Ryane E. Englar – författare

Performing the Small Animal Physical Examination offers an easy-to-follow guide to successfully executing a thorough physical exam in cats and dogs, with nearly 1,000 clinical photographs depicting step-by-step details.   Provides comprehensive, practical information on the physical examination in small animal patientsPresents nearly 1,000 color photographs with step-by-step details of the procedures and principlesOffers advice on preparing the examination room, useful tips, and concrete guidance for examining each body systemOutlines a systematic, in-depth approach to the initial examination in dogs and catsSupports new and experienced veterinarians and veterinary technicians alike in performing a thorough basic exam

Performing the Small Animal Physical Examination offers an easy-to-follow guide to successfully executing a thorough physical exam in cats and dogs, with nearly 1,000 clinical photographs depicting step-by-step details.  

Provides comprehensive, practical information on the physical examination in small animal patients Presents nearly 1,000 color photographs with step-by-step details of the procedures and principles Offers advice on preparing the examination room, useful tips, and concrete guidance for examining each body system Outlines a systematic, in-depth approach to the initial examination in dogs and cats Supports new and experienced veterinarians and veterinary technicians alike in performing a thorough basic exam

 

Performing the Small Animal Physical Examination offers an easy-to-follow guide to successfully executing a thorough physical exam in cats and dogs, with nearly 1,000 clinical photographs depicting step-by-step details.  

Provides comprehensive, practical information on the physical examination in small animal patients Presents nearly 1,000 color photographs with step-by-step details of the procedures and principles Offers advice on preparing the examination room, useful tips, and concrete guidance for examining each body system Outlines a systematic, in-depth approach to the initial examination in dogs and cats Supports new and experienced veterinarians and veterinary technicians alike in performing a thorough basic exam

 

Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a reliable resource and quick reference to essential information for diagnosing canine and feline patients, based on presenting complaints.  The text takes a problem-oriented approach to recognizing common clinical conditions, and introduces diagnostic and treatment plans for companion animal practice. Equally useful for veterinary students and practicing clinicians, the book presents 78 chapters grouped by body system, for ease of access. Each chapter focuses on identifying the chief complaint, pinpointing possible diagnoses, and determining the clinical approach to patient care. The book is richly illustrated throughout with clinical photographs and line drawings that demonstrate the concepts presented.  Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is an essential resource that: •      Gives clinicians fast access to essential details for approaching common case presentations in dogs and cats and forming a correct diagnosis•      Presents information by clinical signs, organized by body system•      Takes a standardized chapter format for ease of use•      Includes color photographs and line drawings to illustrate the conditions discussed         Written for small animal general practitioners and veterinary students, Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a patient-side reference that can help practitioners gain the knowledge and confidence to correctly diagnose a wide range of clinical presentations.

Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a reliable resource and quick reference to essential information for diagnosing canine and feline patients, based on presenting complaints.  The text takes a problem-oriented approach to recognizing common clinical conditions, and introduces diagnostic and treatment plans for companion animal practice. Equally useful for veterinary students and practicing clinicians, the book presents 78 chapters grouped by body system, for ease of access. 

Each chapter focuses on identifying the chief complaint, pinpointing possible diagnoses, and determining the clinical approach to patient care. The book is richly illustrated throughout with clinical photographs and line drawings that demonstrate the concepts presented.  Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is an essential resource that: 

•      Gives clinicians fast access to essential details for approaching common case presentations in dogs and cats and forming a correct diagnosis•      Presents information by clinical signs, organized by body system•      Takes a standardized chapter format for ease of use•      Includes color photographs and line drawings to illustrate the conditions discussed         

Written for small animal general practitioners and veterinary students, Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a patient-side reference that can help practitioners gain the knowledge and confidence to correctly diagnose a wide range of clinical presentations.

Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a reliable resource and quick reference to essential information for diagnosing canine and feline patients, based on presenting complaints.  The text takes a problem-oriented approach to recognizing common clinical conditions, and introduces diagnostic and treatment plans for companion animal practice. Equally useful for veterinary students and practicing clinicians, the book presents 78 chapters grouped by body system, for ease of access. 

