Peter Schaber – författare

While the importance of consent has been discussed widely over the last few decades, interest in its study has received renewed attention in recent years, particularly regarding medical treatment, clinical research and sexual acts. The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Consent is an outstanding reference source to this exciting subject and the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into five main parts:• General questions• Normative ethics• Legal theory• Medical ethics• Political philosophy.Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including: the nature and normative importance of consent, paternalism, exploitation and coercion, privacy, sexual consent, consent and criminal law, informed consent, organ donation, clinical research, and consent theory of political obligation and authority.The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Consent is essential reading for students and researchers in moral theory, applied ethics, medical ethics, philosophy of law and political philosophy. This volume will also be very useful for those in related fields, such as political science, law, medicine and social science.

While the importance of consent has been discussed widely over the last few decades, interest in its study has received renewed attention in recent years, particularly regarding medical treatment, clinical research and sexual acts. The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Consent is an outstanding reference source to this exciting subject and the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into five main parts:• General questions• Normative ethics• Legal theory• Medical ethics• Political philosophy.Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including: the nature and normative importance of consent, paternalism, exploitation and coercion, privacy, sexual consent, consent and criminal law, informed consent, organ donation, clinical research, and consent theory of political obligation and authority.The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Consent is essential reading for students and researchers in moral theory, applied ethics, medical ethics, philosophy of law and political philosophy. This volume will also be very useful for those in related fields, such as political science, law, medicine and social science.

Requests can sometimes create reasons for action, and sometimes obligations. Request norms explain their reason-giving force, as being able to create reasons for others is valuable for us.In this book, Peter Schaber explores the normative force of requests. The epistemic view holds that by informing the requestees of what the requester desires, the requester may draw the requestee's attention to an already existing reason to comply with the request. In contrast, Schaber argues that requests themselves possess normative force if certain conditions are met. Requests create reasons for the requestee to honor if and only if the requested act is good or at least not sufficiently bad, and if it is good to take the request as a reason for action.In some cases, requests do not merely create reasons but impose obligations. Requests can create obligations even though the requester does not intend to impose an obligation on the requestee, unlike in the case of an order, where the prescriber communicates the intention to impose an obligation on the addressee of the order. Whether a request creates reasons or obligations is determined by request norms, which can be framed as follows: “If and because A asks B to do x, B has a reason to do x”. The request might trigger an obligation, thus imposing an obligation on B to honor the request. Alternatively, the reason might not trigger an obligation, and thus B is not obliged to honor the request.Request norms hold if and because it is valuable to follow. Certain requests are not reason-giving because it would not be valuable for us if they were, but the practice of making requests is essential for living respectfully with others.

At the centre of the metaethical debate that took off from G.E. Moore's Principia Ethica (1903) was his critique of ethical naturalism. While Moore's own arguments against ethical naturalism find little acceptance these days, an alternative ground for thinking that ethical properties and facts could not be natural has gained prominence: No natural account can be given of normativity. This collection contains original essays from both sides of the debate. Representing a wide range of metaethical views, the authors develop diverse accounts of normativity and discuss what it means for a concept to be natural. Contributions are by Norbert Anwander, David Copp, Neil Roughley, Peter Schaber, Thomas Schmidt, Tatjana Tarkian, and Theo van Willigenburg.

Haben wir eine moralische Pflicht, unsere Organe postmortal zu spenden? Oder handelt es sich dabei lediglich um einen Akt, der zwar wünschenswert, aber nicht gefordert ist? Und wie soll die Organspende geregelt werden? Soll man sich an der Zustimmungs- oder an der Widerspruchslösung orientieren und was genau sehen diese Regelungen jeweils vor? Und welche Rolle im Entscheidungsprozess soll den hinterbliebenen Angehörigen zukommen? Schaber argumentiert dafür, dass wir eine moralische Pflicht haben, unsere Organe postmortal zur Verfügung zu stellen, und dass die Organentnahme nach Maßgabe einer von ihm sogenannten ‚Erklärungslösung‘ geregelt werden sollte: Der Staat müsste die Bürger*innen regelmäßig darauf hinweisen, sich zur Organspende zu äußern, falls keine Bereitschaft zur Organentnahme vorliegt.