Stuart Anderson - Böcker

The word "pharmacopoeia" has come to have many meanings, although it is commonly understood to be a book describing approved compositions and standards for drugs. In 1813 the Royal College of Physicians of London considered a proposal to develop an imperial British pharmacopoeia – at a time when separate official pharmacopoeias existed for England, Scotland, and Ireland. A unified British pharmacopoeia was published in 1864, and by 1914 it was considered suitable for the whole Empire.Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires traces the 350-year development of officially sanctioned pharmacopoeias across the British Empire, first from local to national pharmacopoeias, and later to a standardized pharmacopoeia that would apply throughout Britain's imperial world. The evolution of British pharmacopoeias and the professionalization of medicine saw developments including a transition from Galenic principles to germ theory, and a shift from plant-based to chemical medicines. While other colonial powers in Europe usually imposed metropolitan pharmacopoeias across their colonies, Britain consulted with practitioners throughout its Empire. As the scope of the pharmacopoeia widened, the process of agreeing upon drug standardization became more complex and fraught. A wide range of issues was exposed, from bioprospecting and the inclusion of indigenous medicines in pharmacopoeias, to adulteration and demands for the substitution of pharmacopoeial drugs with locally available ones.Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires uses the evolution of an imperial pharmacopoeia in Britain as a vehicle for exploring the hegemonic power of European colonial powers in the medical field, and the meaning of pharmacopoeia more broadly.

The word "pharmacopoeia" has come to have many meanings, although it is commonly understood to be a book describing approved compositions and standards for drugs. In 1813 the Royal College of Physicians of London considered a proposal to develop an imperial British pharmacopoeia – at a time when separate official pharmacopoeias existed for England, Scotland, and Ireland. A unified British pharmacopoeia was published in 1864, and by 1914 it was considered suitable for the whole Empire.Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires traces the 350-year development of officially sanctioned pharmacopoeias across the British Empire, first from local to national pharmacopoeias, and later to a standardized pharmacopoeia that would apply throughout Britain's imperial world. The evolution of British pharmacopoeias and the professionalization of medicine saw developments including a transition from Galenic principles to germ theory, and a shift from plant-based to chemical medicines. While other colonial powers in Europe usually imposed metropolitan pharmacopoeias across their colonies, Britain consulted with practitioners throughout its Empire. As the scope of the pharmacopoeia widened, the process of agreeing upon drug standardization became more complex and fraught. A wide range of issues was exposed, from bioprospecting and the inclusion of indigenous medicines in pharmacopoeias, to adulteration and demands for the substitution of pharmacopoeial drugs with locally available ones.Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires uses the evolution of an imperial pharmacopoeia in Britain as a vehicle for exploring the hegemonic power of European colonial powers in the medical field, and the meaning of pharmacopoeia more broadly.

Immigration is a comprehensive and practical guide to the history, economics, and contributions of immigrants, written by a former key policymaker who is now a leading researcher in the field.Immigration is a comprehensive examination of U.S. immigration policies and their impact on the nation, combining a historical overview and a guide to how immigration works in practice. In this one-volume compendium on the history, politics, culture, and contributions of immigrants to the United States, the author uses his experience in key immigration policy posts to provide an insider's perspective on a broad array of immigration-related issues.Offering a detached, unbiased analysis of the economic, fiscal, and other impacts of current immigration policies, he recommends reforms and policy solutions for the thorniest immigration issues, such as illegal immigration. But the book does not ignore the fact that immigration has always enriched and strengthened our nation. Along with policy considerations, it also encompasses enlightening profiles detailing the many contributions of individual immigrants in such diverse areas as science, sports, the military, and business.

