Tomaso Poggio – författare

An exploration of the past, present, and possible futures of AI from an AI pioneer.Intelligence remains an open mystery. The fact that only humans possess language, alphabets, and science doesn’t grant us a monopoly on it. We share our existence with millions of other species, both animal and plant, each endowed with such a diverse range of cognitive abilities that they form an almost infinite spectrum of intelligences. Brains Minds Machines explores these intelligences and goes further to examine the possibilities, risks, and opportunities of our newest one—artificial intelligence.Thanks to the combined emergence of more sophisticated algorithms, vast databases, and immense computing power, the age-old aspiration of mathematically replicating human intelligence has achieved unexpected milestones. While still far from truly succeeding, a small “zoo” of artificial intelligences can already perform numerous tasks typically done by humans. Like electricity or computers, this technology is poised to transform society, the economy, and daily life, bringing with it a host of risks and opportunities. However, it is also going to be an opportunity for new, extraordinary scientific discoveries, starting with the very secrets of intelligence itself —the fundamental principles common to all forms of intelligence.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, BMCV 2002, held in Tübingen, Germany, in November 2002.The 22 revised full papers and 37 revised short papers presented together with 6 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 97 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on neurons and features, motion, mid-level vision, recognition - from scenes to neurons, attention, robotics, and cognitive vision.

It is our great pleasure and honor to organize the First IEEE Computer Society International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2000). The workshop BMCV 2000 aims to facilitate debates on biologically motivated vision systems and to provide an opportunity for researchers in the area of vision to see and share the latest developments in state-of-the-art technology. The rapid progress being made in the field of computer vision has had a tremendous impact on the modeling and implementation of biologically motivated computer vision. A multitude of new advances and findings in the domain of computer vision will be presented at this workshop. By December 1999 a total of 90 full papers had been submitted from 28 countries. To ensure the high quality of workshop and proceedings, the program committee selected and accepted 56 of them after a thorough review process. Of these papers 25 will be presented in 5 oral sessions and 31 in a poster session. The papers span a variety of topics in computer vision from computational theories to their implementation. In addition to these excellent presentations, there will be eight invited lectures by distinguished scientists on “hot” topics. We must add that the program committee and the reviewers did an excellent job within a tight schedule.

It is our great pleasure and honor to organize the First IEEE Computer Society International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2000). The workshop BMCV 2000 aims to facilitate debates on biologically motivated vision systems and to provide an opportunity for researchers in the area of vision to see and share the latest developments in state-of-the-art technology. The rapid progress being made in the field of computer vision has had a tremendous impact on the modeling and implementation of biologically motivated computer vision. A multitude of new advances and findings in the domain of computer vision will be presented at this workshop. By December 1999 a total of 90 full papers had been submitted from 28 countries. To ensure the high quality of workshop and proceedings, the program committee selected and accepted 56 of them after a thorough review process. Of these papers 25 will be presented in 5 oral sessions and 31 in a poster session. The papers span a variety of topics in computer vision from computational theories to their implementation. In addition to these excellent presentations, there will be eight invited lectures by distinguished scientists on “hot” topics. We must add that the program committee and the reviewers did an excellent job within a tight schedule.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at The 2010 Int- national Conference on Brain Informatics (BI 2010) held at York University, Toronto, Canada, during August 28-30, 2010. It was organized by the Web - telligenceConsortium(WIC),theIEEEComputationalIntelligenceSocietyTask Force on Brain Informatics (IEEE-CIS TF-BI), and York University. The c- ference washeld jointly with the 2010InternationalConference on Active Media Technology (AMT 2010). Brain informatics (BI) hasemergedasaninterdisciplinaryresearch?eld that focuses on studying the mechanisms underlying the human information proce- ing system (HIPS). It investigates the essential functions of the brain, ranging from perception to thinking, and encompassing such areas as multi-perception, attention, memory, language, computation, heuristic search, reasoning, pl- ning, decision-making, problem-solving, learning, discovery, and creativity.The goal of BI is to develop and demonstrate a systematic approach to achieving an integrated understanding of both macroscopic and microscopic-level working principles of the brain, by means of experimental, computational, and cognitive neuroscience studies, as well as utilizing advanced Web intelligence (WI)-centric information technologies. BI represents a potentially revolutionary shift in the way that research is undertaken. It attempts to capture new forms of colla- rative and interdisciplinary work. In this vision, new kinds of BI methods and global research communities will emerge, through infrastructure on the wisdom Web and knowledge grids that enable high-speed and distributed, large-scale analysis and computations, and radically new ways of sharing data/knowledge. TheBrainInformaticsConferencesstartedwiththeFirstWICIInternational Workshop on Web Intelligence meets Brain Informatics (WImBI 2006), held at Beijing,China,December15-16,2006.