V. Kreinovich - Böcker

This text contains primarily survey articles of actual industrial applications of numerical analysis with automatic result verification and of interval representation of data. Underlying topics include branch and bound algorithms for global optimization, constraint propagation, solution sets of linear systems, hardware and software systems for interval computations, and fuzzy logic. Actual applications described in the book include economic input-output models, quality control in manufacturing design, a computer-assisted proof in quantum mechanics, medical expert systems, and others. A realistic view of interval computations is taken: the articles indicate when and how overestimation and other challenges can be overcome. An introductory chapter explains the content of the papers in terminology accessible to mathematically literate graduate students.

This volume is intended to be used as a textbook for a special topic course in computer science. It addresses contemporary research topics of interest such as intelligent control, genetic algorithms, neural networks, optimization techniques, expert systems, fractals, and computer vision. The work incorporates many new research ideas, and focuses on the role of continuous mathematics.

The input data for data processing algorithms come from measurements and are therefore not precise. It is therefore necessary to estimate the accuracy of the results of data processing. Even for the simplest data processing algorithms, this problem is, however, intractable. This book describes for what classes of problems interval computations (i.e. data processing with automatic results verification) are feasible, and when they are intractable. This knowledge is important for algorithm developers, because it will enable them to concentrate on the classes of problems for which general algorithms are possible.

This title presents a clear, systematic treatment of convergence theorems of set-valued random variables (random sets) and fuzzy set-valued random variables (random fuzzy sets). Topics such as strong laws of large numbers and central limit theorems, including results in connection with the theory of empirical processes, are covered. The author's own recent developments on martingale convergence theorems and their applications to data processing are also included. The mathematical foundations along with a clear explanation such as H"olmander's embedding theorem, notions of various convergence of sets and fuzzy sets, Aumann integrals, conditional expectations, selection theorems, measurability and integrability arguments for both set-valued and fuzzy set-valued random variables and newly obtained optimizations techniques based on invariant properties are also given.

The input data for data processing algorithms come from measurements and are hence not precise. We therefore need to estimate the accuracy of the results of data processing. It turns out that even for the simplest data processing algorithms, this problem is, in general, intractable. This book describes for what classes of problems interval computations (i.e. data processing with automatic results verification) are feasible, and when they are intractable. This knowledge is important, e.g. for algorithm developers, because it will enable them to concentrate on the classes of problems for which general algorithms are possible.

Primary Audience for the Book • Specialists in numerical computations who are interested in algorithms with automatic result verification. • Engineers, scientists, and practitioners who desire results with automatic verification and who would therefore benefit from the experience of suc­ cessful applications. • Students in applied mathematics and computer science who want to learn these methods. Goal Of the Book This book contains surveys of applications of interval computations, i. e. , appli­ cations of numerical methods with automatic result verification, that were pre­ sented at an international workshop on the subject in EI Paso, Texas, February 23-25, 1995. The purpose of this book is to disseminate detailed and surveyed information about existing and potential applications of this new growing field. Brief Description of the Papers At the most fundamental level, interval arithmetic operations work with sets: The result of a single arithmetic operation is the set of all possible results as the operands range over the domain. For example, [0. 9,1. 1] + [2. 9,3. 1] = [3. 8,4. 2], where [3. 8,4. 2] = {x + ylx E [0. 9,1. 1] and y E [3. 8,4. 2]}. The power of interval arithmetic comes from the fact that (i) the elementary operations and standard functions can be computed for intervals with formulas and subroutines; and (ii) directed roundings can be used, so that the images of these operations (e. g.

This volume is intended to be used as a textbook for a special topic course in computer science. It addresses contemporary research topics of interest such as intelligent control, genetic algorithms, neural networks, optimization techniques, expert systems, fractals, and computer vision. The work incorporates many new research ideas, and focuses on the role of continuous mathematics. Audience: This book will be valuable to graduate students interested in theoretical computer topics, algorithms, expert systems, neural networks, and software engineering.