Hung T. Nguyen - Böcker

The study of random sets is a large and rapidly growing area with connections to many areas of mathematics and applications in widely varying disciplines, from economics and decision theory to biostatistics and image analysis. The drawback to such diversity is that the research reports are scattered throughout the literature, with the result that in science and engineering, and even in the statistics community, the topic is not well known and much of the enormous potential of random sets remains untapped.An Introduction to Random Sets provides a friendly but solid initiation into the theory of random sets. It builds the foundation for studying random set data, which, viewed as imprecise or incomplete observations, are ubiquitous in today's technological society. The author, widely known for his best-selling A First Course in Fuzzy Logic text as well as his pioneering work in random sets, explores motivations, such as coarse data analysis and uncertainty analysis in intelligent systems, for studying random sets as stochastic models. Other topics include random closed sets, related uncertainty measures, the Choquet integral, the convergence of capacity functionals, and the statistical framework for set-valued observations. An abundance of examples and exercises reinforce the concepts discussed.Designed as a textbook for a course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level, this book will serve equally well for self-study and as a reference for researchers in fields such as statistics, mathematics, engineering, and computer science.

This is the first half of a set of lecture notes with exercises - a text - for two semester course in mathematical statistics at the senior/graduate level for those who need a strong background in statistics as an essential tool in their career. To study this text, the reader needs a thorough familiarity with calculus including such things as Jacobians and series but somewhat less intense familiarity with matrices including quadratic forms and eigenvalues. For convenience, these lecture notes were divided into two parts: Volume I, Probability for Statistics, for the first semester, and Volume II, Statistical Inference, for the second.

THIS IS BOTH PROMO TEXT AND BACK COVER COPY!!!!! The chapters in this volume are based on a scientific workshop on the "Applications and Theory of Random Sets". They address theoretical and applied aspects of this field in diverse areas of applications such as Image Modeling and Analysis, Information/Data Fusion, and Theoretical Statistics and Expert Systems. Emphasis is given to potential applications in engineering problems of practical intereSt. This volume is of interest to mathematicians, engineers and scientists who are interested in the potential application of random set theory to practical problems in imaging, information fusion, and expert systems.

This decade has witnessed increasing interest in fuzzy technology both from academia and industry. It is often said that fuzzy theory is easy and simple so that engineers can progress quickly to real applications. However, the lack of knowledge of design methodologies and the theoretical results of fuzzy theory have often caused problems for design engineers. The aim of this book is to provide a rigorous background for uncertainty calculi, with an emphasis on fuzziness. "Fundamentals of Uncertainty Calculi with Applications to Fuzzy Inference" is primarily about the type of knowledge expressed in a natural language, that is, in linguistic terms. The approach to modelling such knowledge is based upon the mathematical theory of uncertainty related to the fuzzy measures and integrals and their applications. The book consists of two parts: Chapters 2-6 comprise the theory, and applications are offered in Chapters 7-10. In the theory section the exposition is mathematical in nature and gives a complete background on uncertainty measures and integrals, especially in a fuzzy setting.Applications concern recent ones of fuzzy measures and integrals to problems such as pattern recognition, decision making and subjective multicriteria evaluations.

This volume is an introduction to stochastic processes and their statistics. Basic stochastic processes are developed from real world situations to the need for generating mathematical models, while at the same time students learn to apply theoretical models. The lessons cover basic stochastic processes such as Poisson processes, Markov chains, random walks, renewal theory, queuing theory, ARMA models, martingales, Brownian motion and diffusion processes. The statistical topics treated include the basic aspects of statistics of point processes, stationary processes and diffusion processes.

Data fusion or information fusion are names which have been primarily assigned to military-oriented problems. In military applications, typical data fusion problems are: multisensor, multitarget detection, object identification, tracking, threat assessment, mission assessment and mission planning, among many others. However, it is clear that the basic concepts underlying such fusion procedures can often be used in nonmilitary applications as well. The purpose of this text is twofold: firstly, to point out present gaps in the way data fusion problems are conceptually treated, and secondly, to address this issue by exhibiting mathematical tools which treat a combination of evidence in the presence of uncertainty in a more systematic and comprehensive way. These techniques are based essentially on two ideas relating to probability theory: the newly developed fields of random set theory and conditional and relational event algebra. The book is intended to be both an update on research progress on data fusion and an introduction to potentially powerful new techniques: fuzzy logic, random set theory, and conditional and relational event algebra.The text may be useful as a reference book for researchers and practitioners in data fusion or expert systems theory, or for graduate students as text for a research seminar or graduate level course.

