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Computers are embedded into almost everything we own. Our doorbells, kitchen gadgets, vacuum cleaners, and media players are all powerful computing devices running software that someone has written. ​Using the flexible Python programming language, Python Projects for Raspberry Pi shows you how to get the most out of the Pico range of microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi computers like Raspberry Pi 5.​Learn how to:​Interact with sensors and motors​​Build a smart weather station​​Make your own games console​​Add web interfaces to your projects​Recognise gestures with machine learningGet the most out of your Raspberry Pi Pico with MicroPythonExtend Python with C​Perfect for intermediate users who want to sense, control, and take over the world with homemade digital assistants, smart devices, and robots.

Large language models can perform strong reasoning tasks, but using them alone is not enough. To build powerful applications, you need to know how to create and customise them. This book guides you to build your own reasoning model. It explains complex ideas in a simple way and shows how to build a model that can reason.  Pretrain a large language model for general text generation.  Fine-tune the model to improve reasoning tasks.  Evaluate model performance using standard benchmarks.  Understand the complete, hands-on project of building a reasoning model.  Learn to customise the model using your own data. Build a Reasoning Model (From Scratch) is a practical guide to creating your own large language models. The book takes you through a complete hands-on project. You will learn to prepare data, pretrain a model and fine-tune it for reasoning. The author explains each step clearly so that you can build a working model. After reading this book, you will have the skills to build and adapt your own reasoning models. You can move beyond using existing tools and start creating your own intelligent systems. This book is for readers who know Python and have some knowledge of machine learning.

Embedded controller electronics are at the heart of virtually all modern electronic devices today with a market of more than $86 billion per year and growing. To serve the needs of designers creating products for this huge market, this practical book covers topics crucial for modern electronics design.Author Jerry Twomey examines the methods necessary to help you create a trouble-free integrated system for your product, with an emphasis on hardware design. You'll explore topics from the perspective of real-world applications, including discussions about non-ideal components, noise, and methods for avoiding problematic scenarios.Topics include:Ideal versus actual connections, components, digital, signalsArchitecting an embedded systemDigital interface selection by application, speed, distanceMultivoltage power suppliesHigh frequency power integrityBattery and charging systemsEMI reduction and ESD protectionDriving and sensing peripheralsDigital feedback controlOptimization of power consumption and costSpecialty systems: medical, industrial, aerospacePCB design including manufacturability, yield, and low noiseThis book guides you through all of the techniques listed, which are required for a reliable integrated system. Through extensive illustrations and minimal equations, anyone with an interest in electronics will quickly grasp the ideas discussed.

Learn how to set up your Raspberry Pi, write code, and build projects with electronic components.Raspberry Pi is a small, clever, British-built computer that's packed with potential. Made using a desktop-class, energy-efficient processor, Raspberry Pi is designed to help you learn coding, discover how computers work, and build your own amazing things. This book was written to show you just how easy it is to get started.Learn how to:Set up your Raspberry Pi, install its operating system, and start using this fully functional computer.Start coding projects, with step-by-step guides using the Scratch 3, Python, and MicroPython programming languages.Experiment with connecting electronic components, and have fun creating amazing projects.Take photos with the Raspberry Pi Camera Module.This revised edition is updated for the latest Raspberry Pi computers and software, including the Raspberry Pi 500+ and Raspberry Pi OS Trixie.Whichever model you have, a standard Raspberry Pi board; a compact Raspberry Pi Zero; or a Raspberry Pi with integrated keyboard, this affordable computer can be used to learn coding, build robots, and create all kinds of weird and wonderful projects. If you want to make games, build robots, or hack a variety of amazing projects, then this book is here to help you get started.

Sometimes only words will do. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were a great advance, creating an easy route into computer use for many non-technical users. For complex tasks, though, the interface can become a limitation: blocking off choices, and leaving a circuitous route even for only moderately complicated jobs.(Re-)Enter the command line: the blinking cursor that many thought had faded away in the 1990s. For getting instructions from user to computer - in a clear, quick, and unambiguous form - the command line is often the best way. It never disappeared on UNIX systems, and now, thanks to Raspberry Pi OS on the Raspberry Pi, a new generation is discovering the power of the command line to simplify complex tasks, or instantly carry out simple ones.Master essential skills:Read and write text filesFind & install softwareManage removable storageUse Secure Shell for remote accessCreate Raspberry Pi SD cardsGoing online in the command lineand much, much more.If you're not comfortable when faced with the $ prompt, then don't panic! In this fully updated book, we'll quickly make you feel at home, and able to find your way around the terminal on the Pi, or any other GNU/Linux computer: getting things done, and unlocking the power of the command line.Updated for the latest Raspberry Pi devices and hardware, this book has everything you need to get started.

