Daniel Schroeder – författare

A Choice Outstanding Academic BookIn the decade since President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 into law-amidst promises that it would "end welfare as we know it"-did the reforms ending entitlements and moving toward time limits and work requirements lift Texas families once living on welfare out of poverty, or merely strike their names from the administrative rolls?Under welfare reform, Texas continued with low monthly payments and demanding eligibility criteria. Many families who could receive welfare in other states do not qualify in Texas, and virtually any part-time job makes a family ineligible. In Texas, most families who leave welfare remain in or near poverty, and many are likely to return to the welfare rolls in the future.This compelling work, which follows 179 families after leaving welfare, is set against a backdrop of multiple types of data and econometric modeling. The authors' multi-method approach draws on administrative data from nine programs serving low-income families and a statewide survey of families who have left welfare. Survey data on health problems, transportation needs, and child-care issues shed light on the patterns of employment and welfare use seen in the administrative data. In their lives after welfare, the families chronicled here experience poverty even when employed; a multiplicity of barriers to employment that work to exacerbate one another; and a failing safety net of basic human services as they attempt to sustain low-wage employment.

Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 1,2, University of Rostock, language: English, abstract: People recognize, differentiate, and understand, therefore, categorize ideas and objects in everyday life. Unsurprisingly, linguists classify words. Compounds, for instance, are a part of the human language, and an interesting process of word-formation. 'Is this a compound?' Sometimes linguists are unsure whether certain words are compounds or not. The definition of compounds is important because defining compounds simply as being lexeme[s] whose immediate constituents are representatives of lexemes (Bauer 2005: 105) creates a wide array of borderline cases. Since neo-classical compounds and phrasal compounds, for example, do not consist of two words, it is incorrect to categorize these classes as forms of compounding, according to the definition. This problem can be solved, if one defines a compound as a word that consists of two elements, the first of which is either a root, a word or a phrase, the second of which is either a root or a word (Plag 2003: 135). This definition explains the compound status of the neo-classical compounds because the constituents in these items, such as bio-, are central meaningful elements (bio- has the meaning life ), thus, can be considered as bound roots instead of affixes (see, e.g., Plag 2003: 73). Additionally, Plag s definition demonstrates that phrasal compounds can be classified as compounds because a phrase and either a root or word are joined together to a word in these complex words. Despite the advantages that this definition reveals, demarcation problems cannot be solved and borderline cases still arise regarding English compounds. [W]e must emphasize that these [continuing, D.S.] classification difficulties are [ ] the inevitable result of the fact that phenomena in living languages can rarely be compartmentalized into clearly [ ] distinguishable categories (Schmid 2011: 131). Firstly, this seminar paper will focus on the distinction between compounds and syntagmas and phraseologisms; secondly, the differentiation of compounds compared to other word-formation models that seem to have similar formations (dealing with the classes synthetic and verbal compounds) will be addressed. It will be discussed whether there are criterions that help to provide a sharp boundary between the mentioned processes. Additionally, this seminar paper aims to find solutions for ongoing borderline cases.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Rostock (Institut fur Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: English Lexicology, language: English, abstract: "e;Similarity of meaning is "e;the most important lexical relation"e; in the WordNet model, and, in philosophy, Quine has identified synonymy (along with analyticity) as "e;the primary business of the theory in meaning."e;When writing a text about any topic, one does not want to use the same word every time. Imagine, the task is to write an article about young people. At first, they are called youth, but then the word adolescent is chosen. These two words are known to be synonyms, but it can be shown that words in English cannot have identical meaning and always are different in some way. The question in this example is, whether youth and adolescent are fully interchangeable. They are synonymous, because the OED, for example, defines synonyms as words that have the same general sense[ ] , but they have different shades of meaning or implications appropriate to different contexts[ ] . When thinking about the German erledigen, one finds a lot of words in English that should be considered in a translation, like to attend, to settle, to handle, to do, to finish, to dispatch etc. Some of them are used in different situations or have the same core meaning, but differ in [ ]minor ways, or in emotional and stylistic connotation. This seminar paper will focus on the analysis of synonymous words and sentences. Based on the notion that identity means oneness , it must be understood that a perfectly identical meaning can therefore not exist between two or more synonymous words or sentences. This seminar paper does not aim to prove that words can have the same sense in some cases. It is rather based on the theory that they only have identical meaning, if it is similar in all contexts. This would be valid, if words like youth and adolescent differed only in form. The objective is to show, by using the British National Corpus (BNC) and other thesauruses, what distinctions random synonyms such as these may have and why they cannot be easily interchanged.

Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 3,0, University of Rostock (Institut fur Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Worldly and Imaginary Spaces in American Transcultural Literature, language: English, abstract: In our life everybody asks himself: Who am I? The answers to that question generate everyone's self-perception which will be always part of one's identity. The latter is one of the major themes appealing in Leslie Marmon Silko's "e;Ceremony"e; and this seminar paper will focus on the two characters Tayo and Rocky. They show the problems occurring for persons that are "e;caught between two worlds"e;. Tayo feels ashamed of himself because of his white ancestry. His cousin Rocky, on the other hand, is a full-blood Indian, but does everything to be a part of the "e;white world"e;. Both are somehow caught in the middle because of living in-between. The first part of the paper will focus on demonstrating the development of these two major characters in Ceremony. It is an important section because [in] essence, the individual s actions and character define his identity (Jenlink & Townes 2009: 127). Therefore, to analyze Tayo s and Rocky s identity or search for it, one has to examine their life career and relations with other persons because [ ] a person s identity is [also] influenced by others recognition of that identity [ ] (Jenlink & Townes 2009: 127). This seminar paper will also focus on the similarities and distinctions between the two mentioned characters and the topic identity including the associated term hybridity, for example. The reasons for the accurate analysis of Tayo s and Rocky s characteristics by comparison are their different philosophy of life and searching for identity. Living in a reservation unfolds a unique way of life which differs from the lifestyle of the White s. Therefore, it creates further hurdles for Tayo and Rocky, but [this] search for identity [ ] is a social as well as an individual problem. The kind of answers one gives to the question Who am I? depends in part upon how one answers the question What is this society? - and this world - in which we live (Lynn 1999: 14)? One has to be able to define his position in the world. This is why this topic also represents a problem of today s people. There are still humans that are caught between two worlds because they are of mixed descend and were unsuccessful in the search for the sense of belonging. The reasons are sometimes the same like 50 years ago.

This book contains a novel combination of experimentaland model-based investigations, elucidating the complex processes inside zincair batteries. The work presented helps to answer which battery composition andwhich air-composition should be adjusted to maintain stable and efficientcharge/discharge cycling.In detail, electrochemical investigations and X-raytransmission tomography are applied on button cell zinc air batteries andin-house set-ups. Moreover, model-based investigations of the battery anode andthe impact of relative humidity, active operation, carbon dioxide and oxygen onzinc air battery operation are presented. Thetechniques used in this work complement each other well and yield an unprecedented understanding of zinc airbatteries. The methods applied are adaptable and can potentially be applied togain further understanding of other metal air batteries.