This volume is intended to be used as a textbook for a special topic course in computer science. It addresses contemporary research topics of interest such as intelligent control, genetic algorithms, neural networks, optimization techniques, expert systems, fractals, and computer vision. The work incorporates many new research ideas, and focuses on the role of continuous mathematics.

The analysis and control of complex systems have been the main motivation for the emergence of fuzzy set theory since its inception. also a major research field where many applications, especially industrial ones, have made fuzzy logic famous. This handbook is devoted to a presentation of fuzzy systems engineering methods. It includes detailed material and extensive bibliographies, written by leading experts in the field, on topics such as: use of fuzzy logic in various control systems; fuzzy rule-based modelling and its universal approximation properties; learning and tuning techniques for fuzzy models, using neural networks and genetic algorithms; fuzzy control methods, including issues such as stability analysis and design techniques, as well as the relationship with traditional linear control; and fuzzy sets relation to the study of chaotic systems, and the fuzzy extension of set-valued approaches to systems modelling through the use of differential inclusions.

A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, Fourth Edition is an expanded version of the successful third edition. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic.This popular text offers a firm mathematical basis for the calculus of fuzzy concepts necessary for designing intelligent systems and a solid background for readers to pursue further studies and real-world applications.New in the Fourth Edition: Features new results on fuzzy sets of type-2 Provides more information on copulas for modeling dependence structures Includes quantum probability for uncertainty modeling in social sciences, especially in economics With its comprehensive updates, this new edition presents all the background necessary for students, instructors and professionals to begin using fuzzy logic in its many—applications in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and engineering. About the Authors:Hung T. Nguyen is a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Economics at Chiang Mai University, Thailand.Carol L. Walker is also a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.Elbert A. Walker is a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.

Drawing from many sources in the literature, Stochastic Dominance and Applications to Finance, Risk and Economics illustrates how stochastic dominance (SD) can be used as a method for risk assessment in decision making. It provides basic background on SD for various areas of applications. Useful Concepts and Techniques for Economics ApplicationsThe majority of the text presents a systematic exposition of SD, emphasizing rigor and generality. It covers utility theory, multivariate SD, quantile functions, risk modeling, Choquet integrals, other risk measures, statistical inference, nonparametric estimation, hypothesis testing, and econometrics. The remainder of the book explores new applications of SD in finance, risk, and economics. At the beginning of each economic concept, the authors clearly explain only the necessary mathematics so readers are not overburdened with learning nonessential, arduous mathematics.This accessible guide helps readers build a useful repertoire of mathematical tools in decision making under uncertainty, especially in investment science. It provides thorough coverage on the theory of SD, along with many applications to economics and other fields where risk is crucial.

A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, Fourth Edition is an expanded version of the successful third edition. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic.This popular text offers a firm mathematical basis for the calculus of fuzzy concepts necessary for designing intelligent systems and a solid background for readers to pursue further studies and real-world applications.New in the Fourth Edition: Features new results on fuzzy sets of type-2 Provides more information on copulas for modeling dependence structures Includes quantum probability for uncertainty modeling in social sciences, especially in economicsWith its comprehensive updates, this new edition presents all the background necessary for students, instructors and professionals to begin using fuzzy logic in its many—applications in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and engineering. About the Authors:Hung T. Nguyen is a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Economics at Chiang Mai University, Thailand.Carol L. Walker is also a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.Elbert A. Walker is a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.

