Gideon M. Kressel – författare

The Desert Experience in Israel shares the responses of settlers, artists, poets, scientists, and educators who lived near the Blaustein Institute in the Negev Desert of Israel as they answer the question, "What difference has living in the desert year round made in your work?"The book begins with a reprint of David Ben-Gurion's call for settlement and science in the desert. This is followed by an account of life in early kibbutzim, a discussion of the meaning of the term "desert," accounts of religion in the desert, and the relationship of the desert experience to art, theatre, literature, poetry, sculpture, and the use of color categories by the Bedouin. Accounts of research on solar energy, fossil fuel, water, microalgae, runoff agriculture, fish, and architecture are followed by desert-related activities in the high school, field school, and research institute.

The Desert Experience in Israel shares the responses of settlers, artists, poets, scientists, and educators who lived near the Blaustein Institute in the Negev Desert of Israel as they answer the question, "What difference has living in the desert year round made in your work?"The book begins with a reprint of David Ben-Gurion''s call for settlement and science in the desert. This is followed by an account of life in early kibbutzim, a discussion of the meaning of the term "desert," accounts of religion in the desert, and the relationship of the desert experience to art, theatre, literature, poetry, sculpture, and the use of color categories by the Bedouin. Accounts of research on solar energy, fossil fuel, water, microalgae, runoff agriculture, fish, and architecture are followed by desert-related activities in the high school, field school, and research institute.

Addresses how shepherding communities in Israel and the Middle East might be preserved.Examining the crucial problems confronting present-day livestock breeders, principally Bedouin and Jews in Israel, but also pastoral nomads in neighboring Middle Eastern countries, Let Shepherding Endure proposes new ways for these governments to enhance and sustain the long-term future development of shepherding communities. Adopting a broad historical and anthropological perspective on the topic, and assessing various pastoral relief programs, Kressel proposes an alternative program whereby the region's states would promote a brand of pastoralism that preserves rangeland herding while keeping in step with the contemporary cultural and political context. This truly visionary set of recommendations would have several dividends, especially for the Bedouin: their cultural legacy, in danger of obsolescence, would be preserved while at the same time enhancing both their pastoral skills and ability to secure a livelihood from herding.

After introducing the dramaturgical perspectives by drawing on insights from anthropology, sociology, and the theater, the contributors give examples of enactments for which the persons involved were quite conscious of the fact that they must first establish a stage, or action area, before they could perform. As in theater, the setting of the stage has implicit meanings and actions will then become explicit as the drama unfolds. In Part I of the book, the accounts of the early kibbutzniks who needed an action area for their collective agricultural settlements, the new settlers who wish to reclaim Judea and Samaria, and the African-Americans who discovered that Israel was at the intersection of Hebrew and African traditions, provide variations on this theme.Part II details varieties of enactments that have and possibly will take place in Israel, including an account of Ethiopian youths who experienced their crossing of the Sudan on their way to Israel to participate in the events of the Millennium. Other accounts of social dramas describe the sulha, the traditional Bedouin method of the resolution of a blood feud between Bedouin tribes, and the religious pilgrimmages by Jews, Arabs, and Christians to holy sites where they sometimes reenact a past event.

On evaluating dreams as the most important source of information concerning the unconscious, we are to bear in mind the contemporary cultural conscience that effect both the capacity of dreams and their interpretation. Dreams reflect memorized occurrences that have an impact on peoples psyche. Although human minds are shaped alike and dreams may occur, confronting them with a self-same manner, the analysis of dreaming materials and the sense given to dreams are culturally varied. It is the cultural accent tested at a Middle Eastern society that promotes the appearance of elderly men while conceals speaking on the presence of women (mothers or others) in dreams. Assimilation of the fundamental insight causing psychic life is founded on two poles, maternal and paternal. It is the accent of cultural life that differentiates estimation of the image of each parent when appearing in dreams; whether the first or the second is left largely unobserved, the other obliges a perceiving attention. Primordial images of The Great Mother find an outward expression in the ritual, mythology and art of early man. Revealing in track of The Golden Bough of J. G. Frazer, present-day accounts of dreams evince its relevance in tackling with modern mans dreams. We call attention to selective concerns with Great Fathers appearing in dreams, a pattern born in mind following the ancient matriarchal era, that causes an avoidance of talk of dreams engaging the visit of mothers in dreamers minds.

The authors provide a comprehensive picture of burial, mourning rituals, commemoration practices and veneration of the dead among the Negev Bedouin. A primary emphasis is the pivotal linkages between the living and the dead embodied in the intermediary role of healers, sorcerers, seers and other arbitrators between heaven and earth, who supplicate -- publicly and privately -- at the gravesite of chosen awliyah (deceased saints). This book brings together integrated findings of three scholars, based on decades of field work that combine close to 65 years of scrutiny. It maps out the locations and particularities of venerated tombs, the identity of the occupants and their individual abilities vis-a-vis the Almighty. Attitudes, beliefs and customs surrounding each gravesite, when combined on a longitudinal scale, reveal changes over time in beliefs and practices in grave worship and burial, mourning and condolence customs. Analysis of the data reveals that the dynamic of grave worship among the Negev Bedouin throws light on ancient traditions in a complex relationship with mainstream Islamic doctrine and the impact of modernity on Bedouin conduct and belief. The authors' observations and interviews with practitioners about their beliefs are compared and augmented with references that exist in the professional literature, including grave worship elsewhere in the Arab world. The Charm of Graves is essential reading for anthropologists, scholars of the sociology of religion, and students of Islam at university and popular levels. The topic has received only marginal attention in existing anthropological works and has been keenly awaited.

The authors provide a comprehensive picture of burial, mourning rituals, commemoration practices and veneration of the dead among the Negev Bedouin. A primary emphasis is the pivotal linkages between the living and the dead embodied in the intermediary role of healers, sorcerers, seers and other arbitrators between heaven and earth, who supplicate -- publicly and privately -- at the gravesite of chosen awliyah (deceased saints). This book brings together integrated findings of three scholars, based on decades of field work that combine close to 65 years of scrutiny. It maps out the locations and particularities of venerated tombs, the identity of the occupants and their individual abilities vis-a-vis the Almighty. Attitudes, beliefs and customs surrounding each gravesite, when combined on a longitudinal scale, reveal changes over time in beliefs and practices in grave worship and burial, mourning and condolence customs. Analysis of the data reveals that the dynamic of grave worship among the Negev Bedouin throws light on ancient traditions in a complex relationship with mainstream Islamic doctrine and the impact of modernity on Bedouin conduct and belief. The authors' observations and interviews with practitioners about their beliefs are compared and augmented with references that exist in the professional literature, including grave worship elsewhere in the Arab world. The Charm of Graves is essential reading for anthropologists, scholars of the sociology of religion, and students of Islam at university and popular levels. The topic has received only marginal attention in existing anthropological works and has been keenly awaited.