Robert Dygas – författare

This book analyses the most recent trends in Foreign Direct Investment from the major Asian economies to the EU, focusing on China and Japan’s FDIs in the EU, and Poland in particular. The authors assert that, from a European perspective, there is a strong need for further Asian FDIs into EU nations, which will establish mutual benefits.This is the first book to explore the outflow of FDI from Asian nations to other countries, especially to EU member states, whereas the extant literature focuses on the inflow of FDI to Asian nations. The authors analyse a multidimensional range of issues, covering macroeconomics, finance, technology, and examine the governments, local authorities, and institutions that support such investments. FDI has an instrumental role in the development of host countries. Large-scale capital flow becomes a vehicle for providing foreign technology, knowledge, skills, and other inputs for the integration with international marketing, production, and distribution networks and for improving the economic competitiveness of firms and economic performance of the host country.The analysis in the book is presented using statistical and econometrical approaches, emphasising a profound level of investigation, which will be particularly useful for graduate and PhD students of International Economics, Business and Trade.

This book analyses the most recent trends in Foreign Direct Investment from the major Asian economies to the EU, focusing on China and Japan’s FDIs in the EU, and Poland in particular. The authors assert that, from a European perspective, there is a strong need for further Asian FDIs into EU nations, which will establish mutual benefits.This is the first book to explore the outflow of FDI from Asian nations to other countries, especially to EU member states, whereas the extant literature focuses on the inflow of FDI to Asian nations. The authors analyse a multidimensional range of issues, covering macroeconomics, finance, technology, and examine the governments, local authorities, and institutions that support such investments. FDI has an instrumental role in the development of host countries. Large-scale capital flow becomes a vehicle for providing foreign technology, knowledge, skills, and other inputs for the integration with international marketing, production, and distribution networks and for improving the economic competitiveness of firms and economic performance of the host country.The analysis in the book is presented using statistical and econometrical approaches, emphasising a profound level of investigation, which will be particularly useful for graduate and PhD students of International Economics, Business and Trade.

This book provides deep insight into the flow of foreign direct investment from Asia to Europe. It assesses the topic of trade and investment from the reverse direction, considering Asian countries as the capital investors in the EU countries. Each chapter analyses either the international trade or investment of one or more Asian countries in correlation with one or more European states. The book analyses a significant number of countries, which are included in various economic associations, such as the Visegrad Group, the Three Seas Initiative, the European Free Trade Association, or are states from the same geopolitical region – for instance, the Iberian Peninsula, Baltic States, and Nordic countries. It examines Indian outward foreign direct investment trends in the UK before and after Brexit, based on select case studies, to emphasize the impact of Brexit, as well as to encourage trade and investment among Asian and European countries before and during COVID-19, to highlight the influence of the pandemic on the target country’s economy. The authors use a variety of analytical methods in the book, such as numerical presentations, econometric analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, an examination of time-series dynamics, the modelling of functions, and semi-structured interviews with company executives. The regional perspectives bring new and useful insights to the topic, and the case study approach allows for a wider exploration of the research questions as well as their theoretical evolution. The book provides a "big picture" for economists, researchers, business analysts, and PhD students of economics, international trade, and business.

This book provides deep insight into the flow of foreign direct investment from Asia to Europe. It assesses the topic of trade and investment from the reverse direction, considering Asian countries as the capital investors in the EU countries. Each chapter analyses either the international trade or investment of one or more Asian countries in correlation with one or more European states. The book analyses a significant number of countries, which are included in various economic associations, such as the Visegrad Group, the Three Seas Initiative, the European Free Trade Association, or are states from the same geopolitical region – for instance, the Iberian Peninsula, Baltic States, and Nordic countries. It examines Indian outward foreign direct investment trends in the UK before and after Brexit, based on select case studies, to emphasize the impact of Brexit, as well as to encourage trade and investment among Asian and European countries before and during COVID-19, to highlight the influence of the pandemic on the target country’s economy. The authors use a variety of analytical methods in the book, such as numerical presentations, econometric analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, an examination of time-series dynamics, the modelling of functions, and semi-structured interviews with company executives. The regional perspectives bring new and useful insights to the topic, and the case study approach allows for a wider exploration of the research questions as well as their theoretical evolution. The book provides a "big picture" for economists, researchers, business analysts, and PhD students of economics, international trade, and business.

