details how these substances possess not only unusual structures but also unique properties which can be exploited for various applications.Superhalogens’ strong oxidizing capacity, resulting from their high-electron affinity, leads to their applications in the design of superacids, organic superconductors, and ionic liquids. The low ionization energy of superalkalis enables them to act as strong reducing agents, making them useful in the design of superbases and alkalides. Illustrated throughout, this timely book provides an overview of the research and development on these and other aspects of superhalogen and superalkalis.Key features:Offers a basic introduction of superatoms that is accessible for readers to understandIncludes extensive study questions after each chapterProvides a systematic presentation of the existing literature on this increasingly trending topicPresents the latest developments in the field, offering readers state-of-art knowledgeThis book is a key reference guide for graduate students, postdocs, upper-level undergraduate students, academic professionals, and researchers who are interested in this fascinating topic.

Superhalogens and Superalkalis is a comprehensive volume designed as the go-to resource on the exciting and evolving topics of these special classes of atomic clusters and the acid salt that results from their interactions. The book details how these substances possess not only unusual structures but also unique properties which can be exploited for various applications.Superhalogens’ strong oxidizing capacity, resulting from their high-electron affinity, leads to their applications in the design of superacids, organic superconductors, and ionic liquids. The low ionization energy of superalkalis enables them to act as strong reducing agents, making them useful in the design of superbases and alkalides. Illustrated throughout, this timely book provides an overview of the research and development on these and other aspects of superhalogen and superalkalis.Key features:Offers a basic introduction of superatoms that is accessible for readers to understandIncludes extensive study questions after each chapterProvides a systematic presentation of the existing literature on this increasingly trending topicPresents the latest developments in the field, offering readers state-of-art knowledgeThis book is a key reference guide for graduate students, postdocs, upper-level undergraduate students, academic professionals, and researchers who are interested in this fascinating topic.

The application of quantum mechanics to many-particle systems has been an active area of research in recent years as researchers have looked for ways to tackle difficult problems in this area. The quantum trajectory method provides an efficient computational technique for solving both stationary and time-evolving states, encompassing a large area of quantum mechanics. Quantum Trajectories brings the expertise of an international panel of experts who focus on the epistemological significance of quantum mechanics through the quantum theory of motion.Emphasizing a classical interpretation of quantum mechanics as developed by de Bröglie and Bohm, this volume: Introduces the concept of the quantum theory of motionExplains the connection with conventional quantum mechanicsPresents various numerical techniques generated from the Bohmian approachDescribes the epistemological significance of quantum trajectoriesProvides an authoritative account of the foundations of quantum mechanics vis-à-vis that of the Bohmian mechanicsThe popularity of using the quantum trajectory as a computational tool has exploded over the last decade, finally bringing this methodology to the level of practical applications. Many of the experts in the field who have either developed the methodology or have improved upon it have contributed chapters to this volume, making it a state-of-the-art expression of the field as it exists today and providing insight into the future of this technology.

Metal clusters, an intermediate state between molecules and the extended solid, show peculiar bonding and reactivity patterns. Their significance is critical to many areas, including air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. In Aromaticity and Metal Clusters, dozens of international experts explore not only the basic aspects of aromaticity, but also the structures, properties, reactivity, stability, and other consequences of the aromaticity of a variety of metal clusters.Although the concept of aromaticity has been known for nearly two centuries, there is no way to measure it experimentally and no theoretical formula to calculate it. In order to gain insight into its exact nature, the authors of this volume examine various indirect characteristics such as geometrical, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, and reactivity considerations.The book begins by discussing the evolution of aromaticity from benzene to atomic clusters. Next, more specialized chapters focus on areas of significant interest. Topics discussed include: Computational studies on molecules with unusual aromaticityElectronic shells and magnetism in small metal clustersA density functional investigation on the structures, energetics, and properties of sodium clusters through electrostatic guidelines and molecular tailoringThe correlation between electron delocalization and ring currents in all metallic aromatic compoundsPhenomenological shell model and aromaticity in metal clustersRationalizing the aromaticity indexes used to describe the aromatic behavior of metal clusters5f orbital successive aromatic and antiaromatic zones in triangular uranium cluster chemistryThis collection of diverse contributions, composed of the work of scientists worldwide, is destined to not only answer puzzling questions about the nature of aromaticity, but also to provoke further inquiry in the minds of researchers.

The application of quantum mechanics to many-particle systems has been an active area of research in recent years as researchers have looked for ways to tackle difficult problems in this area. The quantum trajectory method provides an efficient computational technique for solving both stationary and time-evolving states, encompassing a large area of quantum mechanics. Quantum Trajectories brings the expertise of an international panel of experts who focus on the epistemological significance of quantum mechanics through the quantum theory of motion.Emphasizing a classical interpretation of quantum mechanics as developed by de Bröglie and Bohm, this volume: Introduces the concept of the quantum theory of motionExplains the connection with conventional quantum mechanicsPresents various numerical techniques generated from the Bohmian approachDescribes the epistemological significance of quantum trajectoriesProvides an authoritative account of the foundations of quantum mechanics vis-à-vis that of the Bohmian mechanicsThe popularity of using the quantum trajectory as a computational tool has exploded over the last decade, finally bringing this methodology to the level of practical applications. Many of the experts in the field who have either developed the methodology or have improved upon it have contributed chapters to this volume, making it a state-of-the-art expression of the field as it exists today and providing insight into the future of this technology.

Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry, Two-Volume Set focuses on the structure and dynamics of systems and phenomena. A new addition to the series Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters, the two books offer chapters written by experts in their fields. They enable readers to learn how concepts from ab initio quantum chemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular simulation can be used to describe, understand, and predict electronic structure, chemical reactivity, and dynamics.The first book focuses on the electronic structure and reactivity of many-electron systems, and the second book deals with the statistical mechanical treatment of collections of such systems. Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Reactivity includes articles on DFT, particularly the functional and conceptual aspects, excited states, molecular electrostatic potentials, intermolecular interactions, general theoretical aspects, application to molecules, clusters and solids, electronic stress, the information theory, the virial theorem, new periodic tables, the role of the ionization potential, electron affinity difference, and more.Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry: Statistical Mechanics includes chapters on time-dependent DFT, quantum fluid dynamics (QFD), photodynamic control, nonlinear dynamics, molecules in laser fields, charge carrier mobility, excitation energy transfer, chemical reactions, quantum Brownian motion, the third law of thermodynamics, transport properties, and nucleation. Although most of the chapters are written at a level that is accessible to a senior graduate student, experienced researchers will also find interesting new insights in these experts’ perspectives. This comprehensive set provides an invaluable guide toward understanding the whole gamut of atoms, molecules, and clusters.