Constantin Stefanou – författare
584 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
First published in 1997. Article 224 is one of the most powerful Articles of the Treaty of Rome, allowing a member state to take unilateral measures and to suspend some or all its Treaty-based obligations in times of what can loosely be described as serious internal turmoil or external threat. It is for this reason that the very next Article of the Treaty, Article 225, allows the Commission or a member state to challenge invocation of Art.224, before the European Court of Justice (ECJ), on grounds of improper use. In practice, the use of Art.224, by a member state presents multiple problems. The obvious connection with defence and security issues has inhibited the ECJ which still has not given and authentic interpretation of this Article. As the recent former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) cases (Greek referral for the embargo on FYROM) indicate, unless the use of Art.224 is blatantly flippant, the ECJ is not in a position to challenge a member state’s unilateral measures.
584 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
First published in 1997. Article 224 is one of the most powerful Articles of the Treaty of Rome, allowing a member state to take unilateral measures and to suspend some or all its Treaty-based obligations in times of what can loosely be described as serious internal turmoil or external threat. It is for this reason that the very next Article of the Treaty, Article 225, allows the Commission or a member state to challenge invocation of Art.224, before the European Court of Justice (ECJ), on grounds of improper use. In practice, the use of Art.224, by a member state presents multiple problems. The obvious connection with defence and security issues has inhibited the ECJ which still has not given and authentic interpretation of this Article. As the recent former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) cases (Greek referral for the embargo on FYROM) indicate, unless the use of Art.224 is blatantly flippant, the ECJ is not in a position to challenge a member state’s unilateral measures.
1 084 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
2 083 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
2 018 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
588 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
772 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
1 417 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
515 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
590 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
913 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
881 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
672 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
696 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
1 156 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
1 253 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
1 253 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
2 542 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
There is little doubt that a series of EU Directives on money laundering and on public procurement have not reduced the incidence of financial crime in public contracts, in banking transactions, or in dealings among the "vulnerable" professions (mainly accountants, lawyers, and notaries). It is the convincingly argued thesis of this book that this failure stems directly from the dependence of these EU Directives on national laws on criminal records. Harmonisation of these laws, the book demonstrates, is not only necessary but urgent.
In eighteen incisive essays, leading European authorities in the field provide in-depth discussion of such elements of the subject as methodologies for collecting criminal records, the authorities maintaining such records, the contents of such records and who has access to them, and conflicts with human rights and privacy legislation. The authors show that these factors and others vary enormously from country to country. They recommend EU initiatives that clearly mandate such specifications as the following:
• efficient exchange of criminal record data among national authorities;• which crimes lead to compulsory exclusion from employment, membership, or participation in banking or public tenders;• the specific types of employment, membership, and participation affected;• erasure period for convictions;• level of access for banks, professional associations, and tendering authorities to criminal records; and• exchange of criminal record data in the framework of EU data protection legislation.Standing as it does at a pressure point where criminal law collides with human rights on the one hand and public contracts on the other, this seminal work has a great deal to offer interested parties in several diverse fields of law and administration. The findings and recommendations of its authors are sure to evoke debate across a broad spectrum of academic, professional, and policymaking endeavour.