Each chapter focuses on identifying the chief complaint, pinpointing possible diagnoses, and determining the clinical approach to patient care. The book is richly illustrated throughout with clinical photographs and line drawings that demonstrate the concepts presented.  Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is an essential resource that: 

•      Gives clinicians fast access to essential details for approaching common case presentations in dogs and cats and forming a correct diagnosis•      Presents information by clinical signs, organized by body system•      Takes a standardized chapter format for ease of use•      Includes color photographs and line drawings to illustrate the conditions discussed         

Written for small animal general practitioners and veterinary students, Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats is a patient-side reference that can help practitioners gain the knowledge and confidence to correctly diagnose a wide range of clinical presentations.

Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics A practical guide to maximizing the diagnostic value of in-house quick assessment tests (QATs) In Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, the authors provide a hands-on resource designed to facilitate healthcare delivery across the spectrum of care. Historically, clinicians have been taught to apply the gold standard approach to the practice of medicine. However, recent advances in veterinary medical care and associated technologies have made practitioners question whether a one-size-fits-all approach is truly best. After all, when we perform diagnostic tests, are we testing out of the desire for completeness, to cover all bases for the good of the patient? Or are we testing because we are expected to? The reality is that gold standard care is not always advisable and not always possible. In clinical practice, veterinarians frequently encounter obstacles that limit their approaches to case management. Cost of care is a significant constraint that requires practitioners to rethink which diagnostic tests are essential. Not every patient requires a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profile, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to obtain diagnostic value. This text suggests that the “best” approach to case management be determined by the situation, the context, the patient, and the client. While sophisticated panels of tests may remain the recommended approach to case management, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics outlines entry-level, in-house diagnostic blood, urine, fecal, and body cavity fluid tests: how to perform them as well as the breadth and depth of patient-specific data that can be gleaned from quick assessment tests (QATs). Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to patient care considerations, communication strategies that facilitate cost-conscious shared decision-makingComprehensive explorations of quick assessment tests (QATs) in hematology, including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), buffy coat analysis, blood smears, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), saline agglutination tests, and activated clotting time.Practical discussions of quick assessment tests (QATs) involving urine, including urine color, dipstick analysis, specific gravity (USG), and urine sediment analysisPragmatic evaluation of fecal analysis, including considerations surrounding fecal color, volume, consistency, and odor; saline smears or wet mounts, and fecal flotation.Discussion on body cavity fluid analysisSample case vignettes, complete with question and answer (Q&A)Perfect for veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary and veterinary technician students, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics offers a quick and easy reference guide to maximizing diagnostic value in those cases where care is cost-prohibitive.

Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics

A practical guide to maximizing the diagnostic value of in-house quick assessment tests (QATs)

In Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, the authors provide a hands-on resource designed to facilitate healthcare delivery across the spectrum of care.

Historically, clinicians have been taught to apply the gold standard approach to the practice of medicine. However, recent advances in veterinary medical care and associated technologies have made practitioners question whether a one-size-fits-all approach is truly best. After all, when we perform diagnostic tests, are we testing out of the desire for completeness, to cover all bases for the good of the patient? Or are we testing because we are expected to?

The reality is that gold standard care is not always advisable and not always possible. In clinical practice, veterinarians frequently encounter obstacles that limit their approaches to case management. Cost of care is a significant constraint that requires practitioners to rethink which diagnostic tests are essential.

Not every patient requires a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profile, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to obtain diagnostic value. This text suggests that the “best” approach to case management be determined by the situation, the context, the patient, and the client.

While sophisticated panels of tests may remain the recommended approach to case management, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics outlines entry-level, in-house diagnostic blood, urine, fecal, and body cavity fluid tests: how to perform them as well as the breadth and depth of patient-specific data that can be gleaned from quick assessment tests (QATs).

