This book provides readers with examples of the synthesis and applications of large molecules and molecular assemblies designed for their unusual shapes or forms, or for some analytical or synthetic purpose. The chapters address the differing concepts of molecules and materials. Numerous references to original literature and to reviews are included. The topic of synthetic dendrimers is presented along with a novel descriptive system (fractal notation), with which complicated but regularly-shaped molecules may be described in a highly condensed fachion. The authors include individuals who have published extensively in the fields of the various chapters. The volume is appropriate as a primary text in a specials topics course in advanced organic or polymer chemistry, or as a supplementary text for these courses or for materials sciences courses. This book should be of interest to advanced graduates and graduate students in chemistry and related disciplines; and academic, industrial and government scientists in organic, inorganic, polymer and physical chemistry, biomedical and material sciences.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book and its counterpart, Active Oxygen in Biochemistry, explore the active research area of the chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen. Complementary but independent, the two volumes integrate subject areas including medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, and environmental studies.

The field of "Oxygen Activation" has attracted considerable interest recently, not only because it presents challenges in those fields of basic research that aim to understand the fundamental aspects of chemical and biological reactions that involve dioxygen, but also because of its wide range of practical implications in such diverse fields as medicine, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, materials science, and atmospheric science. This is the second of two volumes that focus on the subject of oxygen activation, the first slanted toward chemistry and the second toward biological chemistry. We planned these volumes to be more general than many monographs of this sort, not as detailed summaries of the authors' own research but rather as general overviews of the field. Our choice of topics was strongly influenced by our syllabus for a course entitled "Oxygen Chemistry," which two of us have twice taught jointly at UCLA. Definition of important issues, horizons, and future prospects was an important goal, and, although totally comprehensive coverage was not possible, we believe that we have chosen a representative selection of research topics current to the field. We have targeted this work to a diverse audience ranging from professionals in fields from physics to medicine to beginning graduate students who are interested in rapidly acquiring the basics of this field.

The current volume consists of eight chapters which interweave various aspects of the structure, energetics and reactivity of organic free radicals, all combining pedagogical insights with current research. The first is by Walling in which a personalized overview is given by one of the modern pioneers of the discipline. In the next two chapters, Tsang, and Traeger and Kompe, present key thermochemical and kinetic quantities from the complementary vantage points of the studies of neutral and cationic species. The fourth chapter by Francisco and Montgomery discusses the armamentarium of modern theory as applied to species with unpaired electrons, while the next chapter by Goodman presents the theory, methodology and results from photoacoustic calorimetry, a novel and powerful experimental technique. Martinho Simoes and Minas da Piedade interrelate organometallic and free radical chemistry, while Greenberg and Liebman consider resonance energy and rearrangements as applied to small molecules and enzyme cofactors alike. The volume ends with the chapter by Tanko and Suleman, which describes the surprising and diverse solvent effects which modulate free radical chem- istry.This volume will make it apparent to entry-level graduate students and senior researchers alike that much is known and much remains to be done in both the qualitative understanding and quantitative insights of the chemistry of organic free radicals. Jose Artur Martinho Simoes Arthur Greenberg Joel F. Liebman vii Editorial Advisory Board WESTON T. BORDEN ALAN P.

The title of this volume implies a progression of sorts from species of molecular size to a product described on the basis of continuum prop­ erties. The difference in approach from the standpoint of molecular be­ havior, on the one hand-more the forte of chemists-and from the standpoint of large-scale properties, on the other-more the province of chemical engineers and materials scientists-represents a severe cultural divide, but one with much potential for creative input from both sides. Chapter 1 of this volume attempts a broad survey of trends toward the synthesis of large, well-defined molecular systems with interesting physical, chemical, or material properties. Review articles with more de­ tailed treatments are emphasized. In Chapter 2, Newkome and Moore­ field summarize work on synthesis of /I cascade" molecules. Next, Denti, Campagna, and Balzani describe the synthesis of assemblies with con­ nected metal-containing chromophore units which transmit electrons or electronic energy in defined ways. In Chapter 4 Wuest describes the con­ struction of hydrogen-bonded organic networks, and in Chapter 5 Michl defines a molecular-level construction set. Finally, Jaszczak points out how nature's attempts over geological time spans are emulated by recent human synthetic activity in the fullerene arena, through the appearance of various morphologies of natural graphite. The book concludes with a method for describing fractal-like mole­ cules, and an index based on the method for appropriate compounds described in the text.