Learning assembly language won’t make you a faster programmer. It won’t enable you to create portable, write-once, run-anywhere programs. So why learn it? The answer is that it will make you a better programmer.Author John Schwartzman takes a fresh look at low-level programming and explores how to write programs using the BIOS and glibc. This laboratory-based book aids the writing of high-level structured programs by showing what the processor can and can’t do and how it does it.You’ll take apart high-level structured C/C++ and show what the CPU is doing at every stage of the program. The book introduces programs and activities throughout the development process, providing sample code, makefiles, and shell scripts for each example program.With the help of Assembly Language Reimagined you’ll become a more capable and versatile computer engineer.What You will Learn Explore a new perspective on the Intel x64 microprocessor for low-level programmingUnderstand what a processor is doing while a high-level structured computer language program is being run Solve problems with the help of software. See why assembly language programming is essential for every serious student of computer scienceWho This Book Is For Embedded Linux and Assembly developers, engineers and programmers, hobbyists from the Maker community, as well as college and graduate level students who have some prior knowledge of a structured high-level language like C or C++

This book is a basic treatise on real-time computing, with particular emphasis on predictable scheduling algorithms. The main objectives of the book are to introduce the basic concepts of real-time computing, illustrate the most significant results in the field, and provide the basic methodologies for designing predictable computing systems useful in supporting critical control applications.Hard Real-Time Computing Systems is written for instructional use and is organized to enable readers without a strong knowledge of the subject matter to quickly grasp the material. Technical concepts are clearly defined at the beginning of each chapter, and algorithm descriptions are corroborated through concrete examples, illustrations, and tables.  This new, fourth edition includes new sections to explain the variable-rate task model, how to improve predictability and safety in cyber-physical real-time systems that exploit machine learning algorithms, additional coverage on Response Time Analysis, and a new chapter on implementing periodic real-time tasks under Linux..

Citation analysis—the exploration of reference patterns in the scholarly and scientific literature—has long been applied in a number of social sciences to study research impact, knowledge flows, and knowledge networks. It has important information science applications as well, particularly in knowledge representation and in information retrieval. Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in citation analysis to help address research, management, or information service issues such as university rankings, research evaluation, or knowledge domain visualization. This renewed and growing interest stems from significant improvements in the availability and accessibility of digital bibliographic data (both citation and full text) and of relevant computer technologies. The former provides large amounts of data and the latter the necessary tools for researchers to conduct new types of large-scale citation analysis, even without special access to special data collections. Exciting new developments are emerging this way in many aspects of citation analysis. This book critically examines both theory and practical techniques of citation network analysis and visualization, one of the two main types of citation analysis (the other being evaluative citation analysis). To set the context for its main theme, the book begins with a discussion of the foundations of citation analysis in general, including an overview of what can and what cannot be done with citation analysis (Chapter 1). An in-depth examination of the generally accepted steps and procedures for citation network analysis follows, including the concepts and techniques that are associated with each step (Chapter 2). Individual issues that are particularly important in citation network analysis are then scrutinized, namely: field delineation and data sources for citation analysis (Chapter 3); disambiguation of names and references (Chapter 4); and visualization of citation networks (Chapter 5). Sufficient technical detail is provided in each chapter so the book can serve as a practical how-to guide to conducting citation network analysis and visualization studies. While the discussion of most of the topics in this book applies to all types of citation analysis, the structure of the text and the details of procedures, examples, and tools covered here are geared to citation network analysis rather than evaluative citation analysis. This conscious choice was based on the authors’ observation that, compared to evaluative citation analysis, citation network analysis has not been covered nearly as well by dedicated books, despite the fact that it has not been subject to nearly as much severe criticism and has been substantially enriched in recent years with new theory and techniques from research areas such as network science, social network analysis, or information visualization. Table of Contents: Acknowledgment / Dedications /Foundations of Citation Analysis / Conducting Citation Network Analysis: Steps,Concepts, Techniques, and Tools / Field Delineation and Data Sources for Citation Analysis / Disambiguation in Citation Network Analysis / Visualization of Citation Networks / Appendix 3.3 / Appendix 5.4.2 / Bibliography / Author Biographies

