The manuscript for Rivall Friendship was first acquired by the Newberry Library in 1937. At the time of the acquisition, the author of this seventeenth-century romance was anonymous. Scholar Jean R. Brink now suggests, based on dating of the manuscript and her analysis of its feminist themes, that the author was a woman. Specifically, Brink attributes the text to Bridget Manningham, who was the older sister of Thomas Manningham, a Jacobean and Caroline bishop, and the granddaughter of John Manningham, a diarist who recorded performances of Shakespeare’s plays. Rivall Friendship is a post–English Civil War romance that examines proto-feminist issues, such as patriarchal dominance in the family and marriage. Manningham is scrupulous about maintaining verisimilitude, and unlike more fantastical romances of the period that feature monsters, giants, and magic, this text aspires to a level of probability in its historical and geographical details. The text of Rivall Friendship is accessible to most modern readers, particularly to students and scholars accustomed to working with seventeenth-century texts.

Scholarly traditions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have led us to assume that national traditions were defining in a way that they may not have been during the Renaissance, when Latin remained an international language. This collection interrogates the historical importance of national traditions, many of which depend upon geographical boundaries that took their shape only after the emergence of the nation state in the modern period. In a seminal essay on Scottish literature, R.D.S. Jack delineates the problems of defining a national literature. Zirka Zaremba Filipczak traces connections between Italy and The Netherlands while Jozef Ijsewijn examines the use of Italian models by neo-Latin authors and Francis M. Higman offers a preliminary study of European translations of Reformation authors. Paul W. Knoll reminds us that the division between western and eastern Europe dates from this century by demonstrating the impact of Italian humanism on Polish universities. Divisions among disciplines are also challenged by the contributors to this volume. Arthur F. Kinney brilliantly shows that literature is enriched by an understanding of historical and political texts. Jacqueline L. Glomski questions the division between historiography and art while Howard Mayer Brown indicates the importance of literary concepts such as rhetoric and genre for the Italian madrigal, and Norman K. Farmer, Jr, of theological texts for interpreting poetry. Minna Skafte Jensen traces the impact of a major reformer on some Danish poets. Conceptual forms of internationality are explored in essays by Bart Westerweel on time, Bruce P. Lenman on geography, and Karen Skovgaard-Petersena and Karin Tilmans on historiography. Taken together, the essays in this volume offer a compelling and persuasive justification for an interdisciplinary and international aproach to the study of Renaissance culture.

Scholarly traditions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have led us to assume that national traditions were defining in a way that they may not have been during the Renaissance, when Latin remained an international language. This collection interrogates the historical importance of national traditions, many of which depend upon geographical boundaries that took their shape only after the emergence of the nation state in the modern period. In a seminal essay on Scottish literature, R.D.S. Jack delineates the problems of defining a national literature. Zirka Zaremba Filipczak traces connections between Italy and The Netherlands while Jozef Ijsewijn examines the use of Italian models by neo-Latin authors and Francis M. Higman offers a preliminary study of European translations of Reformation authors. Paul W. Knoll reminds us that the division between western and eastern Europe dates from this century by demonstrating the impact of Italian humanism on Polish universities. Divisions among disciplines are also challenged by the contributors to this volume. Arthur F. Kinney brilliantly shows that literature is enriched by an understanding of historical and political texts. Jacqueline L. Glomski questions the division between historiography and art while Howard Mayer Brown indicates the importance of literary concepts such as rhetoric and genre for the Italian madrigal, and Norman K. Farmer, Jr, of theological texts for interpreting poetry. Minna Skafte Jensen traces the impact of a major reformer on some Danish poets. Conceptual forms of internationality are explored in essays by Bart Westerweel on time, Bruce P. Lenman on geography, and Karen Skovgaard-Petersena and Karin Tilmans on historiography. Taken together, the essays in this volume offer a compelling and persuasive justification for an interdisciplinary and international aproach to the study of Renaissance culture.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

The manuscript for Rivall Friendship was first acquired by the Newberry Library in 1937. At the time of the acquisition, the author of this seventeenth-century romance was anonymous. Scholar Jean R. Brink now suggests, based on dating of the manuscript and her analysis of its feminist themes, that the author was a woman. Specifically, Brink attributes the text to Bridget Manningham, who was the older sister of Thomas Manningham, a Jacobean and Caroline bishop, and the granddaughter of John Manningham, a diarist who recorded performances of Shakespeare’s plays. Rivall Friendship is a post–English Civil War romance that examines proto-feminist issues, such as patriarchal dominance in the family and marriage. Manningham is scrupulous about maintaining verisimilitude, and unlike more fantastical romances of the period that feature monsters, giants, and magic, this text aspires to a level of probability in its historical and geographical details. The text of Rivall Friendship is accessible to most modern readers, particularly to students and scholars accustomed to working with seventeenth-century texts.