This book provides readers with examples of the synthesis and applications of large molecules and molecular assemblies designed for their unusual shapes or forms, or for some analytical or synthetic purpose. The chapters address the differing concepts of molecules and materials. Numerous references to original literature and to reviews are included. The topic of synthetic dendrimers is presented along with a novel descriptive system (fractal notation), with which complicated but regularly-shaped molecules may be described in a highly condensed fachion. The authors include individuals who have published extensively in the fields of the various chapters. The volume is appropriate as a primary text in a specials topics course in advanced organic or polymer chemistry, or as a supplementary text for these courses or for materials sciences courses. This book should be of interest to advanced graduates and graduate students in chemistry and related disciplines; and academic, industrial and government scientists in organic, inorganic, polymer and physical chemistry, biomedical and material sciences.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book and its counterpart, Active Oxygen in Biochemistry, explore the active research area of the chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen. Complementary but independent, the two volumes integrate subject areas including medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, and environmental studies.

The field of "Oxygen Activation" has attracted considerable interest recently, not only because it presents challenges in those fields of basic research that aim to understand the fundamental aspects of chemical and biological reactions that involve dioxygen, but also because of its wide range of practical implications in such diverse fields as medicine, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, materials science, and atmospheric science. This is the second of two volumes that focus on the subject of oxygen activation, the first slanted toward chemistry and the second toward biological chemistry. We planned these volumes to be more general than many monographs of this sort, not as detailed summaries of the authors' own research but rather as general overviews of the field. Our choice of topics was strongly influenced by our syllabus for a course entitled "Oxygen Chemistry," which two of us have twice taught jointly at UCLA. Definition of important issues, horizons, and future prospects was an important goal, and, although totally comprehensive coverage was not possible, we believe that we have chosen a representative selection of research topics current to the field. We have targeted this work to a diverse audience ranging from professionals in fields from physics to medicine to beginning graduate students who are interested in rapidly acquiring the basics of this field.

The current volume consists of eight chapters which interweave various aspects of the structure, energetics and reactivity of organic free radicals, all combining pedagogical insights with current research. The first is by Walling in which a personalized overview is given by one of the modern pioneers of the discipline. In the next two chapters, Tsang, and Traeger and Kompe, present key thermochemical and kinetic quantities from the complementary vantage points of the studies of neutral and cationic species. The fourth chapter by Francisco and Montgomery discusses the armamentarium of modern theory as applied to species with unpaired electrons, while the next chapter by Goodman presents the theory, methodology and results from photoacoustic calorimetry, a novel and powerful experimental technique. Martinho Simoes and Minas da Piedade interrelate organometallic and free radical chemistry, while Greenberg and Liebman consider resonance energy and rearrangements as applied to small molecules and enzyme cofactors alike. The volume ends with the chapter by Tanko and Suleman, which describes the surprising and diverse solvent effects which modulate free radical chem- istry.This volume will make it apparent to entry-level graduate students and senior researchers alike that much is known and much remains to be done in both the qualitative understanding and quantitative insights of the chemistry of organic free radicals. Jose Artur Martinho Simoes Arthur Greenberg Joel F. Liebman vii Editorial Advisory Board WESTON T. BORDEN ALAN P.

The title of this volume implies a progression of sorts from species of molecular size to a product described on the basis of continuum prop­ erties. The difference in approach from the standpoint of molecular be­ havior, on the one hand-more the forte of chemists-and from the standpoint of large-scale properties, on the other-more the province of chemical engineers and materials scientists-represents a severe cultural divide, but one with much potential for creative input from both sides. Chapter 1 of this volume attempts a broad survey of trends toward the synthesis of large, well-defined molecular systems with interesting physical, chemical, or material properties. Review articles with more de­ tailed treatments are emphasized. In Chapter 2, Newkome and Moore­ field summarize work on synthesis of /I cascade" molecules. Next, Denti, Campagna, and Balzani describe the synthesis of assemblies with con­ nected metal-containing chromophore units which transmit electrons or electronic energy in defined ways. In Chapter 4 Wuest describes the con­ struction of hydrogen-bonded organic networks, and in Chapter 5 Michl defines a molecular-level construction set. Finally, Jaszczak points out how nature's attempts over geological time spans are emulated by recent human synthetic activity in the fullerene arena, through the appearance of various morphologies of natural graphite. The book concludes with a method for describing fractal-like mole­ cules, and an index based on the method for appropriate compounds described in the text.