Drawing from many sources in the literature, Stochastic Dominance and Applications to Finance, Risk and Economics illustrates how stochastic dominance (SD) can be used as a method for risk assessment in decision making. It provides basic background on SD for various areas of applications. Useful Concepts and Techniques for Economics ApplicationsThe majority of the text presents a systematic exposition of SD, emphasizing rigor and generality. It covers utility theory, multivariate SD, quantile functions, risk modeling, Choquet integrals, other risk measures, statistical inference, nonparametric estimation, hypothesis testing, and econometrics. The remainder of the book explores new applications of SD in finance, risk, and economics. At the beginning of each economic concept, the authors clearly explain only the necessary mathematics so readers are not overburdened with learning nonessential, arduous mathematics.This accessible guide helps readers build a useful repertoire of mathematical tools in decision making under uncertainty, especially in investment science. It provides thorough coverage on the theory of SD, along with many applications to economics and other fields where risk is crucial.

This is the first half of a text for a two semester course in mathematical statistics at the senior/graduate level for those who need a strong background in statistics as an essential tool in their career. To study this text, the reader needs a thorough familiarity with calculus including such things as Jacobians and series but somewhat less intense familiarity with matrices including quadratic forms and eigenvalues. For convenience, these lecture notes were divided into two parts: Volume I, Probability for Statistics, for the first semester, and Volume II, Statistical Inference, for the second. We suggest that the following distinguish this text from other introductions to mathematical statistics. 1. The most obvious thing is the layout. We have designed each lesson for the (U.S.) 50 minute class; those who study independently probably need the traditional three hours for each lesson. Since we have more than (the U.S. again) 90 lessons, some choices have to be made. In the table of contents, we have used a * to designate those lessons which are "interesting but not essential" (INE) and may be omitted from a general course; some exercises and proofs in other lessons are also "INE". We have made lessons of some material which other writers might stuff into appendices. Incorporating this freedom of choice has led to some redundancy, mostly in definitions, which may be beneficial.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications RANDOM SETS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS is based on the proceedings of a very successful 1996 three-day Summer Program on "Application and Theory of Random Sets." We would like to thank the scientific organizers: John Goutsias (Johns Hopkins University), Ronald P.S. Mahler (Lockheed Martin), and Hung T. Nguyen (New Mexico State University) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. We also take this opportunity to thank the Army Research Office (ARO), the Office ofNaval Research (0NR), and the Eagan, MinnesotaEngineering Center ofLockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems, whose financial support made the summer program possible. Avner Friedman Robert Gulliver v PREFACE "Later generations will regard set theory as a disease from which one has recovered. " - Henri Poincare Random set theory was independently conceived by D.G. Kendall and G. Matheron in connection with stochastic geometry. It was however G.

The analysis and control of complex systems have been the main motivation for the emergence of fuzzy set theory since its inception. It is also a major research field where many applications, especially industrial ones, have made fuzzy logic famous. This unique handbook is devoted to an extensive, organized, and up-to-date presentation of fuzzy systems engineering methods. The book includes detailed material and extensive bibliographies, written by leading experts in the field, on topics such as: Use of fuzzy logic in various control systems. Fuzzy rule-based modeling and its universal approximation properties. Learning and tuning techniques for fuzzy models, using neural networks and genetic algorithms. Fuzzy control methods, including issues such as stability analysis and design techniques, as well as the relationship with traditional linear control. Fuzzy sets relation to the study of chaotic systems, and the fuzzy extension of set-valued approaches to systems modeling through the use of differential inclusions. Fuzzy Systems: Modeling and Control is part of The Handbooks of Fuzzy Sets Series. The series provides a complete picture of contemporary fuzzy set theory and its applications. This volume is a key reference for systems engineers and scientists seeking a guide to the vast amount of literature in fuzzy logic modeling and control.

This is a text (divided into two volumes) for a two semester course in Mathematical Statistics at the Senior/Graduate level. The two main pedagogical aspects in these Volumes are: (i) the material is designed in lessons (each for a 50 minute class) with complementary exercises and home work. (ii) although the material is traditional, great care is exerted upon self-contained, rigorous and complete presentations. An elementary introduction to characteristic functions and probability measures and intergration, but not general measure theory in Volume I, allows a complete proof of some central limit theorems and a rigorous treatment of asymptotic of statistical inference. But students need to be familiar only with such things as Jacobians and eigenvalues of matrices. Volume II: Statistical Inference is designed for the second semester and contains a rigorous introduction to Mathematical Statistics, from random samples to asymptotic theory of statistical inference.

