Wendy Hall – författare

The Internet has become a staple of modern civilized life, now as vital a utility as electricity. But despite its growing influence, the Internet isn't as stable as it might seem; rather, it can be best thought of as a network of networks reliant on developing technical and social measures to function, including hardware, software, standards, and protocols. As millions of new internet users sign on each year, governing bodies need to balance evolving social ideas surrounding internet use against shifting political pressures on internet governance--or risk disconnection.Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. Four Internets contends that the apparently monolithic "Internet" is in fact maintained by four distinct value systems--the Silicon Valley Open Internet, the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, the DC Commercial Internet, and the Beijing Paternal Internet--competing to determine the future directions of internet affordances for freedom, innovation, security, and human rights. Starting with an analysis of the original vision of an "Open Internet," the book outlines challenges facing this vision and the subsequent rise of other internets popularized through political and monetary machinations. It then unravels how tensions between these internets play out across politics, economics, and technology, and offers perspectives on potential new internets that might arise from emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and smart cities. The book closes with an evaluation of whether all these models can continue to co-exist--and what might happen if any fall away. Visionary and accessible, Four Internets lends readers the confidence to believe in a diverse yet resilient Internet through a deeper understanding of this everyday commodity.

The Internet has become a staple of modern civilized life, now as vital a utility as electricity. But despite its growing influence, the Internet isn''t as stable as it might seem; rather, it can be best thought of as a network of networks reliant on developing technical and social measures to function, including hardware, software, standards, and protocols. As millions of new internet users sign on each year, governing bodies need to balance evolving social ideas surrounding internet use against shifting political pressures on internet governance--or risk disconnection.Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. Four Internets contends that the apparently monolithic "Internet" is in fact maintained by four distinct value systems--the Silicon Valley Open Internet, the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, the DC Commercial Internet, and the Beijing Paternal Internet--competing to determine the future directions of internet affordances for freedom, innovation, security, and human rights. Starting with an analysis of the original vision of an "Open Internet," the book outlines challenges facing this vision and the subsequent rise of other internets popularized through political and monetary machinations. It then unravels how tensions between these internets play out across politics, economics, and technology, and offers perspectives on potential new internets that might arise from emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and smart cities. The book closes with an evaluation of whether all these models can continue to co-exist--and what might happen if any fall away.Visionary and accessible, Four Internets lends readers the confidence to believe in a diverse yet resilient Internet through a deeper understanding of this everyday commodity.

The Internet has become a staple of modern civilized life, now as vital a utility as electricity. But despite its growing influence, the Internet isn''t as stable as it might seem; rather, it can be best thought of as a network of networks reliant on developing technical and social measures to function, including hardware, software, standards, and protocols. As millions of new internet users sign on each year, governing bodies need to balance evolving social ideas surrounding internet use against shifting political pressures on internet governance--or risk disconnection.Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. Four Internets contends that the apparently monolithic "Internet" is in fact maintained by four distinct value systems--the Silicon Valley Open Internet, the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, the DC Commercial Internet, and the Beijing Paternal Internet--competing to determine the future directions of internet affordances for freedom, innovation, security, and human rights. Starting with an analysis of the original vision of an "Open Internet," the book outlines challenges facing this vision and the subsequent rise of other internets popularized through political and monetary machinations. It then unravels how tensions between these internets play out across politics, economics, and technology, and offers perspectives on potential new internets that might arise from emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and smart cities. The book closes with an evaluation of whether all these models can continue to co-exist--and what might happen if any fall away.Visionary and accessible, Four Internets lends readers the confidence to believe in a diverse yet resilient Internet through a deeper understanding of this everyday commodity.

Hypermedia (often used just as Hypertext is - but in this book taken to include multimedia as well as textual online information) is a term which describes the form and structure of online information and in particular the innate characteristic of linking electronic data.The online world offered through the Web is marred by the chaos which underlies it. At the very early stages of understanding how to harness the power of this new medium, electronic document creators, managers and researchers often spend time on technology innovations at the expense of adopting the sound engineeirng principles which have paid such dividends in the software industry.Hypermedia and the Web approaches interactive information (concentrating on hypertext documents) as a structure requiring management, quantification and documentation. From analysing the purpose for which a website, CD-ROM or online archive is created and assessing the characteristics and resources needed for the process of building it, to the evaluation of the product itself, this book attempts to carve out features that are essential to structuring information in an electronic environment.Suitable for students on graduate computer science courses—Electronic Publishing, Multimedia and other online related courses. Will also be of great interest to Web Development Managers and Consultants concerned with maintainability of Websites and large electronic document archives.