This textbook serves as an introduction to fault-tolerance, intended for upper-division undergraduate students, graduate-level students and practicing engineers in need of an overview of the field.  Readers will develop skills in modeling and evaluating fault-tolerant architectures in terms of reliability, availability and safety.  They will gain a thorough understanding of fault tolerant computers, including both the theory of how to design and evaluate them and the practical knowledge of achieving fault-tolerance in electronic, communication and software systems.  Coverage includes fault-tolerance techniques through hardware, software, information and time redundancy.  The content is designed to be highly accessible, including numerous examples and exercises.  Solutions and powerpoint slides are available for instructors.

Nvidia is the darling of the age of artificial intelligence: its chips are powering the generative-AI revolution and demand is insatiable. For all the current interest and attention, however, Nvidia is not of our time. Founded more than three decades ago in a diner in East San Jose, for years it was known primarily in the then-niche world of computer gaming. In fact, the company’s leather-jacketed leader, Jensen Huang, is the longest-serving CEO in an industry marked by near constant turmoil and failure.In The Nvidia Way, acclaimed tech writer Tae Kim draws on more than a hundred interviews—including Jensen (as he is known) and his co-founders, the two original venture capital investors, early former employees, and current senior executives—to show how Nvidia played the longest of long games, repeatedly creating new markets and out-manoeuvring competitors. Kim offers revelations at every step.A rare view into Nvidia’s distinct culture and Jensen’s management principles, The Nvidia Way is a book for our moment as well as an instant classic of business history, with enduring lessons for entrepreneurs and managers alike.

Teaching fundamental design concepts and the challenges of emerging technology, this textbook prepares students for a career designing the computer systems of the future. Self-contained yet concise, the material can be taught in a single semester, making it perfect for use in senior undergraduate and graduate computer architecture courses. This edition has a more streamlined structure, with the reliability and other technology background sections now included in the appendix. New material includes a chapter on GPUs, providing a comprehensive overview of their microarchitectures; sections focusing on new memory technologies and memory interfaces, which are key to unlocking the potential of parallel computing systems; deeper coverage of memory hierarchies including DRAM architectures, compression in memory hierarchies and an up-to-date coverage of prefetching. Practical examples demonstrate concrete applications of definitions, while the simple models and codes used throughout ensure the material is accessible to a broad range of computer engineering/science students.

Get up to speed on the latest macOS updates and features macOS Tahoe For Dummies is your up-to-date guide to the operating system that brings your Mac computer to life. Experienced macOS expert and educator Guy Hart-Davis walks you through a comprehensive set of instructions for navigating your Mac's features and capabilities. Whether you've just jumped on the Mac bandwagon or you're a long-time Apple user, you'll benefit from the step-by-step walkthroughs of how to organize your files and photos, connect with friends using Messages and FaceTime, and securing your data against external threats and accidental loss. Navigate the new Liquid Glass interface and organize files and mediaListen to music, watch movies, and enjoy your photosUse powerful macOS system toolsTroubleshoot common issues that macOS users run into and learn how to get supportProtect yourself against hackers, phishing attacks, and other dangersmacOS Tahoe For Dummies is the essential guide for new and experienced Mac users looking to get the most out of their macOS-powered computer and take advantage of the latest features and updates Apple has packed into macOS Tahoe.

Petrol (Hatchback and Estate); 1.0 litre (998cc) 3-cyl; 1.6 litre (1596cc) 4-cyl; Diesel (Hatchback and Estate); 1.5 litre (1499cc); 1.6 litre (1560cc). Exclusions:Does NOT cover 1.5, 2.0 or 2.3 litre petrol engines, Flexfuel models or 2.0 litre diesel engine. Does NOT cover ST or RS models, 4WD, automatic or ‘Powershift’ transmissions.