This book analyses the current debate around Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) and the future of New Global Financial System. It offers deep insight into the global monetary policy in the context of digital and cryptocurrencies and examines both the opportunities and challenges to come. The book draws a clear distinction between digital and cryptocurrencies and answers several research questions, such as what the consequences of forming Central Bank Digital Currencies and their impact on the financial markets, in both advanced and developing economies, might be. Another question refers to whether the role of monetary policy easing has led to the rise of the virtual currency market, while still others relate to the impact of the pandemic on international settlements. The book also discusses the issue of investment in cryptocurrencies, and the related risks, whether or not this is a profitable investment vehicle, and how the digital banking system evaluates such investments. Further, the book also highlights the post-pandemic challenges for central banks, such as future monetary policy. It includes a complex review of the literature and presents elaborate econometric models of digital currencies and cryptocurrencies. The book has a wide geographic focus, examining these aspects from the perspective of several countries including China, India and the US.The primary audience for the book is researchers, scholars and students of international finance and economics but it will also appeal to practitioners concerned with the digitalisation of financial systems, policymakers and regulatory agencies.Note: Prof. Shalini Talwar's affiliation is published incorrectly. Her correct affiliation, which may be considered for referencing and records is: Shalini Talwar, Associate Professor, S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai, India.

This book analyses the current debate around Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) and the future of New Global Financial System. It offers deep insight into the global monetary policy in the context of digital and cryptocurrencies and examines both the opportunities and challenges to come. The book draws a clear distinction between digital and cryptocurrencies and answers several research questions, such as what the consequences of forming Central Bank Digital Currencies and their impact on the financial markets, in both advanced and developing economies, might be. Another question refers to whether the role of monetary policy easing has led to the rise of the virtual currency market, while still others relate to the impact of the pandemic on international settlements. The book also discusses the issue of investment in cryptocurrencies, and the related risks, whether or not this is a profitable investment vehicle, and how the digital banking system evaluates such investments. Further, the book also highlights the post-pandemic challenges for central banks, such as future monetary policy. It includes a complex review of the literature and presents elaborate econometric models of digital currencies and cryptocurrencies. The book has a wide geographic focus, examining these aspects from the perspective of several countries including China, India and the US.The primary audience for the book is researchers, scholars and students of international finance and economics but it will also appeal to practitioners concerned with the digitalisation of financial systems, policymakers and regulatory agencies.Note: Prof. Shalini Talwar's affiliation is published incorrectly. Her correct affiliation, which may be considered for referencing and records is: Shalini Talwar, Associate Professor, S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai, India.

The smart city concept, together with the growing importance of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, has a significant impact on city management and governance. This book examines real cases of smart city management across Asia and Europe.It covers regions such as Iceland, Estonia, Poland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam to systemize the knowledge in the field. It evaluates smart cities’ efficiency and analyzes and assesses the standards, norms and best practices involved in the management of smart cities. The book answers questions such as what it is that makes smart cities stand out, why some countries in Europe and Asia have more smart cities than others, whether smart cities support the economy and GDP growth of the country, and what the main determinants of forming smart cities in Asia and Europe are. It also evaluates whether smart cities secure higher standards of living for their citizens as compared to regular cities. Many theoretical concepts and theories are developed and then verified from the perspective of Western economies. Central Eastern European and Asian countries are frequently overlooked, thus, examining the smart city idea from the viewpoint of non-Western economies offers a fresh insight into the concept and its adaptation and evolution. The range of issues analyzed in the book are multilayered and approached from a wide array of perspectives, from macroeconomics to management, finance and technology, and public policy. Thus, the book is addressed to researchers, students, and academics who specialize in sustainable and regional development, economic geography, and management. It will also be of interest to urban planners, environmental scientists, and policymakers.

The smart city concept, together with the growing importance of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, has a significant impact on city management and governance. This book examines real cases of smart city management across Asia and Europe.It covers regions such as Iceland, Estonia, Poland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam to systemize the knowledge in the field. It evaluates smart cities’ efficiency and analyzes and assesses the standards, norms and best practices involved in the management of smart cities. The book answers questions such as what it is that makes smart cities stand out, why some countries in Europe and Asia have more smart cities than others, whether smart cities support the economy and GDP growth of the country, and what the main determinants of forming smart cities in Asia and Europe are. It also evaluates whether smart cities secure higher standards of living for their citizens as compared to regular cities. Many theoretical concepts and theories are developed and then verified from the perspective of Western economies. Central Eastern European and Asian countries are frequently overlooked, thus, examining the smart city idea from the viewpoint of non-Western economies offers a fresh insight into the concept and its adaptation and evolution. The range of issues analyzed in the book are multilayered and approached from a wide array of perspectives, from macroeconomics to management, finance and technology, and public policy. Thus, the book is addressed to researchers, students, and academics who specialize in sustainable and regional development, economic geography, and management. It will also be of interest to urban planners, environmental scientists, and policymakers.

