Abram de Swaan – författare

The twentieth century was among the bloodiest in the history of humanity. Untold millions were slaughtered. How people are enrolled in the service of evil is a question that continues to bedevil. In this trenchant book, Abram de Swaan offers a taxonomy of mass violence that focuses on the rank-and-file perpetrators, examining how murderous regimes recruit them and create what De Swaan calls the "killing compartments” that make possible the worst abominations without apparent moral misgiving, without a sense of personal responsibility, and, above all, without pity.   De Swaan wonders where extreme violence comes from and where it goes—seemingly without a trace—when the wild and barbaric gore is over. And what about the perpetrators themselves? Are they merely and only the product of external circumstance? Or is there something in their makeup that disposes them to become mass murderers? Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, history, and psychology, De Swaan sheds new light on an urgent and intractable pathology that continues to poison peoples all over the world.

This book is a brief introduction to the study of society, which may be read without any previous knowledge of the social sciences. Each chapter addresses a fundamental question about people in their various arrangements. The book begins by asking: what do people need from one another; what do they need to survive and how do these needs make them dependent upon others? Subsequent chapters deal with the ties that bind people, the expectations they entertain of one another, their means of distinguishing themselves from others, the ways they have of moulding and teaching the young, and what they believe, know and invent. De Swaan also explores the ways in which people organize their activities, from foraging bands of only a few dozen members to contemporary societies that can effectively co-ordinate a billion people or more. Human Societies traces this huge increase in the scale of social life which occurred as new forms of human co-ordination emerged: from reciprocal obligation and collective action, to markets, organizations, and states, and finally, the emerging global level of interdependence.This book will be essential reading for anyone who needs a brief and clear introduction to sociology in its broadest sense; it will be especially valuable to those studying the subject for the first time.

This book is a brief introduction to the study of society, which may be read without any previous knowledge of the social sciences. Each chapter addresses a fundamental question about people in their various arrangements. The book begins by asking: what do people need from one another; what do they need to survive and how do these needs make them dependent upon others? Subsequent chapters deal with the ties that bind people, the expectations they entertain of one another, their means of distinguishing themselves from others, the ways they have of moulding and teaching the young, and what they believe, know and invent. De Swaan also explores the ways in which people organize their activities, from foraging bands of only a few dozen members to contemporary societies that can effectively co-ordinate a billion people or more. Human Societies traces this huge increase in the scale of social life which occurred as new forms of human co-ordination emerged: from reciprocal obligation and collective action, to markets, organizations, and states, and finally, the emerging global level of interdependence.This book will be essential reading for anyone who needs a brief and clear introduction to sociology in its broadest sense; it will be especially valuable to those studying the subject for the first time.

This bold and accessible study of human languages and communication explores issues which are at the forefront of today's globalized society. The human species is divided into more than five thousand language groups that do not understand each other. And yet these groups constitute one coherent world language system, connected by multilingual speakers in a surprisingly powerful way. The chances of a language thriving depend on its position in the system. There are thousands of small, peripheral languages, each connected to one of a hundred central languages. The entire system is held together by one global language: English. A language is a ‘hypercollective' good: the more speakers it has, the higher its communication value for each one of them. Thus, when people think that a language is gaining new speakers, that in itself is a reason for them to want to learn it too. That is why, in an age of globalization, only a few languages remain for transnational communication and these often prevail even in national societies. This important book discusses a number of specific constellations in detail: India, Indonesia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa and the European Union. De Swaan concludes by providing a sober but illuminating view of language policy in multilingual societies. This book will be essential reading for those studying sociology, communication studies and linguistics.