Readers will also find:

A thorough introduction to patient care considerations, communication strategies that facilitate cost-conscious shared decision-making Comprehensive explorations of quick assessment tests (QATs) in hematology, including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), buffy coat analysis, blood smears, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), saline agglutination tests, and activated clotting time. Practical discussions of quick assessment tests (QATs) involving urine, including urine color, dipstick analysis, specific gravity (USG), and urine sediment analysis Pragmatic evaluation of fecal analysis, including considerations surrounding fecal color, volume, consistency, and odor; saline smears or wet mounts, and fecal flotation. Discussion on body cavity fluid analysis Sample case vignettes, complete with question and answer (Q&A)

Perfect for veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary and veterinary technician students, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics offers a quick and easy reference guide to maximizing diagnostic value in those cases where care is cost-prohibitive.

Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics

A practical guide to maximizing the diagnostic value of in-house quick assessment tests (QATs)

In Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, the authors provide a hands-on resource designed to facilitate healthcare delivery across the spectrum of care.

Historically, clinicians have been taught to apply the gold standard approach to the practice of medicine. However, recent advances in veterinary medical care and associated technologies have made practitioners question whether a one-size-fits-all approach is truly best. After all, when we perform diagnostic tests, are we testing out of the desire for completeness, to cover all bases for the good of the patient? Or are we testing because we are expected to?

The reality is that gold standard care is not always advisable and not always possible. In clinical practice, veterinarians frequently encounter obstacles that limit their approaches to case management. Cost of care is a significant constraint that requires practitioners to rethink which diagnostic tests are essential.

Not every patient requires a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profile, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to obtain diagnostic value. This text suggests that the “best” approach to case management be determined by the situation, the context, the patient, and the client.

While sophisticated panels of tests may remain the recommended approach to case management, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics outlines entry-level, in-house diagnostic blood, urine, fecal, and body cavity fluid tests: how to perform them as well as the breadth and depth of patient-specific data that can be gleaned from quick assessment tests (QATs).

Readers will also find:

A thorough introduction to patient care considerations, communication strategies that facilitate cost-conscious shared decision-making Comprehensive explorations of quick assessment tests (QATs) in hematology, including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), buffy coat analysis, blood smears, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), saline agglutination tests, and activated clotting time. Practical discussions of quick assessment tests (QATs) involving urine, including urine color, dipstick analysis, specific gravity (USG), and urine sediment analysis Pragmatic evaluation of fecal analysis, including considerations surrounding fecal color, volume, consistency, and odor; saline smears or wet mounts, and fecal flotation. Discussion on body cavity fluid analysis Sample case vignettes, complete with question and answer (Q&A)

Perfect for veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary and veterinary technician students, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics offers a quick and easy reference guide to maximizing diagnostic value in those cases where care is cost-prohibitive.

Easy-to-follow guide to performing physical examinations on horses and ruminants, with a comprehensive collection of color photographs demonstrating important concepts and procedural techniques. Featuring hundreds of full-color images demonstrating the observation and hands-on clinical skills described, Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination offers a step-by-step guide to all aspects of assessing the health and wellbeing of equine patients and ruminants. Cattle, sheep, and goats are emphasized, with vital commentary about camelids included when applicable. Each section begins with information on observing, approaching, and safely handling patients, then discusses how to systematically evaluate each body system. A companion website features video clips demonstrating key concepts. Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination includes information on: Equine and ruminant behavior, including feeding, social, herd, and separation behaviors, sleep and rest disturbances, other stereotypiesThe distance examination, observation, and efficient methods to approach and restrain patients, with emphasis on flight zones and point of balance, safety of personnel, and animal welfareBig picture considerations with respect to the patient’s body, coat, and skin, including coat color and markings, weight and height estimations, and forms of patient identificationEvaluation of the head (eyes, ears, nose, and throat) as well as the cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, plus considerations specific to the lameness examBasic clinical procedures and common clinical conditions specific to each body system in horses, small and large ruminantsPerforming the Large Animal Physical Examination is an essential resource for students and other veterinary team members to develop comfort and confidence observing, approaching, handling, and examining equine and ruminant patients, as well as for experienced practitioners who may wish to refine their skills and clinical acumen.