Scholarly traditions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have led us to assume that national traditions were defining in a way that they may not have been during the Renaissance, when Latin remained an international language. This collection interrogates the historical importance of national traditions, many of which depend upon geographical boundaries that took their shape only after the emergence of the nation state in the modern period. In a seminal essay on Scottish literature, R.D.S. Jack delineates the problems of defining a national literature. Zirka Zaremba Filipczak traces connections between Italy and The Netherlands while Jozef Ijsewijn examines the use of Italian models by neo-Latin authors and Francis M. Higman offers a preliminary study of European translations of Reformation authors. Paul W. Knoll reminds us that the division between western and eastern Europe dates from this century by demonstrating the impact of Italian humanism on Polish universities. Divisions among disciplines are also challenged by the contributors to this volume. Arthur F. Kinney brilliantly shows that literature is enriched by an understanding of historical and political texts. Jacqueline L. Glomski questions the division between historiography and art while Howard Mayer Brown indicates the importance of literary concepts such as rhetoric and genre for the Italian madrigal, and Norman K. Farmer, Jr, of theological texts for interpreting poetry. Minna Skafte Jensen traces the impact of a major reformer on some Danish poets. Conceptual forms of internationality are explored in essays by Bart Westerweel on time, Bruce P. Lenman on geography, and Karen Skovgaard-Petersena and Karin Tilmans on historiography. Taken together, the essays in this volume offer a compelling and persuasive justification for an interdisciplinary and international aproach to the study of Renaissance culture.

Scholarly traditions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have led us to assume that national traditions were defining in a way that they may not have been during the Renaissance, when Latin remained an international language. This collection interrogates the historical importance of national traditions, many of which depend upon geographical boundaries that took their shape only after the emergence of the nation state in the modern period. In a seminal essay on Scottish literature, R.D.S. Jack delineates the problems of defining a national literature. Zirka Zaremba Filipczak traces connections between Italy and The Netherlands while Jozef Ijsewijn examines the use of Italian models by neo-Latin authors and Francis M. Higman offers a preliminary study of European translations of Reformation authors. Paul W. Knoll reminds us that the division between western and eastern Europe dates from this century by demonstrating the impact of Italian humanism on Polish universities. Divisions among disciplines are also challenged by the contributors to this volume. Arthur F. Kinney brilliantly shows that literature is enriched by an understanding of historical and political texts. Jacqueline L. Glomski questions the division between historiography and art while Howard Mayer Brown indicates the importance of literary concepts such as rhetoric and genre for the Italian madrigal, and Norman K. Farmer, Jr, of theological texts for interpreting poetry. Minna Skafte Jensen traces the impact of a major reformer on some Danish poets. Conceptual forms of internationality are explored in essays by Bart Westerweel on time, Bruce P. Lenman on geography, and Karen Skovgaard-Petersena and Karin Tilmans on historiography. Taken together, the essays in this volume offer a compelling and persuasive justification for an interdisciplinary and international aproach to the study of Renaissance culture.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.

Brink’s provocative biography shows that Spenser was not the would-be court poet whom Karl Marx’s described as ‘Elizabeth’s arse-kissing poet’. In this readable and informative account, Spenser is depicted as the protégé of a circle of London clergymen, who expected him to take holy orders. Brink shows that the young Spenser was known to Alexander Nowell, author of Nowell’s Catechism and Dean of St. Paul’s. Significantly revising the received biography, Brink argues that that it was Harvey alone who orchestrated Familiar Letters (1580). He used this correspondence to further his career and invented the portrait of Spenser as his admiring disciple. Contextualising Spenser’s life by comparisons with Shakespeare and Sir Walter Ralegh, Brink shows that Spenser shared with Sir Philip Sidney an allegiance to the early modern chivalric code. His departure for Ireland was a high point, not an exile.