Take control of your Windows 11 experience, the easy wayWith millions of copies sold over 18 editions, Windows For Dummies is the all-time best selling tech reference—and there’s a reason. Windows 11 For Dummies, 2nd Edition brings you up to speed on the latest version of Windows, so you can make your PC operate the way you need it to with no guesswork. This straightforward and approachable resource helps you keep your PC or laptop humming, helping you do things like create user profiles, get connected to networks, find lost files, make your computer play nice with a printer, and fix the most common Windows hiccups. New Windows users and upgraders alike can swiftly get up and running with Windows 11, thanks to this wildly popular guide. Discover updated tips and tricks for the latest version of Windows operating systemGet jargon-free instructions on setting up your computer, keeping your data safe, and tailoring your Windows experienceFind the apps you need and avoid all the extras you don’t needWalk through the most common features of Windows 11Even if you have no prior experience with Windows, Windows 11 For Dummies, 2nd Edition is your go-to guide for learning this popular operating system. Intermediate PC users will also find the insider info they need to keep their computers running smoothly and securely.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, InspiringThis lively Very Short Introduction reviews the central events, machines, and people that feature in established accounts of the history of computing, critically examining received perceptions and providing a fresh look at the nature and development of the modern electronic computer.The book begins by discussing a widely accepted linear narrative of the history of computing, centred around innovatory highlights that start with the use of knotted cords to aid calculation, all the way to the smartphones of the present day. It discusses the problems and simplifications present in such a narrative, and offers instead an account, centred on users, that identifies four distinct historical threads: calculation, automatic computing, information management, and communication. These threads are examined individually, tracing their paths and the convergences of related technologies into what has come to be called 'the information age'. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introduction series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

XV Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Verilog - A Tutorial Introduction Getting Started 2 A Structural Description 2 Simulating the binaryToESeg Driver 4 Creating Ports For the Module 7 Creating a Testbench For a Module 8 Behavioral Modeling of Combinational Circuits II Procedural Models 12 Rules for Synthesizing Combinational Circuits 13 Behavioral Modeling of Clocked Sequential Circuits 14 Modeling Finite State Machines IS Rules for Synthesizing Sequential Systems 18 Non-Blocking Assignment("

The SUPERMEN "After a rare speech at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, in 1976, programmers in the audience had suddenly fallen silent when Cray offered to answer questions. He stood there for several minutes, waiting for their queries, but none came. When he left, the head of NCAR's computing division chided the programmers. 'Why didn't someone raise a hand?' After a tense moment, one programmer replied, 'How do you talk to God?'" -from The SUPERMEN The Story of Seymour Cray and the Technical Wizards behind the Supercomputer "They were building revolutionary, not evolutionary, machines. . . . They were blazing a trail-molding science into a product. . . . The freedom to create was extraordinary." -from The Supermen In 1951, a soft-spoken, skinny young man fresh from the University of Minnesota took a job in an old glider factory in St. Paul. Computer technology would never be the same, for the glider factory was the home of Engineering Research Associates and the recent college grad was Seymour R. Cray. During his extraordinary career, Cray would be alternately hailed as "the Albert Einstein," "the Thomas Edison," and "the Evel Knievel" of supercomputing. At various times, he was all three-a master craftsman, inventor, and visionary whose disdain for the rigors of corporate life became legendary, and whose achievements remain unsurpassed. The Supermen is award-winning writer Charles J. Murray's exhilarating account of how the brilliant-some would say eccentric-Cray and his gifted colleagues blazed the trail that led to the Information Age. This is a thrilling, real-life scientific adventure, deftly capturing the daring, seat-of-the-pants spirit of the early days of computer development, as well as an audacious, modern-day David and Goliath battle, in which a group of maverick engineers beat out IBM to become the runaway industry leaders. Murray's briskly paced narrative begins during the final months of the Second World War, when men such as William Norris and Howard Engstrom began researching commercial applications for the code-breaking machines of wartime, and charts the rise of technological research in response to the Cold War. In those days computers were huge, cumbersome machines with names like Demon and Atlas. When Cray came on board, things quickly changed. Drawing on in-depth interviews-including the last interview Cray completed before his untimely and tragic death-Murray provides rare insight into Cray's often controversial approach to his work. Cray could spend exhausting hours in single-minded pursuit of a particular goal, and Murray takes us behind the scenes to witness late-night brainstorming sessions and miraculous eleventh-hour fixes. Cray's casual, often hostile attitude toward management, although alienating to some, was more than a passionate need for independence; he simply thought differently than others. Seymour Cray saw farther and faster, and trusted his vision with an unassailable confidence. Yet he inspired great loyalty as well, making it possible for his own start-up company, Cray Research, to bring the 54,000-employee conglomerate of Control Data to its knees. Ultimately, The Supermen is a story of genius, and how a unique set of circumstances-a small-team approach, corporate detachment, and a government-backed marketplace-enabled that genius to flourish. In an atmosphere of unparalleled freedom and creativity, Seymour Cray's vision and drive fueled a technological revolution from which America would emerge as the world's leader in supercomputing.