This bold and accessible study of human languages and communication explores issues which are at the forefront of today's globalized society. The human species is divided into more than five thousand language groups that do not understand each other. And yet these groups constitute one coherent world language system, connected by multilingual speakers in a surprisingly powerful way. The chances of a language thriving depend on its position in the system. There are thousands of small, peripheral languages, each connected to one of a hundred central languages. The entire system is held together by one global language: English. A language is a ‘hypercollective' good: the more speakers it has, the higher its communication value for each one of them. Thus, when people think that a language is gaining new speakers, that in itself is a reason for them to want to learn it too. That is why, in an age of globalization, only a few languages remain for transnational communication and these often prevail even in national societies. This important book discusses a number of specific constellations in detail: India, Indonesia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa and the European Union. De Swaan concludes by providing a sober but illuminating view of language policy in multilingual societies. This book will be essential reading for those studying sociology, communication studies and linguistics.

This bold and accessible study of human languages and communication explores issues which are at the forefront of today''s globalized society.

The human species is divided into more than five thousand language groups that do not understand each other. And yet these groups constitute one coherent world language system, connected by multilingual speakers in a surprisingly powerful way. The chances of a language thriving depend on its position in the system. There are thousands of small, peripheral languages, each connected to one of a hundred central languages. The entire system is held together by one global language: English. A language is a ‘hypercollective'' good: the more speakers it has, the higher its communication value for each one of them. Thus, when people think that a language is gaining new speakers, that in itself is a reason for them to want to learn it too. That is why, in an age of globalization, only a few languages remain for transnational communication and these often prevail even in national societies.

This important book discusses a number of specific constellations in detail: India, Indonesia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa and the European Union. De Swaan concludes by providing a sober but illuminating view of language policy in multilingual societies. This book will be essential reading for those studying sociology, communication studies and linguistics.

This book is a brief introduction to the study of society, which may be read without any previous knowledge of the social sciences.

Each chapter addresses a fundamental question about people in their various arrangements. The book begins by asking: what do people need from one another; what do they need to survive and how do these needs make them dependent upon others? Subsequent chapters deal with the ties that bind people, the expectations they entertain of one another, their means of distinguishing themselves from others, the ways they have of moulding and teaching the young, and what they believe, know and invent. De Swaan also explores the ways in which people organize their activities, from foraging bands of only a few dozen members to contemporary societies that can effectively co-ordinate a billion people or more. Human Societies traces this huge increase in the scale of social life which occurred as new forms of human co-ordination emerged: from reciprocal obligation and collective action, to markets, organizations, and states, and finally, the emerging global level of interdependence.

This book will be essential reading for anyone who needs a brief and clear introduction to sociology in its broadest sense; it will be especially valuable to those studying the subject for the first time.

Über die Erfolge der Frauenemanzipation und die Abwehrreaktionen.Das weltweite Bildungsniveau ist im letzten halben Jahrhundert rasant gestiegen, insbesondere bei Mädchen und jungen Frauen. Das hat auch die Beziehungen zwischen Mann und Frau verändert. Frauen heiraten später, bekommen weniger Kinder, arbeiten länger und verdienen mehr.Dieser Zugewinn an Wissen, Einkommen und auch Macht ist für viele Männer schwer zu ertragen. Abram de Swaan zufolge führt dieses relative Schwinden der männlichen Dominanz zu sozialen und psychologischen Spannungen, die auf die Verletzung des männlichen Ehrgefühls zurückzuführen sind: eine kollektive und individuelle narzisstische Kränkung.Der Autor sieht den Aufstieg der extremen Rechten, des christlichen Fundamentalismus und des Dschihadismus als Reaktion auf die weltweite Emanzipation der Frauen, die offenbar von vielen Männern als bedrohlich wahrgenommen wird. Werden diese Bewegungen fortbestehen, oder sind sie ein letztes Aufbäumen des im Untergang befindlichen Patriarchats?