Easy-to-follow guide to performing physical examinations on horses and ruminants, with a comprehensive collection of color photographs demonstrating important concepts and procedural techniques.

Featuring hundreds of full-color images demonstrating the observation and hands-on clinical skills described, Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination offers a step-by-step guide to all aspects of assessing the health and wellbeing of equine patients and ruminants. Cattle, sheep, and goats are emphasized, with vital commentary about camelids included when applicable.

Each section begins with information on observing, approaching, and safely handling patients, then discusses how to systematically evaluate each body system. A companion website features video clips demonstrating key concepts.

Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination includes information on:

Equine and ruminant behavior, including feeding, social, herd, and separation behaviors, sleep and rest disturbances, other stereotypiesThe distance examination, observation, and efficient methods to approach and restrain patients, with emphasis on flight zones and point of balance, safety of personnel, and animal welfareBig picture considerations with respect to the patient’s body, coat, and skin, including coat color and markings, weight and height estimations, and forms of patient identificationEvaluation of the head (eyes, ears, nose, and throat) as well as the cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, plus considerations specific to the lameness examBasic clinical procedures and common clinical conditions specific to each body system in horses, small and large ruminants

Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination is an essential resource for students and other veterinary team members to develop comfort and confidence observing, approaching, handling, and examining equine and ruminant patients, as well as for experienced practitioners who may wish to refine their skills and clinical acumen.

Easy-to-follow guide to performing physical examinations on horses and ruminants, with a comprehensive collection of color photographs demonstrating important concepts and procedural techniques.

Featuring hundreds of full-color images demonstrating the observation and hands-on clinical skills described, Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination offers a step-by-step guide to all aspects of assessing the health and wellbeing of equine patients and ruminants. Cattle, sheep, and goats are emphasized, with vital commentary about camelids included when applicable.

Each section begins with information on observing, approaching, and safely handling patients, then discusses how to systematically evaluate each body system. A companion website features video clips demonstrating key concepts.

Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination includes information on:

Equine and ruminant behavior, including feeding, social, herd, and separation behaviors, sleep and rest disturbances, other stereotypiesThe distance examination, observation, and efficient methods to approach and restrain patients, with emphasis on flight zones and point of balance, safety of personnel, and animal welfareBig picture considerations with respect to the patient’s body, coat, and skin, including coat color and markings, weight and height estimations, and forms of patient identificationEvaluation of the head (eyes, ears, nose, and throat) as well as the cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, plus considerations specific to the lameness examBasic clinical procedures and common clinical conditions specific to each body system in horses, small and large ruminants

Performing the Large Animal Physical Examination is an essential resource for students and other veterinary team members to develop comfort and confidence observing, approaching, handling, and examining equine and ruminant patients, as well as for experienced practitioners who may wish to refine their skills and clinical acumen.

