Leslie Armour – författare
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Häftad, Engelska, 1993
182 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The wager fragment in Blaise Pascal’s Penseés opens with the phrase "infini rien"—"infinite nothing"—which is meant to describe the human condition. Pascal was responding to what was, even in the seventeenth century, becoming a pressing human problem: we seem to be able to know much about the world but less about ourselves.The traditional European view of human beings as creatures made in the image of God and potentially capable of a mystical union with God was increasingly confounded by the difficulty of finding God in nature. Despite his own scientific work, however, Pascal argued that if one does not know whether or not God exists, one should bet that he does: if one is right the rewards are infinitely good and, if one is wrong, what one has lost is, by comparison, utterly trivial.The argument behind this wager is one of the most celebrated—and disputed—in the history of philosophy. It has been seen in terms of the calculus of probabilities, as a piece of religious apologetic, as an event in the religious and psychological life of Pascal himself, and as an event in the life of the Jansenist movement and its various expressions at Port-Royal.In this book, Leslie Armour explores the underlying logic of ideas brought to the surface by the intersection of two philosophical lines of thought. He shows that Pascal had come to philosophy by way of two particular strands of Platonism, one strongly mystical, associated with the founder of the French Oratorian order, Pierre de Bérulle, and the other the Augustinian Platonism associated with Duvergier de Hauranne and Cornelius Jansen. At the same time Pascal was engaged in an internal struggle with skepticism. While he agreed that it is difficult to find God in physical nature, he disagreed with the claim that we know nothing of nature. The problem is that the human being is both infinite and nothing.Thus, Armour locates Pascal’s wager within the confluence of a vital neo-Platonism and an intellectually powerful skepticism. He concludes that even today, "If we must act and cannot know enough, we must bet.
Häftad, Engelska, 2004
453 kr
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The central concern of Inference and Persuasion is logic and how becoming better informed about logic ultimately brings more autonomy to thinkers. Part one considers the relationships between reasoning, thought and the world. Becoming clearer about the nature of reasoning, the book stresses, helps to free us. But the logic one chooses must be defended as much as any other body of belief. Unlike standard critical thinking texts, Inference and Persuasion investigates the problems involved in such justifications. Part two is devoted to a consideration of standard logics, including Aristotle’s and modern mathematical, as well as lesser known logics such John Dewey’s and Hegel’s. The goal is to show that the problems of logic are alive and well, not long-settled. Part three discusses how logic and belief relate to one another and offers a non-traditional perspective on the traditional fallacies. The final section considers logic within the context of various academic disciplines. A key point is to show that the ways in which we reason about the world presuppose much about that world.