Hillel Rapoport – författare

The worldwide race to attract talents is getting tougher. The US has been leading the race, with its ability to attract PhD candidates and graduates not only from emerging countries, but also from the European Union. However, a growing number of countries have adopted immigration policies specifically aimed at selecting and attracting skilled workers. This book describes the global competition to attract talents. It focuses in particular on two phenomena: the braingain and brain drain associated with high-skilled migration.Part I provides an overview of immigration policies designed to draw in skilled workers. It describes the economic gains associated with skilled immigration in the destination countries and the main determinants of the inflows of skilled immigrants (such as wage premia on education and R&D spending). It also discusses why skill-selective immigration policies do not find more support in receiving countries and shows that interest groups are actively engaged in affecting policies towardsskilled migrants. Part II examines the consequences of brain drain for the sending countries. It reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries and looks at remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects that may compensate the sendingcountries for their loss of human capital. Contrary to traditional wisdom, the results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration.

The worldwide race to attract talents is getting tougher. The US has been leading the race, with its ability to attract PhD candidates and graduates not only from emerging countries, but also from the European Union. However, a growing number of countries have adopted immigration policies specifically aimed at selecting and attracting skilled workers. This book describes the global competition to attract talents. It focuses in particular on two phenomena: the brain gain and brain drain associated with high-skilled migration. Part I provides an overview of immigration policies designed to draw in skilled workers. It describes the economic gains associated with skilled immigration in the destination countries and the main determinants of the inflows of skilled immigrants (such as wage premia on education and R&D spending). It also discusses why skill-selective immigration policies do not find more support in receiving countries and shows that interest groups are actively engaged in affecting policies towards skilled migrants. Part II examines the consequences of brain drain for the sending countries. It reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries and looks at remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects that may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital. Contrary to traditional wisdom, the results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration.

This volume is a collection of papers dedicated to the memory of the late Tikva Lecker. Professor Lecker's many interests included topics in labor economics, women and the economy, the economics of Judaism, the economics of migration and every aspect of the economic experience of immigrants and their descendants. Each chapter in this volume honors the memory of Professor Lecker by presenting research on a topic in which she was especially interested. "The Research in Labor Economics" series was started in 1977. Each volume consists of a collection of refereed research papers written by top economists. Recent volumes have hosted papers from D. Acemoglu, J.D. Angrist, D. Card, H. Farber, A. Kreuger, E. Lazear, G. Field, and J. Mincer, among others.

La question de l’immigration fait partie des grands débats publics de la France d’aujourd’hui. Ce débat est d’autant plus vif qu’il a été ranimé, d’une part, par la « crise des migrants » que connaît actuellement l’Europe et, d’autre part, par les attentats qui ont récemment endeuillé notre pays. Si la question de l’immigration se pose avant tout en termes d’identité et de sécurité, sa dimension économique n’est pas à négliger : elle conditionne les perspectives d’intégration des immigrés présents sur le territoire national, ainsi que les degrés d’ouverture ou de fermeture auxquels seront confrontés les immigrants de demain.Le constat que fait ce livre est le suivant. Depuis la fin des Trente Glorieuses, et malgré sa tradition d’asile et d’accueil, la France a voulu réduire une immigration qu’elle a perçue comme un « problème » ; ce faisant, elle a accueilli une proportion d’immigrants non qualifiés plus forte que les autres pays ; les à priori négatifs des Français vis-à-vis de l’immigration s’en sont trouvés renforcés, et leurs attentes à l’égard de politiques d’immigration restrictives, renforcées. La France s’est ainsi enfermée dans un cercle vicieux : faible taille, faible qualification et faible diversité de son immigration l’empêchent de tirer parti des bénéfices économiques qu’une immigration plus importante, mieux sélectionnée sur la base de l’éducation et des qualifications, et originaire d’un champ géographique plus large et plus varié que l’ancien champ colonial, pourrait lui apporter.Nous devons donc repenser notre politique d’immigration en nous inspirant des résultats de la recherche et des expériences de pays disposant d’une immigration plus qualifiée et plus diversifiée, plus large et plus consensuelle à la fois.