Although the use of fuzzy control methods has grown nearly to the level of classical control, the true understanding of fuzzy control lags seriously behind. Moreover, most engineers are well versed in either traditional control or in fuzzy control-rarely both. Each has applications for which it is better suited, but without a good understanding of both, engineers cannot make a sound determination of which technique to use for a given situation.A First Course in Fuzzy and Neural Control is designed to build the foundation needed to make those decisions. It begins with an introduction to standard control theory, then makes a smooth transition to complex problems that require innovative fuzzy, neural, and fuzzy-neural techniques. For each method, the authors clearly answer the questions: What is this new control method? Why is it needed? How is it implemented? Real-world examples, exercises, and ideas for student projects reinforce the concepts presented.Developed from lecture notes for a highly successful course titled The Fundamentals of Soft Computing, the text is written in the same reader-friendly style as the authors' popular A First Course in Fuzzy Logic text. A First Course in Fuzzy and Neural Control requires only a basic background in mathematics and engineering and does not overwhelm students with unnecessary material but serves to motivate them toward more advanced studies.

The study of random sets is a large and rapidly growing area with connections to many areas of mathematics and applications in widely varying disciplines, from economics and decision theory to biostatistics and image analysis. The drawback to such diversity is that the research reports are scattered throughout the literature, with the result that in science and engineering, and even in the statistics community, the topic is not well known and much of the enormous potential of random sets remains untapped.An Introduction to Random Sets provides a friendly but solid initiation into the theory of random sets. It builds the foundation for studying random set data, which, viewed as imprecise or incomplete observations, are ubiquitous in today's technological society. The author, widely known for his best-selling A First Course in Fuzzy Logic text as well as his pioneering work in random sets, explores motivations, such as coarse data analysis and uncertainty analysis in intelligent systems, for studying random sets as stochastic models. Other topics include random closed sets, related uncertainty measures, the Choquet integral, the convergence of capacity functionals, and the statistical framework for set-valued observations. An abundance of examples and exercises reinforce the concepts discussed.Designed as a textbook for a course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level, this book will serve equally well for self-study and as a reference for researchers in fields such as statistics, mathematics, engineering, and computer science.

This book discusses heuristic methods – methods lacking a solid theoretical justification – which are ubiquitous in numerous application areas, and explains techniques that can make heuristic methods more reliable.

This book discusses heuristic methods – methods lacking a solid theoretical justification – which are ubiquitous in numerous application areas, and explains techniques that can make heuristic methods more reliable.

This research monograph presents basic foundational aspects for a theory of statistics with fuzzy data, together with a set of practical applications. Fuzzy data are modeled as observations from random fuzzy sets. Theories of fuzzy logic and of random closed sets are used as basic ingredients in building statistical concepts and procedures in the context of imprecise data, including coarse data analysis. The monograph also aims at motivating statisticians to look at fuzzy statistics to enlarge the domain of applicability of statistics in general.Hung T. Nguyen is a professor of Mathematical Sciences at New Mexico State University, USA.Berlin Wu is a professor of Mathematical Sciences at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.

This research monograph presents basic foundational aspects for a theory of statistics with fuzzy data, together with a set of practical applications. Fuzzy data are modeled as observations from random fuzzy sets. Theories of fuzzy logic and of random closed sets are used as basic ingredients in building statistical concepts and procedures in the context of imprecise data, including coarse data analysis. The monograph also aims at motivating statisticians to look at fuzzy statistics to enlarge the domain of applicability of statistics in general.Hung T. Nguyen is a professor of Mathematical Sciences at New Mexico State University, USA.Berlin Wu is a professor of Mathematical Sciences at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.