Empowers veterinary educators to design from scratch, modify, or adopt the authors’ own comprehensive, simulation-based communication curriculum, combining andragogical principles, evidence-based practice, and practical tools to enhance the delivery of relationship-centered care. Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication tracks the evolution of communication training and relational practice in healthcare. Readers are introduced to foundational communication theories and models, as well as the growing evidence that effective communication enhances healthcare delivery and patient outcomes through improved information exchange and stronger veterinary client-healthcare provider relationships. The book translates theory into practical application exercises, offering 30 simulated client encounters for veterinary curricula. This debut of an entire curriculum provides educators with a complete, evidence-based framework for integrating communication training across all species and practice settings. This one-of-a-kind resource offers practical implementation that is unparalleled. The book presents fifteen chapters covering communication theory, models, and client communication preferences as well as strategies for simulation design. A companion website delivers all components of all 30 simulations, including preparatory materials, simulation scripts, door charts, rubrics, and post-encounter reflection prompts. In addition, the companion website offers over 150 ready-to-implement clinical case vignettes for in-class use. The modular design allows the content to be adapted to a wide variety of needs: Species-specific communication guidance for canine, feline, equine, ruminant, and exotic animal practitioners and student doctors in trainingEvidence-based frameworks for building reflective practice. This requires providers to deepen their exploration of self as they learn to integrate personal, social, and professional identities to build capacity for their own unique delivery of relationship-centered careApplication of the Calgary-Cambridge consultation model and associated communication skills to simulation experiencesComplete scripts, preparatory work, and reflection assignments for 30 simulations that span the breadth and depth of clinical practice, including wellness visits, sick and emergency visits, end-of-life, economic euthanasia, mandatory animal cruelty reporting, and conflict within the veterinary teamDesigned for anyone involved in teaching or learning communication skills in veterinary medicine, including veterinary faculty, veterinary technician educators, curriculum developers, clinical and professional skills course coordinators, and veterinary and veterinary technician students, Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication provides the blueprint for communication curricular design. This text allows for rapid implementation of effective, reproducible training for the interpersonal demands of modern veterinary practice

Empowers veterinary educators to design from scratch, modify, or adopt the authors own comprehensive, simulation-based communication curriculum, combining andragogical principles, evidence-based practice, and practical tools to enhance the delivery of relationship-centered care. Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication tracks the evolution of communication training and relational practice in healthcare. Readers are introduced to foundational communication theories and models, as well as the growing evidence that effective communication enhances healthcare delivery and patient outcomes through improved information exchange and stronger veterinary client-healthcare provider relationships. The book translates theory into practical application exercises, offering 30 simulated client encounters for veterinary curricula. This debut of an entire curriculum provides educators with a complete, evidence-based framework for integrating communication training across all species and practice settings. This one-of-a-kind resource offers practical implementation that is unparalleled. The book presents fifteen chapters covering communication theory, models, and client communication preferences as well as strategies for simulation design. A companion website delivers all components of all 30 simulations, including preparatory materials, simulation scripts, door charts, rubrics, and post-encounter reflection prompts. In addition, the companion website offers over 150 ready-to-implement clinical case vignettes for in-class use. The modular design allows the content to be adapted to a wide variety of needs: Species-specific communication guidance for canine, feline, equine, ruminant, and exotic animal practitioners and student doctors in training Evidence-based frameworks for building reflective practice. This requires providers to deepen their exploration of self as they learn to integrate personal, social, and professional identities to build capacity for their own unique delivery of relationship-centered care Application of the Calgary-Cambridge consultation model and associated communication skills to simulation experiences Complete scripts, preparatory work, and reflection assignments for 30 simulations that span the breadth and depth of clinical practice, including wellness visits, sick and emergency visits, end-of-life, economic euthanasia, mandatory animal cruelty reporting, and conflict within the veterinary team Designed for anyone involved in teaching or learning communication skills in veterinary medicine, including veterinary faculty, veterinary technician educators, curriculum developers, clinical and professional skills course coordinators, and veterinary and veterinary technician students, Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication provides the blueprint for communication curricular design. This text allows for rapid implementation of effective, reproducible training for the interpersonal demands of modern veterinary practice

