Adsorptive Separation Process for Water and Gaseous Air Pollution Control

Dr Tushar K Sen is working as a full Professor in Chemical Engineering of King Faisal University (KFU), Saudi-Arabia since March 2022. Prior to KFU, he worked as an Associate Professor in Western Australia School of Mines (WASM): Minerals, Energy & Chemical Engineering of Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia during 2008 to March 2019 and currently holding the same position as an Adjunct Associate Professor with Curtin University, Perth Australia since April 2019. Also, Dr Sen was a Chemical Engineering Discipline Coordinator and worked as a senior Lecturer in School of Engineering of Edith Cowan University (ECU), Perth, Western Australia, Australia from July 2019-Nov 2021. Prior to joining Curtin, he worked at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia during 2006-2007 and worked with National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela India during 1991-2005. Dr Sen obtained his B.Sc. (Hons) B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering from University of Calcutta, India and Master of Chemical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. He obtained his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, India. He has over 30 years of teaching and research experience in Chemical Engineering & Environmental Engineering. Dr Sen is continuously engaged in undergraduate and post-graduate teaching and learning, supervision, research activities of the Department of Chemical Engineering. Dr Sen has an excellent track record in the broad field of Water, Energy & Environment comprises water and wastewater treatment processes (chemical, physical and biological treatment) including modelling & simulation, produced water Treatment, Biomass based bio surfactant in Chemical Enhanced Oil recovery (CEOR), Adsorption of surfactants at solid/liquid interface, agricultural/industrial solid waste utilization in water treatment, flocculants/coagulating/chemical agents in dewatering, sustainable biomass based adsorbent materials in water treatment, clay minerals/nanomaterials in water treatment, three-phase semi fluidization operation in water treatment and rheology of sludge/crude oil emulsion and in separation processes and Process Design. He has edited three research books on water and industrial wastewater treatment and clay minerals area. Dr Sen served as an Associate Editor of a journal “Adsorption Sci. & Technology” during 2015-2020 and served as an Associate Editor of another journal “Applied Water Science (AWSC) during 2019-2020. He has Guest-edited a Special Issue entitled "Water Pollution Control Using Clay Minerals and Agricultural Biomass-Based Adsorbents" published by Water journal and guest edited another special Issue entitled “Solid/Liquid interface adsorption in water and wastewater treatment” published by Water (ISSN:2073-4441). He has authored over 180 peer-reviewed international publications and a total google-scholar citations of above 14000 in his credits. Few American patents are also in his credits. Dr Sen was leading externally industry funded water engineering research group (more than 2 million dollars) responsible for research project execution. Dr Sen also supervised many higher degrees by research students (Ph.D./MS/M.Phil. /MTech). He is a recipient of the HORN Scholarship-2014, 2012 Japan, “Ganga Ram Memorial Prize (Gold Medal)-2011, 2009” instituted by Institution of Engineers (India), “Certificate of Merit” in 2008 by the Institution of Engineers (India), “Shah-Schulman award, instituted by IIChE, India, and an Australian Academy of Science scientific visit Award-2011 for his outstanding contribution in research. He is also recipient of “University Gold Medal” from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, “Visiting Fellowship” from ANU, Australia, “Visiting Professorship at University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan, Senior Research Fellowship” from MHRD, New Delhi, India, Travel award from AICTE, New Delhi respectively. He is also associate with many professional activities such as a regular reviewer of many international journals, journal editor, journal editorial board members, session chair of international conferences and also life membership of many professional bodies including the IChemE, (U.K.), AIChE, International adsorption society, ARS, Int. Society for Colloid & Interface, Australian Association of Engineering Education, Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, Institution of Engineers (India), Indian Institute of Public Health Engineers, Computer Society of India, Indian Institute of Metals etc. Dr Sen gave many invited talks on adsorption, water and wastewater treatment processes, air pollution in many Universities and in many international conference platforms.

• Author ixPreface xi1 Fundamentals on Adsorption, Significance and Its Application in Water and Air Pollutants Removal.........................................................11.1 Introduction .............................................................................................11.2 Adsorption, Adsorbate, Adsorbent, Absorption, and Desorption 11.3 Classification and Mechanism of Adsorption and Its Application 31.4 Existing Separation Treatment Technologies and the Superiority of Adsorption in Water and Wastewater Treatment 71.5 Factors Affecting the Adsorptive Separation Process 91.5.1 Effect of Solution pH on Solid/Liquid Adsorption Process 101.5.2 Effect of Initial Adsorbate Concentration and Contact Time on Solid/Liquid Adsorption 131.5.3 Effect of Adsorbent Dose on Solid/Liquid Adsorption Process 171.5.4 Effect of Temperature on Solid/Liquid Adsorption Process 201.5.5 Effect of Presence of Salt (Ionic Strength) on Solid/Liquid Adsorption Process 201.6 Air Pollutant Removal by Gas/Solid Adsorption.............................231.7 Regeneration and Reusability of Spent Adsorbents ........................25Bibliography....................................................................................................262 Common Adsorbents, Synthesis Methods, Characterization and Its Application in Water and Air Pollutants Removal by Solid/Liquid Adsorption Process .........................................................................382.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................382.2 Common Adsorbents, Synthesis Methods, and Major Characterization for Adsorption 402.2.1 Activated Carbon ......................................................................402.2.2 Silica Gel..................................................................................... 412.2.3 Aluminosilicate (Molecular Sieves)/Zeolites........................422.2.4 Activated Alumina....................................................................422.2.5 Various Raw and Modified Agricultural Solid Waste‑Based Adsorbents 432.3 State‑of‑the‑Art on the Application of Various Adsorbents in the Removal of Water and Gaseous Pollutants 682.3.1 Agricultural By‑product Solid Waste‑Based Adsorbents....682.3.2 Aquatic and Terrestrial Biomass‑Based Bioadsorbent.........712.3.3 Inorganic Adsorbent Materials ...............................................72Bibliography 773 Adsorption Theory, Kinetics and Mechanistic Models, Mode of Operation, Design Calculations and Application .................................973.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................973.2 Adsorption Theory, Models and Calculations, and applications 983.2.1 Adsorption Equilibria and Calculation of Adsorbed Amount 983.2.2 Surface Complexation Model (SCM) for Adsorption Mechanism 1143.2.3 Development of a SCM for Metal Cation Adsorption (e.g., Ni²+ on Oxide Surface such as Iron Oxide, Fe2O3) (Sen, 2001; Sen et al., 2002; Sen, 2012) 1183.3 Thermodynamics of Batch Adsorption and Parameter Estimation 1253.4 Kinetics of Batch Adsorption and Kinetic Parameters Determination 1313.4.1 Applicability of Various Kinetic Model Equations to Batch Kinetic Experimental Data Set and Determination of Kinetic Parameters and Error Function Analysis 1323.5 Continuous Mode of Adsorption Operation and Design Parameter Calculations 1473.5.1 Laboratory Fixed Bed or Packed Bed Adsorption Experimental Column Design and Procedure, and Column Dynamic Behaviour 1493.5.2 Dynamic Modelling and Column Adsorption Operation Analysis 1513.6 Application of Fixed/Packed Bed vs. Fluidized Bed in Continuous Wastewater Treatment Operation 1563.7 Application of a Gas‑Liquid‑Solid Three‑Phase Semi‑fluidized Bed in Continuous Wastewater Treatment Operation 161Bibliography 163Index 175