In many practical situations, we are interested in statistics characterizing a population of objects: e.g. in the mean height of people from a certain area. Most algorithms for estimating such statistics assume that the sample values are exact. In practice, sample values come from measurements, and measurements are never absolutely accurate. Sometimes, we know the exact probability distribution of the measurement inaccuracy, but often, we only know the upper bound on this inaccuracy. In this case, we have interval uncertainty: e.g. if the measured value is 1.0, and inaccuracy is bounded by 0.1, then the actual (unknown) value of the quantity can be anywhere between 1.0 - 0.1 = 0.9 and 1.0 + 0.1 = 1.1. In other cases, the values are expert estimates, and we only have fuzzy information about the estimation inaccuracy. This book shows how to compute statistics under such interval and fuzzy uncertainty. The resulting methods are applied to computer science (optimal scheduling of different processors), to information technology (maintaining privacy), to computer engineering (design of computer chips), and to data processing in geosciences, radar imaging, and structural mechanics.

In many practical situations, we are interested in statistics characterizing a population of objects: e.g. in the mean height of people from a certain area. Most algorithms for estimating such statistics assume that the sample values are exact. In practice, sample values come from measurements, and measurements are never absolutely accurate. Sometimes, we know the exact probability distribution of the measurement inaccuracy, but often, we only know the upper bound on this inaccuracy. In this case, we have interval uncertainty: e.g. if the measured value is 1.0, and inaccuracy is bounded by 0.1, then the actual (unknown) value of the quantity can be anywhere between 1.0 - 0.1 = 0.9 and 1.0 + 0.1 = 1.1. In other cases, the values are expert estimates, and we only have fuzzy information about the estimation inaccuracy. This book shows how to compute statistics under such interval and fuzzy uncertainty. The resulting methods are applied to computer science (optimal scheduling of different processors), to information technology (maintaining privacy), to computer engineering (design of computer chips), and to data processing in geosciences, radar imaging, and structural mechanics.

This decade has witnessed increasing interest in fuzzy technology both from academia and industry. It is often said that fuzzy theory is easy and simple so that engineers can progress quickly to real applications. However, the lack of knowledge of design methodologies and the theoretical results of fuzzy theory have often caused problems for design engineers. The aim of this book is to provide a rigorous background for uncertainty calculi, with an emphasis on fuzziness. Fundamentals of Uncertainty Calculi with Applications to Fuzzy Inference is primarily about the type of knowledge expressed in a natural language, that is, in linguistic terms. The approach to modeling such knowledge is based upon the mathematical theory of uncertainty related to the fuzzy measures and integrals and their applications. The book consists of two parts: Chapters 2--6 comprise the theory, and applications are offered in Chapters 7--10. In the theory section the exposition is mathematical in nature and gives a complete background on uncertainty measures and integrals, especially in a fuzzy setting.Applications concern recent ones of fuzzy measures and integrals to problems such as pattern recognition, decision making and subjective multicriteria evaluations.

This volume is an introduction to stochastic processes and their statistics. Basic stochastic processes are developed from real world situations to the need for generating mathematical models, while at the same time students learn to apply theoretical models. The lessons cover basic stochastic processes such as Poisson processes, Markov chains, random walks, renewal theory, queuing theory, ARMA models, martingales, Brownian motion and diffusion processes. The statistical topics treated include the basic aspects of statistics of point processes, stationary processes and diffusion processes. Audience: This textbook will be useful for one-semester courses at graduate level to students of mathematics, statistics, computer science, electrical and industrial engineering and economics.

Data fusion or information fusion are names which have been primarily assigned to military-oriented problems. In military applications, typical data fusion problems are: multisensor, multitarget detection, object identification, tracking, threat assessment, mission assessment and mission planning, among many others. However, it is clear that the basic underlying concepts underlying such fusion procedures can often be used in nonmilitary applications as well. The purpose of this book is twofold: First, to point out present gaps in the way data fusion problems are conceptually treated. Second, to address this issue by exhibiting mathematical tools which treat combination of evidence in the presence of uncertainty in a more systematic and comprehensive way. These techniques are based essentially on two novel ideas relating to probability theory: the newly developed fields of random set theory and conditional and relational event algebra. This volume is intended to be both an update on research progress on data fusion and an introduction to potentially powerful new techniques: fuzzy logic, random set theory, and conditional and relational event algebra. Audience: This volume can be used as a reference book for researchers and practitioners in data fusion or expert systems theory, or for graduate students as text for a research seminar or graduate level course.