Empowers veterinary educators to design from scratch, modify, or adopt the authors own comprehensive, simulation-based communication curriculum, combining andragogical principles, evidence-based practice, and practical tools to enhance the delivery of relationship-centered care. Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication tracks the evolution of communication training and relational practice in healthcare. Readers are introduced to foundational communication theories and models, as well as the growing evidence that effective communication enhances healthcare delivery and patient outcomes through improved information exchange and stronger veterinary client-healthcare provider relationships. The book translates theory into practical application exercises, offering 30 simulated client encounters for veterinary curricula. This debut of an entire curriculum provides educators with a complete, evidence-based framework for integrating communication training across all species and practice settings. This one-of-a-kind resource offers practical implementation that is unparalleled. The book presents fifteen chapters covering communication theory, models, and client communication preferences as well as strategies for simulation design. A companion website delivers all components of all 30 simulations, including preparatory materials, simulation scripts, door charts, rubrics, and post-encounter reflection prompts. In addition, the companion website offers over 150 ready-to-implement clinical case vignettes for in-class use. The modular design allows the content to be adapted to a wide variety of needs: Species-specific communication guidance for canine, feline, equine, ruminant, and exotic animal practitioners and student doctors in training Evidence-based frameworks for building reflective practice. This requires providers to deepen their exploration of self as they learn to integrate personal, social, and professional identities to build capacity for their own unique delivery of relationship-centered care Application of the Calgary-Cambridge consultation model and associated communication skills to simulation experiences Complete scripts, preparatory work, and reflection assignments for 30 simulations that span the breadth and depth of clinical practice, including wellness visits, sick and emergency visits, end-of-life, economic euthanasia, mandatory animal cruelty reporting, and conflict within the veterinary team Designed for anyone involved in teaching or learning communication skills in veterinary medicine, including veterinary faculty, veterinary technician educators, curriculum developers, clinical and professional skills course coordinators, and veterinary and veterinary technician students, Simulated Approach to Veterinary Communication provides the blueprint for communication curricular design. This text allows for rapid implementation of effective, reproducible training for the interpersonal demands of modern veterinary practice

Communicating ideas in veterinary medicine is a fundamental part of continuing veterinary research and building a career as a clinician.The purpose of this book is to help increasing efficiency and effectiveness in writing professional documents, e.g. writing a concise yet thorough discharge statement to avoid repeated client call-backs to clarify medical recommendations. The book also aims at improving the reader’s confidence in writing skills through guided and well-thought out “homework” or practice exercises.Useful for both veterinary students and practising vets, Writing Skills for Veterinarians addresses how to develop and hone veterinary medical and scientific writing techniques. The basics of veterinary writing and why it matters are covered before concentrating on specific written models expected of vets – creating medical documents, client and colleague communications, report writing, journal articles and research papers and presentations. At the end of the book is a resource-bank of additional exercises relating to each type of document.

Good communication skills provide better clinical outcomes and help avoid minor as well as major mistakes. Approximately 60-80% of negligence claims against vets are related to poor communication, with new graduates especially vulnerable. Communication skills are a growing part of the curriculum in veterinary schools, recognising how fundamental clear communication is to good practice.A Guide to Oral Communication in Veterinary Medicine covers why communication skills are important, the structure of typical communications and suggested approaches, veterinary specific communication pathways and sample scripts between vet and client. Scenarios covered include everyday communication, dealing with challenging situations, different species, different settings, and communication within the veterinary team. The aim is to instil confidence and competence, build professionalism and avoid problems.Most current teaching is based on a toolbox approach developed from the human medicine model. However, there is no set standard for teaching methodology which is why this is primarily a book for students but also includes a section for educators to provide guidance in this nascent subject.

This workbook is intended to be a bridge between classroom learning and clinical training; to improve patient care and clinician confidence in practice. Common presentations in small animal practice are presented as real-world case studies while the reader is guided through work-up, critical thinking and problem solving to run the consultation efficiently.Key concepts of anatomy, physiology, radiology, clinical pathology, medicine and surgery are covered and readers are guided through history-taking and diagnostics to perform an effective consultation. Cases discussed include vaccinating the new kitten, castrating the new puppy, the puppy with diarrhoea, the blind cat, the head-shaking dog, the itchy dog. Categories of complaints covered include body weight, urinary problems, the digestive system, respiratory issues, eye problems, skin and soft tissue complaints, cardiovascular, reproductive, aural and neurological complaints.The aim is to present a problem-first approach and to encourage readers to think like clinicians rather than students by instilling a case-based problem solving approach.