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essentially the story of the Microcosm hypermedia research and development project that started in the late 1980's and from which has emerged a philosophy that re-examines the whole concept of hypermedia and its role in the evolution of multimedia information systems. The book presents the complete story of Microcosm to date. It sets the development of Microcosm in the context of the history of the subject from which it evolved, as well as the developments in the wider world of technology over the last two decades including personal computing, high-speed communications, and the growth of the Internet. These all lead us towards a world of global integrated information environments: the publishing revolution of the 20th century, in principle making vast amounts of information available to anybody anywhere in the world. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach explains the role that open hypermedia systems and link services will play in the integrated information environments of the future. It considers issues such as authoring, legacy systems and data integrity issues, and looks beyond the simple hypertext model provided in the World Wide Web and other systems today to the world of intelligent information processing agents that will help us deal with the problems of information overload and maintenance. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach will be of interest to all those who are involved in designing, implementing and maintaining hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web by setting the groundwork for producing a system that is both easy to use and easy to maintain. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essential reading for anyone involved in the provision of online information.

Understand how artificial intelligence actually works, from first principles to generative models AI Explained: A Guide for Non-Technical Readers builds understanding of artificial intelligence from first principles rather than diving in at the top. Written by experienced policy and technical experts, the book walks through rules and logic-based approaches, statistical methods, neural networks, machine learning, and generative models in accessible, structured terms. Each major section concludes with a dedicated use-cases chapter grounding abstract concepts in practical scenarios drawn from healthcare, law, and business. Rather than teaching readers how to build or deploy AI, the book answers a more fundamental question: how do these systems achieve the outcomes they produce? Coverage of AI policy, ethics, and societal impact rounds out the treatment, informed directly by the authors' advisory roles with governments and international bodies. Readers will also find: A structured progression from foundational principles through symbolic, statistical, connective, learning, and generative approaches to AIReal-world use cases connecting each branch of AI to familiar scenarios in professional and everyday contextsBalanced coverage of AI ethics, regulation, and societal impact drawn from direct policy advisory experienceClear explanations of how neural networks, machine learning algorithms, and large language models produce their resultsAn approachable foundation suited equally to cross-disciplinary university courses and independent professional developmentWritten for lawyers, business leaders, policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, journalists, and other non-technical professionals who need to understand AI rather than build it, this book replaces confusion with structured knowledge of how artificial intelligence systems operate across the full scope of the field. So if you are curious but not confident, informed but not technical, or simply trying to make sense of the rapid changes around you – if you’ve ever felt like AI is something happening to you rather than something you can actively engage with – then this book is for you.

Understand how artificial intelligence actually works, from first principles to generative models AI Explained: A Guide for Non-Technical Readers builds understanding of artificial intelligence from first principles rather than diving in at the top. Written by experienced policy and technical experts, the book walks through rules and logic-based approaches, statistical methods, neural networks, machine learning, and generative models in accessible, structured terms. Each major section concludes with a dedicated use-cases chapter grounding abstract concepts in practical scenarios drawn from healthcare, law, and business. Rather than teaching readers how to build or deploy AI, the book answers a more fundamental question: how do these systems achieve the outcomes they produce? Coverage of AI policy, ethics, and societal impact rounds out the treatment, informed directly by the authors' advisory roles with governments and international bodies. Readers will also find: A structured progression from foundational principles through symbolic, statistical, connective, learning, and generative approaches to AI Real-world use cases connecting each branch of AI to familiar scenarios in professional and everyday contexts Balanced coverage of AI ethics, regulation, and societal impact drawn from direct policy advisory experience Clear explanations of how neural networks, machine learning algorithms, and large language models produce their results An approachable foundation suited equally to cross-disciplinary university courses and independent professional development Written for lawyers, business leaders, policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, journalists, and other non-technical professionals who need to understand AI rather than build it, this book replaces confusion with structured knowledge of how artificial intelligence systems operate across the full scope of the field. So if you are curious but not confident, informed but not technical, or simply trying to make sense of the rapid changes around you if you ve ever felt like AI is something happening to you rather than something you can actively engage with then this book is for you.