There is increasing recognition that advances in medicine are only part of the answer to better health care. These advances, together with rising expectations of health care users, mean that demands on the way we organise and deliver services will become greater. It is therefore essential that we advance our understanding and knowledge of how best to organise and deliver health services. This book, written by experienced teachers and researchers, introduces research methods from a wide range of social science disciplines and applies them to health service research.Each chapter takes a different research method or approach and provides: theoretical background; a description of the method; advice on how to use it; relevant examples; a discussion of the limitations of the method; a list of further reading.Research methods covered include: epidemiology; organisational psychology; action research; political science/policy analysis; organisational economics; historical methods and operational research. This book also looks at the issues in synthesising evidence from qualitative research and non-experimental quantitative studies.This is an invaluable reader for researchers, students and research funders and provides an appropriate text for the growing number of courses in the multidisciplinary field of health services research.

There is increasing recognition that advances in medicine are only part of the answer to better health care. These advances, together with rising expectations of health care users, mean that demands on the way we organize and deliver services will become greater. It is therefore essential that we advance our understanding and knowledge of how best to organize and deliver health services. This book, written by experienced teachers and researchers, introduces research methods from a wide range of social science disciplines and applies them to health service research. Each chapter takes a different research method or approach and provides: theoretical background; a description of the method; advice on how to use it; relevant examples; a discussion of the limitations of the method; a list of further reading. Research methods covered include: epidemiology; organizational psychology; action research; political science/policy analysis; organizational economics; historical methods and operational research. This book also looks at the issues in synthesizing evidence from qualitative research and non-experimental quantitative studies. This is a reader for researchers, students and research funders and provides an appropriate text for the growing number of courses in the multidisciplinary field of health services research.

Research into the delivery and organisation of health care is a vital component in the improvement of health services. A wide range of disciplines and methods needs to be deployed to address research questions in this field. This unique reader brings together thirty examples of high-quality SDO research using a range of disciplines, including organisational studies, epidemiology, sociology, history, health economics, anthropology and policy studies, illustrating the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches and primary and secondary research. Expert editorial commentary on each section highlights different themes and methodological issues. The reader covers six main areas of research: Organising services around the user User involvement in organising services Workforce issuesEvaluating models of service delivery Quality management and the management of change Studying health care organisations. This book is a companion volume to Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods also published by Routledge (2001). It makes top-quality, empirical and secondary research readily accessible to health service managers and health care professionals who are interested in research, to health service researchers and to undergraduate and postgraduate students following courses in health and health management studies.

Research into the delivery and organisation of health care is a vital component in the improvement of health services. A wide range of disciplines and methods needs to be deployed to address research questions in this field. This unique reader brings together thirty examples of high-quality SDO research using a range of disciplines, including organisational studies, epidemiology, sociology, history, health economics, anthropology and policy studies, illustrating the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches and primary and secondary research. Expert editorial commentary on each section highlights different themes and methodological issues. The reader covers six main areas of research: Organising services around the user User involvement in organising services Workforce issuesEvaluating models of service delivery Quality management and the management of change Studying health care organisations. This book is a companion volume to Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods also published by Routledge (2001). It makes top-quality, empirical and secondary research readily accessible to health service managers and health care professionals who are interested in research, to health service researchers and to undergraduate and postgraduate students following courses in health and health management studies.

Making Medicines is a concise, chronological discussion of the history of therapeutics and pharmacy from the Egyptians through to the present day. It focuses on the discovery and uses of medicines to treat illness through the ages, and the evolving role of the pharmacist. Each chapter is contributed by an expert in the period or field, and illustrates how wider social, political and economic developments have influenced drug development and shaped pharmacy practice. The book has two colour-plate sections illustrating how pharmacy has developed over the centuries. Numerous photographs are also included in the text. Written by an expert in the field, this book will appeal to pharmacists and pharmacy students, as well as to other healthcare practitioners and medical historians.