This book sheds light on environmental, social and governance (ESG) policy principles, practice and the implications of integrating ESG factors into business operations, investment strategies and corporate governance frameworks, across both developed and developing countries (Europe, Asia and the US). This is the first book which brings together academics from different continents to share their views and knowledge on this subject, with a focus on regional perspectives. The book argues that exhaustive research has been conducted on ESG integration for financial performance, risk management and stakeholder engagement in developed countries, with research showing a positive correlation between ESG performance and value creation. Furthermore, transparency and accountability in ESG disclosures by companies have played a critical role in the firm’s performance and market value. This is also supported by the regulatory initiatives taken by the government in promoting industry standards for ESG practices. On the contrary, developing countries face several challenges in the adoption and implementation of sustainable practices. The book underscores the importance of maintaining a harmonious balance between economic development and environmental and societal factors. The book examines the norms and standards that constitute ESG in Asia, Europe and the US, analyses whether ESG supports business management and GDP growth, and looks at the main barriers to implementing ESG Policy by companies in the selected regions. It includes a comprehensive set of case studies from each region and across various sectors to demonstrate how ESG policy is implemented around the world. Researchers, scholars and students who specialize in sustainable development, development economics and international business management will be interested in this book.

International trade is undergoing profound transformation. The liberalization paradigm that characterized much of the twentieth century has given way to renewed tariff conflicts, systemic disruptions caused by war and geopolitical rivalry, and mounting pressures to align trade with sustainability objectives. These shifts underscore the urgent need to re-examine the intellectual and policy foundations of global commerce in light of twenty-first century realities. This book offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of these emerging dynamics.Drawing on contributions from legal scholars, economists, and political scientists across Europe, Asia, and North America, it traces the historical evolution of tariffs, evaluates the far-reaching consequences of the conflicts in MENA, Ukraine, and Russia, and examines the challenges posed by central bank digital currencies to established trade mechanisms. It further investigates the U.S.–China trade confrontation as a case of enduring techno-economic rivalry, the paradoxes of sustainability in mineral-based global value chains, and the regulatory tensions between market liberalisation and national sovereignty. The book examines critical mineral supply chains through a geoeconomic lens, focusing on how states and corporations leverage control over extraction, processing, and manufacturing stages to secure strategic advantage. It offers novel insights into European vulnerabilities in rare earth supply, insolvency harmonisation, and investment regulation. Together, these chapters provide an integrated perspective on the forces redefining trade law, policy, and practice. It explores the impact of digital currency regulation on international trade, with particular regard to the legal status of central banks.This book will be of particular interest to academics, researchers, and graduate students in international economics, law, and political science, as well as to policymakers and institutional actors concerned with the future of global trade governance.

For decades, the global balance of power has been shaped by a handful of dominant nations, primarily the United States and Western Europe. Yet, the rise of emerging powers like China, India, Brazil, and Russia is transforming the foundations of the world order. These nations are challenging the traditional dominance of the West, promoting a multipolar world, and reshaping international norms, trade networks, and geopolitical alliances.This book explores the profound implications of this shift from a geoeconomic perspective, and the change of the geoeconomic paradigm, focusing on how these emerging powers influence global governance, economic policies, and security dynamics. It examines pivotal initiatives like China’s Belt and Road Initiative, India’s expanding global partnerships, and the role of BRICS in creating alternative financial systems to rival Western-dominated institutions such as the IMF and World Bank.By analyzing the complex interplay of cooperation, competition, and confrontation between established and rising powers, the book sheds light on critical questions:How are emerging powers shaping the new geoeconomic paradigm?Can the Global South achieve lasting economic independence?What strategies can prevent escalating international conflicts?How will digital mobility evolve in a changing global economy?Combining a deep analysis of foreign policies, hard and soft power strategies, and regional responses, this book provides readers with a nuanced understanding of how both traditional and emerging powers are forging new global and regional orders.With its timely insights, this book is an essential resource for academics, policymakers, researchers, and anyone aiming to grasp the future of international relations in an era of transformation.