Understand how artificial intelligence actually works, from first principles to generative models AI Explained: A Guide for Non-Technical Readers builds understanding of artificial intelligence from first principles rather than diving in at the top. Written by experienced policy and technical experts, the book walks through rules and logic-based approaches, statistical methods, neural networks, machine learning, and generative models in accessible, structured terms. Each major section concludes with a dedicated use-cases chapter grounding abstract concepts in practical scenarios drawn from healthcare, law, and business. Rather than teaching readers how to build or deploy AI, the book answers a more fundamental question: how do these systems achieve the outcomes they produce? Coverage of AI policy, ethics, and societal impact rounds out the treatment, informed directly by the authors' advisory roles with governments and international bodies. Readers will also find: A structured progression from foundational principles through symbolic, statistical, connective, learning, and generative approaches to AI Real-world use cases connecting each branch of AI to familiar scenarios in professional and everyday contexts Balanced coverage of AI ethics, regulation, and societal impact drawn from direct policy advisory experience Clear explanations of how neural networks, machine learning algorithms, and large language models produce their results An approachable foundation suited equally to cross-disciplinary university courses and independent professional development Written for lawyers, business leaders, policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, journalists, and other non-technical professionals who need to understand AI rather than build it, this book replaces confusion with structured knowledge of how artificial intelligence systems operate across the full scope of the field. So if you are curious but not confident, informed but not technical, or simply trying to make sense of the rapid changes around you if you ve ever felt like AI is something happening to you rather than something you can actively engage with then this book is for you.

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essentially the story of the Microcosm hypermedia research and development project that started in the late 1980's and from which has emerged a philosophy that re-examines the whole concept of hypermedia and its role in the evolution of multimedia information systems. The book presents the complete story of Microcosm to date. It sets the development of Microcosm in the context of the history of the subject from which it evolved, as well as the developments in the wider world of technology over the last two decades including personal computing, high-speed communications, and the growth of the Internet. These all lead us towards a world of global integrated information environments: the publishing revolution of the 20th century, in principle making vast amounts of information available to anybody anywhere in the world. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach explains the role that open hypermedia systems and link services will play in the integrated information environments of the future. It considers issues such as authoring, legacy systems and data integrity issues, and looks beyond the simple hypertext model provided in the World Wide Web and other systems today to the world of intelligent information processing agents that will help us deal with the problems of information overload and maintenance. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach will be of interest to all those who are involved in designing, implementing and maintaining hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web by setting the groundwork for producing a system that is both easy to use and easy to maintain. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essential reading for anyone involved in the provision of online information.

Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essentially the story of the Microcosm hypermedia research and development project that started in the late 1980''s and from which has emerged a philosophy that re-examines the whole concept of hypermedia and its role in the evolution of multimedia information systems. The book presents the complete story of Microcosm to date. It sets the development of Microcosm in the context of the history of the subject from which it evolved, as well as the developments in the wider world of technology over the last two decades including personal computing, high-speed communications, and the growth of the Internet. These all lead us towards a world of global integrated information environments: the publishing revolution of the 20th century, in principle making vast amounts of information available to anybody anywhere in the world. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach explains the role that open hypermedia systems and link services will play in the integrated information environments of the future. It considers issues such as authoring, legacy systems and data integrity issues, and looks beyond the simple hypertext model provided in the World Wide Web and other systems today to the world of intelligent information processing agents that will help us deal with the problems of information overload and maintenance. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach will be of interest to all those who are involved in designing, implementing and maintaining hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web by setting the groundwork for producing a system that is both easy to use and easy to maintain. Rethinking Hypermedia: The Microcosm Approach is essential reading for anyone involved in the provision of online information.

This book is an important resource for all primary trainees. It provides an explanation of what dyslexia is and how it affects a child's learning, suggests simple activities which can be used to screen children ready for referral and outlines some easy-to-follow activities addressing different learning styles. It is full of practical suggestions on how to teach reading, spelling and mathematics, develop writing and help with classroom organisation for children displaying difficulties in these areas. The Primary National Strategy is considered throughout and clear links are made to the Professional Standards for the Award of QTS.

This book is an important resource for all primary trainees. It provides an explanation of what dyslexia is and how it affects a child′s learning, suggests simple activities which can be used to screen children ready for referral and outlines some easy-to-follow activities addressing different learning styles. It is full of practical suggestions on how to teach reading, spelling and mathematics, develop writing and help with classroom organisation for children displaying difficulties in these areas. The Primary National Strategy is considered throughout and clear links are made to the Professional Standards for the Award of QTS.

Social machines are a type of network connected by interactive digital devices made possible by the ubiquitous adoption of technologies such as the Internet, the smartphone, social media and the read/write World Wide Web, connecting people at scale to document situations, cooperate on tasks, exchange information, or even simply to play. Existing social processes may be scaled up, and new social processes enabled, to solve problems, augment reality, create new sources of value, and disrupt existing practice.This book considers what talents one would need to understand or build a social machine, describes the state of the art, and speculates on the future, from the perspective of the EPSRC project SOCIAM – The Theory and Practice of Social Machines. The aim is to develop a set of tools and techniques for investigating, constructing and facilitating social machines, to enable us to narrow down pragmatically what is becoming a wide space, by asking ‘when willit be valuable to use these methods on a sociotechnical system?’ The systems for which the use of these methods adds value are social machines in which there is rich person-to-person communication, and where a large proportion of the machine’s behaviour is constituted by human interaction.