Markus Gangl – författare

The Oxford Handbook of Social Stratification brings together leading experts to demonstrate the value of stratification research for sociology's past and future as a population science. In an era of profound transformation, characterized by growing inequalities, political unrest, technological disruption, demographic changes, and global crises, the need for rigorous scholarship on social stratification is crucial. This Handbook provides a forward-looking overview, illustrating how the field remains grounded in its scholarly roots while expanding to address contemporary social inequality dynamics.With historical insights, analytical precision, and methodological rigor, the Handbook serves as both a comprehensive field assessment and a roadmap for future research. Part I covers core concepts such as social class, gender, race, education, and life course analysis. Part II offers state-of-the-art research insights on social mobility, family dynamics, education and labor markets, migration, discrimination, and policy, connecting these to classical sociological questions. Part III explores future research directions, incorporating innovations from behavioral and cognitive sciences, sociogenomics, cultural analysis, and responses to global crises. Broad, cohesive, and accessible, the volume is an indispensable resource for scholars, students, and anyone interested in understanding the construction, maintenance, and challenge of social hierarchies and their impact on shaping 21st-century societies.

European unification represents major challenges to national institutional frameworks as well as significant pressures for institutional convergence. So far, labour markets have actually seen relatively little convergence, and national institutions have remained highly distinct. Against this background, the book provides an encompassing comparative analysis of school-to-work transitions in EU member states. It shows how differences in both European education and training systems, as well as labour market institutions, generated significant variation in the experiences of young people entering European labour markets during the 1990s. This book compiles an integrated series of comparative empirical analyses of education-to-work transitions across the EU by drawing on the European Labour Force Surveys. Individual chapters describe the educational background of young people entering the labour market, address the scope of educational expansion in recent decades, and chart basic structures of transition processes in European labour markets. Chapters not only examine the role of education for successful labour market integration, but also the impact of macroeconomic, structural, and institutional factors on young people's chances of avoiding unemployment and attaining employment in occupations appropriate to their education and training. From these analyses it becomes apparent that the structure of education and training systems is the key institutional factor behind successful youth labour market integration. At the level of intermediate skills, dual systems of training have retained their advantages in terms of reduced youth unemployment. High levels of education still constitute a key asset, for, despite significant educational expansion in recent decades, devaluation trends have been limited. As youth labour markets are found to be particularly responsive to macroeconomic conditions, however, macroeconomic stability turns out to be an equally important predicament to successful youth labour market integration, in particular among those with low levels of education.

The study provides a comparative empirical analysis of the dynamics of unemployment in the United States and West Germany. Based on longitudinal data and recent microeconometric methods, the analysis discusses different explanations for both the higher inflow into as well as the higher outflow from unemployment common in the United States. Despite cross-national differences in terms of the skill distribution and patterns of economic restructuring across industries and occupations, the study stresses institutional explanations for the observed country differences. Most importantly, more flexible U.S. labor markets contribute to higher labor turnover, resulting in both lower levels of job security, higher vacancy levels in external labor markets, and higher competitiveness of unemployed job seekers. Unemployment insurance, in turn, has only small effects on unemployment duration, yet contributes to smaller scar effects of unemployment among German workers.