The return of the bestselling Chromebook guide on the market Chromebook For Dummies, Third Edition, is your easy-to-follow guide to the low-cost alternative to a traditional laptop. This beginner’s manual walks you through setting up your Chromebook, transitioning from using a traditional computer, and customizing the system to fit your needs. In case you’re wondering, the Chromebook can be used for anything you'd normally do online—checking email, browsing websites, watching videos. This book takes you through all of it, giving you the latest updates on new Chromebook hardware and software features. Navigate apps, apply advanced settings and features, and turn to this guide time and again as you customize and optimize your Chromebook’s performance. Get all the basics on using your Chromebook, in easy-to-follow Dummies styleSet up and start using your Chromebook with ease Learn about the latest features in the Chrome operating systemDiscover the benefits of Chromebook versus traditional laptopsNew and novice Chromebook users will love this approachable intro to Google’s little portable computer.

This textbook covers the new development in processor architecture and parallel hardware. It provides detailed descriptions of parallel programming techniques that are necessary for developing efficient programs for multicore processors as well as for parallel cluster systems and supercomputers. The book is structured in three main parts, covering all areas of parallel computing: the architecture of parallel systems, parallel programming models and environments, and the implementation of efficient application algorithms. The emphasis lies on parallel programming techniques needed for different architectures. In particular, this third edition includes an extended update of the chapter on computer architecture and performance analysis taking new developments such as the aspect of energy consumption into consideration. The description of OpenMP has been extended and now also captures the task concept of OpenMP. The chapter on message-passing programming has been extended and updated to include new features of MPI such as extended reduction operations and non-blocking collective communication operations. The chapter on GPU programming also has been updated. All other chapters also have been revised carefully.The main goal of this book is to present parallel programming techniques that can be used in many situations for many application areas and to enable the reader to develop correct and efficient parallel programs. Many example programs and exercises are provided to support this goal and to show how the techniques can be applied to further applications. The book can be used as a textbook for students as well as a reference book for professionals. The material of the book has been used for courses in parallel programming at different universities for many years.

Before slim laptops that fit into briefcases, computers looked like strange, alien vending machines. But in "the most staggering burst of technical invention by a single person in high-tech history" (BusinessWeek) Steve Wozniak invented the first true personal computer. Wozniak teamed up with Steve Jobs, and Apple Computer was born, igniting the computer revolution and transforming the world. In iWoz the mischievous genius with the low profile treats readers to a rollicking, no-holds-barred account of his life—for once, in the voice of the wizard himself.

"This book is a comprehensive text for the design of safety critical, hard real-time embedded systems. It offers  a splendid example for the balanced, integrated treatment of systems and software engineering, helping readers tackle the hardest problems of advanced real-time system design, such as determinism, compositionality, timing and fault management. This book is an essential reading for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines impacted by embedded computing and software. Its conceptual clarity, the style of explanations and the examples make the abstract concepts accessible for a wide audience."Janos Sztipanovits, DirectorE. Bronson Ingram Distinguished Professor of EngineeringInstitute for Software Integrated SystemsVanderbilt UniversityReal-Time Systems focuses on hard real-time systems, which are computing systems that must meet their temporal specification in all anticipated load and fault scenarios. The book stresses the system aspects of distributed real-time applications, treating the issues of real-time, distribution and fault-tolerance from an integral point of view. A unique cross-fertilization of ideas and concepts between the academic and industrial worlds has led to the inclusion of many insightful examples from industry to explain the fundamental scientific concepts in a real-world setting.  Compared to the Second Edition, new developments in communication standards for time-sensitive networks, such as TSN and Time-Triggered Ethernet are addressed. Furthermore, this edition includes a new chapter on real-time aspects in cloud and fog computing.The book is written as a standard textbook for a high-level undergraduate or graduate course on real-time embedded systems or cyber-physical systems.  Its practical approach to solving real-time problems, along with numerous summary exercises, makes it an excellent choice for researchers and practitioners alike.