Computer-Supported Collaboration

Weidong Huang, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. He received his PhD degree in computer science from the University of Sydney. His research interests are in human-computer interaction, visualization and data science. Mark Billinghurst, PhD, is the Director of the Empathic Computing Laboratory and a Professor at the University of South Australia in Adelaide, Australia, and also at the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand. He conducts research on how virtual and real worlds can be merged, publishing over 650 papers on augmented reality, virtual reality, remote collaboration, empathic computing, and related topics. Leila Alem, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology. She was a principal research scientist at the CSIRO Digital Productivity and Services based in Sydney. Her main focus of research is in the area of human factors in computer mediated collaboration settings. Drawing on cognitive psychology, social science and human-computer-interface research she has investigated the media, cognitive and social factors at play in telepresence systems and environments. Chun Xiao, PhD, is a Research Data Insights Analyst at the University of Technology Sydney. She received her PhD in computer science from Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany. Troels Rasmussen, PhD, was a Faculty Member in the Department of Computer Science at Aarhus University, Denmark, and received his PhD from the same university. His research interests are in augmented reality and human-computer interaction.

• About the Authors xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Remote Collaboration on Physical Tasks 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Remote Collaboration in Perspective 21.3 Book Audience 52 Communication Models for Remote Guidance 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Overview of Communication Models 92.2.1 Linear Communication Models 122.2.2 Nonlinear Communication Models 132.2.3 Summary 182.3 Applying Communication Models 192.4 Communication Behaviors in AR Conferencing 222.5 A Communication Model for AR 322.6 Conclusions 343 Communication Cues in Augmented Remote Collaboration 413.1 Introduction 413.2 The Research Landscape -- Trends Over Time 433.3 Communication in Augmented Remote Collaboration 483.4 Challenges 653.5 Future Directions 673.6 Conclusion 684 Communication Cues for Remote Guidance 814.1 Introduction 814.2 Explicit Communication Cues 844.3 Implicit Communication Cues 1004.4 Challenges and Future Directions 1044.5 Conclusion 1055 Communicating Eye Gaze Cues in Remote Collaboration on Physical Tasks 1155.1 Introduction 1155.2 The Changing Research Landscape -- Research Topic Trends and Teams over the Past Two Decades 1175.3 Categorization of System Setup Based on the Screened Publications 1225.4 Gaze Visualization 1275.5 Functionality of Tracked Gaze in Remote Guidance on Physical Tasks 1305.6 Challenges of Utilizing Eye Tracking in Remote Collaboration 1325.7 Future Directions 1335.8 Conclusion 1356 Evaluating Augmented Reality Remote Guidance Systems 1436.1 Introduction 1436.2 Evaluation Methods for Collaborative AR 1486.3 Case Studies From Example Systems 1526.4 Guidelines 1636.5 Directions for Research 1646.6 Conclusion 1667 Supporting Remote Hand Gestures over the Workspace Video 1737.1 Introduction 1737.2 RelatedWork 1767.3 HandsOnVideo 1777.4 User Testing 1837.5 Discussion 1897.6 Conclusion and Future work 1908 Gesturing in the Air in Supporting Full Mobility 1958.1 Introduction 1958.2 Background 1978.3 System Overview 2008.4 Usability Study 2038.5 Discussion 2098.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Work 2109 Sharing Hand Gesture and Sketch Cues with a Touch User Interface 2159.1 Introduction 2159.2 RelatedWork 2179.3 Methods and Materials 2209.4 Results 2289.5 Discussion 2349.6 Limitations 2379.7 Conclusion 23810 Augmenting Hand Gestures in 3D Mixed Reality 24310.1 Introduction 24310.2 RelatedWork 24510.3 System Overview 24810.4 Evaluation 25310.5 A Comparison of User Ratings between HandsInAir and HandsIn3D 26010.6 Conclusion and Future Work 26211 Supporting Tailorability to Meet Individual Task Needs 26911.1 Introduction 26911.2 Component-Based Design of RemoteAssistKit 27111.3 Identifying Tailorable Aspects of Remote Assistance 27611.4 How Users Tailor Remote Assistance 28111.5 The Importance of Nonverbal Guidance Depends on the Knowledge Relationship 28711.6 Sharing of Machine Sounds Is Important for Remote Troubleshooting 28811.7 High-Resolution Views Are Important for Remote Product Quality Optimization 28911.8 The Manufacturing Context Poses a Challenge for Creating 3D Reconstructions with Depth Cameras 29011.9 Multiple Cameras SupportWorkspace Awareness in Large Industrial Task Spaces 29011.10 Concluding Remarks 29312 Supporting Workspace Awareness with Augmented Reality-Based Multi-camera Visualization and Tracking 29912.1 Introduction 29912.2 Augmented Reality for Supporting Awareness During Multi-camera Remote Assistance 30212.3 Future Research on Multi-camera Remote Assistance 31412.4 Discussion of 2D vs. 3DWorkspace Information 32012.5 Concluding Remarks 32113 Industrial Applications, Current Challenges, and Future Directions 32713.1 Introduction 32713.2 Remote Guidance Systems 32713.3 Technical, Ethical, and Research Challenges and Future Directions 33113.4 Conclusion 338References 339Index 343