Histories of the Second World War have paid scant attention to either conscientious objectors or the North-East of England. This book fills a gap in the historiography by looking beyond the region’s industrial significance during this period and exploring social, moral and religious attitudes to the war – both on the part of objectors, and those who dealt with them. As a regional case study, it also sheds light on wider structures and attitudes relating to conscientious objection in Britain during the war, providing an in-depth understanding of the profile of objectors, the working of a tribunal, and the response of the authorities, public and media to conscientious objection. The book explores the difficulties experienced by objectors in the Armed Forces and those who worked on the land, and also considers women who objected to compulsion extended to them for the first time. For many objectors the cells of Durham Prison or Northallerton Detention Centre were to be their temporary home, and the conditions there are examined. The Second World War became a moment of transition in the treatment of conscientious objectors, between the excesses of the First World War and its current recognition as a basic human right. This was a transition in which objectors in the North-East of England played a significant role, both in their local and in the national context.

This volume will focus on the locations in which pharmacy was practised and how practice varied with location. The emphasis will be on chemists’ shops in the community and the emergence of chain pharmacies after 1880. It will also include primary sources illustrating the practice of pharmacy in military and naval hospitals, in prisons dispensaries, and in a wide range of voluntary and municipal hospitals and sanatoria, drawing on both national and local archival sources. Relevant sources will also be included relating to the activities of pharmacists employed in schools of pharmacy, colleges, and universities.

This volume with focus on the broader roles of pharmacists beyond the supply of medicines and the dispensing of prescriptions. It will cover their various roles in public health and describe their involvement in dentistry and optics. It will explore the responsiveness of pharmacists to outside developments, including the invention of photography and the promotion of health-related electrical apparatus. Finally, it will consider the role of pharmacy in empire and its lasting legacy.

This volume will focus on the professionalization of pharmacy and its separation from medicine in the mid-nineteenth century. Themes which will be covered include women and pharmacy, pharmacy education, and the emergence of pharmaceutical institutions, including ones representing pharmacists employed in minor institutions. It will also consider the emergence of professional regulation in pharmacy.

This volume will focus on the products that are the most closely associated with pharmacy and on their commodification during the course of the century. It will include material relating to the sourcing of both natural and synthetic medicines which will help to illuminate processes of drug discovery and the rise of the pharmaceutical industry in Britain. Other topics addressed will include the invention of new dosage forms, the development of pharmaceutical technology, and the growth of proprietary medicines. It will also consider concerns with drug quality and safety and the preparation of a British Pharmacopoeia.

Classes of socio-technical hazards allow a characterization of the risk in technology innovation and clarify the mechanisms underpinning emergent technological risk. Emerging Technological Risk provides an interdisciplinary account of risk in socio-technical systems including hazards which highlight:·         How technological risk crosses organizational boundaries,·         How technological trajectories and evolution develop from resolving tensions emerging between social aspects of organisations and technologies and·         How social behaviour shapes, and is shaped by, technology.Addressing an audience from a range of academic and professional backgrounds, Emerging Technological Risk is a key source for those who wish to benefit from a detail and methodical exposure to multiple perspectives on technological risk. By providing a synthesis of recent work on risk that captures the complex mechanisms that characterize the emergence of risk in technology innovation, Emerging Technological Risk bridges contributions from many disciplines in order to sustain a fruitful debate. Emerging Technological Risk is one of a series of books developed by the Dependability Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Classes of socio-technical hazards allow a characterization of the risk in technology innovation and clarify the mechanisms underpinning emergent technological risk. Emerging Technological Risk provides an interdisciplinary account of risk in socio-technical systems including hazards which highlight:·         How technological risk crosses organizational boundaries,·         How technological trajectories and evolution develop from resolving tensions emerging between social aspects of organisations and technologies and·         How social behaviour shapes, and is shaped by, technology.Addressing an audience from a range of academic and professional backgrounds, Emerging Technological Risk is a key source for those who wish to benefit from a detail and methodical exposure to multiple perspectives on technological risk. By providing a synthesis of recent work on risk that captures the complex mechanisms that characterize the emergence of risk in technology innovation, Emerging Technological Risk bridges contributions from many disciplines in order to sustain a fruitful debate. Emerging Technological Risk is one of a series of books developed by the Dependability Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Transform your backyard into a thriving bee paradise with this comprehensive beekeeping guide from Stuart and Cedar Anderson, the father-and-son team behind the world's most successful beekeeping invention.Including ... - Complete beginner set-up - start your first hive in any space, including rooftops, courtyards and balconies - Year-round bee care - how to care for your bees throughout the seasons in whatever part of the world you live - Step-by-step honey harvesting - extract liquid gold simply and without harming your bees - Expert pest control - latest treatments and prevention methods - Troubleshooting solutions - advice on common beekeeping challenges - Honey recipes - favourite ways to make the most of your delicious harvest - Environmental impact - become a pollinator hero and help your local ecosystem. The authors also share the incredible origin story of the Flow Hive which, after many years of experimentation, was launched with one of the most successful crowdfunding campaigns in history. The Flow Hive has since sold over 130,000 units in 130 countries around the world, transforming beekeeping everywhere. Their inspirational tale of ingenuity and persistence will inspire you to start your own beekeeping journey.