Über die Erfolge der Frauenemanzipation und die Abwehrreaktionen.Das weltweite Bildungsniveau ist im letzten halben Jahrhundert rasant gestiegen, insbesondere bei Mädchen und jungen Frauen. Das hat auch die Beziehungen zwischen Mann und Frau verändert. Frauen heiraten später, bekommen weniger Kinder, arbeiten länger und verdienen mehr.Dieser Zugewinn an Wissen, Einkommen und auch Macht ist für viele Männer schwer zu ertragen. Abram de Swaan zufolge führt dieses relative Schwinden der männlichen Dominanz zu sozialen und psychologischen Spannungen, die auf die Verletzung des männlichen Ehrgefühls zurückzuführen sind: eine kollektive und individuelle narzisstische Kränkung.Der Autor sieht den Aufstieg der extremen Rechten, des christlichen Fundamentalismus und des Dschihadismus als Reaktion auf die weltweite Emanzipation der Frauen, die offenbar von vielen Männern als bedrohlich wahrgenommen wird. Werden diese Bewegungen fortbestehen, oder sind sie ein letztes Aufbäumen des im Untergang befindlichen Patriarchats?

Abram de Swaan har med sin bok Mänskliga samhällen på ett närmast mirakulöst sätt lyckats få ihop en logiskt sammanhängande presentation av olika former för människors samband. I tolv korta och tydliga kapitel beskriver han utan mystifikationer allt vidare cirklar av människors positioner och beroenden av varandra, men även hur människor särskiljer sig från varandra. Utan att fördjupa sig i teoretiska spetsfundigheter ger han en väl motiverad framställning av hur och i vilka situationer människor har kommit att konstruera alltmer komplicerade arrangemang för sin samlevnad. Grundbegreppet är gemenskaper men i övrigt introducerar han elegant en rad av sociologins och samhällsvetenskapens begrepp: från nätverk, roller, stratifiering, makt och socialisation till kollektivt handlande, organisation, stater och globalisering. Boken är ett annorlunda och enligt min mening lyckat försök till en introduktion inte bara till sociologi utan egentligen till allt samhällsvetenskapligt studium. -- Göran Ahrne, professor i sociologi vid Stockholms universitet

An incisive exploration of why acts of mass annihilation take place and how people become mass killersBy historical standards, the early years of the twenty-first century have been remarkably peaceful. Only rarely are people killed by their own kind, and only very, very rarely are they killed by other animals, microorganisms excepted.  Nevertheless, even though the statistics should reassure, many people worry about lone killers, murderous gangs, and terrorist bands. At the same time, most people are vaguely aware that even in this relatively calm era, wars have made countless victims.  Yet mass violence against unarmed civilians has claimed three to four times as many lives in the past century as war: one hundred million at least, and possibly many more. These large-scale killings have required the efforts of hundreds of thousands of perpetrators. Such men (and almost all were males) were ready to kill, indiscriminately, for many hours a day, for days and weeks at a stretch, and sometimes for months or even years.  Unlike common criminals who work outside the mainstream of society, in secret, on their own or with a few accomplices, mass murderers almost always worked in large teams, with full knowledge of the authorities and on their orders.  Without exception, they operated within a supportive social context, most often firmly embedded in the institutions of the ruling regime. Unlike terrorists, the mass murderers usually did not want their deeds to be widely known.  How people are enrolled in the service of evil is a question that lies at the heart of this trenchant book. The subject here is mass annihilation—that is, massive, asymmetric violence at close range, where killers and victims are in direct confrontation. Abram de Swaan offers a taxonomy of mass violence that focuses on the rank-and-file perpetrators, examining how murderous regimes recruit them and create what De Swaan calls the “killing compartments” that make possible the worst abominations without apparent moral misgiving, without a sense of personal responsibility, and, above all, without pity.De Swaan wonders where extreme violence comes from and where it goes—seemingly without a trace—when the wild and barbaric gore is over. And what about the perpetrators themselves? Are they merely and only the product of external circumstance? Or is there something in their makeup that helps them become mass murderers? Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, history, and psychology, De Swaan sheds light on an urgent and seemingly intractable pathology that continues to poison peoples all over the world.