Offering a valuable resource for medical and other historians, this book explores the processes by which pharmacy in Britain and its colonies separated from medicine and made the transition from trade to profession during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. When the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1841, its founders considered pharmacy to be a branch of medicine. However, the 1852 Pharmacy Act made the exclusion of pharmacists from the medical profession inevitable, and in 1864 the General Medical Council decided that pharmacy legislation was best left to pharmacists themselves. Yet across the Empire, pharmacy struggled to establish itself as an autonomous profession, with doctors in many colonies reluctant to surrender control over pharmacy. In this book the author traces the professionalization of pharmacy by exploring issues including collective action by pharmacists, the role of the state, the passage of legislation, the extension of education, and its separation from medicine.The author considers the extent to which the British model of pharmacy shaped pharmacy in the Empire, exploring the situation in the Divisions of Empire where the 1914 British Pharmacopoeia applied: Canada, the West Indies, the Mediterranean colonies, the colonies in West and South Africa, India and the Eastern colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific Islands. This insightful and wide-ranging book offers a unique history of British pharmaceutical policy and practice within the colonial world, and provides a firm foundation for further studies in this under-researched aspect of the history of medicine.

Offering a valuable resource for medical and other historians, this book explores the processes by which pharmacy in Britain and its colonies separated from medicine and made the transition from trade to profession during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. When the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1841, its founders considered pharmacy to be a branch of medicine. However, the 1852 Pharmacy Act made the exclusion of pharmacists from the medical profession inevitable, and in 1864 the General Medical Council decided that pharmacy legislation was best left to pharmacists themselves. Yet across the Empire, pharmacy struggled to establish itself as an autonomous profession, with doctors in many colonies reluctant to surrender control over pharmacy. In this book the author traces the professionalization of pharmacy by exploring issues including collective action by pharmacists, the role of the state, the passage of legislation, the extension of education, and its separation from medicine.The author considers the extent to which the British model of pharmacy shaped pharmacy in the Empire, exploring the situation in the Divisions of Empire where the 1914 British Pharmacopoeia applied: Canada, the West Indies, the Mediterranean colonies, the colonies in West and South Africa, India and the Eastern colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific Islands. This insightful and wide-ranging book offers a unique history of British pharmaceutical policy and practice within the colonial world, and provides a firm foundation for further studies in this under-researched aspect of the history of medicine.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, SAFECOMP 2003, held in Edinburgh, UK in September 2003.The 30 revised full papers presented together with two keynote talk abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 96 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on formal methods, design for dependability, security and formal methods, dependability and performance analysis, dependability of medical systems, fault tolerance, tools for dependable design, dependability of critical infrastructures, hazard and safety analysis, and design for dependability.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, SAFECOMP 2002, held in Catania, Italy in September 2002.The 27 revised papers presented together with 3 keynote presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on human-computer system dependability, human factors, security, dependability assessment, application of formal methods, reliability assessment, design for dependability, and safety assessment.