Bringing together leading experts in the field of tax law, this book comprehensively analyses the new global minimum taxation regime for multinational companies. Not only does it consider this unprecedented diplomatic achievement in its historic, economic and political context, but the book also explores the intricate technical detail of the GloBE model rules.Key Features:Exploration of the Pillar 2 proposal’s formative developmentDetailed discussion of key concepts such as process legitimacyExamination of the Pillar 2 objectives and the reasons which led to its adoptionAssessment of the interaction between the GloBE rules and national law, European law and existing bilateral tax treatiesConsideration of the impact of the new regime on multinational businesses and the future interaction of states through tax competitionStep-by-step analysis of the complex set of GloBE model rules that have been put in place to make the minimum taxation regime effectiveThis authoritative book is an essential resource for legal practitioners practising in tax law, fiscal policy and commercial law. The applied nature of the text is also of great benefit to policymakers working in the taxation sphere. Scholars and students of international taxation will similarly find this to be a useful reference.

Bringing together leading experts in the field of tax law, this book comprehensively analyses the new global minimum taxation regime for multinational companies. Not only does it consider this unprecedented diplomatic achievement in its historic, economic and political context, but the book also explores the intricate technical detail of the GloBE model rules.

Key Features:

Exploration of the Pillar 2 proposal’s formative developmentDetailed discussion of key concepts such as process legitimacyExamination of the Pillar 2 objectives and the reasons which led to its adoptionAssessment of the interaction between the GloBE rules and national law, European law and existing bilateral tax treatiesConsideration of the impact of the new regime on multinational businesses and the future interaction of states through tax competitionStep-by-step analysis of the complex set of GloBE model rules that have been put in place to make the minimum taxation regime effective

This authoritative book is an essential resource for legal practitioners practising in tax law, fiscal policy and commercial law. The applied nature of the text is also of great benefit to policymakers working in the taxation sphere. Scholars and students of international taxation will similarly find this to be a useful reference.

Offering a comprehensive exploration of EU taxation law, this engaging Research Handbook investigates the relevant legal principles in the context of both direct and indirect taxation. The important issues and debates arising from these general principles are expertly unpicked, with leading scholars examining the status quo as well as setting out a clear agenda for future research.This multidisciplinary book provides an insight into the taxation of individuals, businesses, passive investment and the non-profit sector. It reviews the harmonisation debate in the areas of corporate taxation and Value Added Tax, and also analyses the current developments as to energy and environmental taxation. Tax competition, state aid and the impact of the international polemic against aggressive tax planning are explored, as are the more procedural but equally important topics dealing with cooperation between tax authorities, exchange of information, taxpayer rights and dispute resolution. The final part of this book examines the external dimension to EU tax law - not only as far as the fundamental freedoms are concerned but also in the context of trade agreements and association agreements.An essential resource for students and scholars of EU taxation law, this Handbook will also appeal to practitioners and government officials working in taxation across the EU and beyond.Contributors include: N. Bammens, G. Bizioli, L. Cerioni, I. De Troyer, A.P. Dourado, M. Gammie, W. Haslehner, M. Helminen, S. Hemels, C.A. Herbain, J. Hey, R. Ismer, S. Kargitta, G. Kofler, M. Lamensch, R. Luja, R. Lyal, A. Maitrot de la Motte, C.H.J.I. Panayi, K. Perrou, S. Piotrowski, A. Pirlot, E. Reimer, R. Seer, D. Smit, K. Spies, R. Szudoczky, E. Traversa, F. Vanistendael

Offering a comprehensive exploration of EU taxation law, this engaging Research Handbook investigates the relevant legal principles in the context of both direct and indirect taxation. The important issues and debates arising from these general principles are expertly unpicked, with leading scholars examining the status quo as well as setting out a clear agenda for future research.

This multidisciplinary book provides an insight into the taxation of individuals, businesses, passive investment and the non-profit sector. It reviews the harmonisation debate in the areas of corporate taxation and Value Added Tax, and also analyses the current developments as to energy and environmental taxation. Tax competition, state aid and the impact of the international polemic against aggressive tax planning are explored, as are the more procedural but equally important topics dealing with cooperation between tax authorities, exchange of information, taxpayer rights and dispute resolution. The final part of this book examines the external dimension to EU tax law - not only as far as the fundamental freedoms are concerned but also in the context of trade agreements and association agreements.

An essential resource for students and scholars of EU taxation law, this Handbook will also appeal to practitioners and government officials working in taxation across the EU and beyond.

Contributors include: N. Bammens, G. Bizioli, L. Cerioni, I. De Troyer, A.P. Dourado, M. Gammie, W. Haslehner, M. Helminen, S. Hemels, C.A. Herbain, J. Hey, R. Ismer, S. Kargitta, G. Kofler, M. Lamensch, R. Luja, R. Lyal, A. Maitrot de la Motte, C.H.J.I. Panayi, K. Perrou, S. Piotrowski, A. Pirlot, E. Reimer, R. Seer, D. Smit, K. Spies, R. Szudoczky, E. Traversa, F. Vanistendael

This book provides a concise, practical guide to the European Union's Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Presenting unique insights into the ATAD's five specific anti-avoidance rules, its chapters explain the background of those rules, the directive's interactions with relevant jurisprudence, and the challenges posed to the ATAD's interpretation and implementation in domestic law. Key features include:critical, article-by-article analysis of the ATADcontextual information on the legislative environment in which the ATAD operates, embedding it in the wider landscape of CJEU jurisprudenceinsights into the day-to-day application of the ATAD rules in practicecontributions from leading academics and practitioners in the field of tax lawexamples of the challenges to the interpretation and implementation of ATAD, taken from a range of EU Member States.European and international tax advisors, along with policy makers in the field of tax law, will find this book to be a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the ATAD and its correct application. Those who carry out research in European tax law can also benefit from this book's critical approach to the ATAD and the questions that surround anti-tax avoidance legislation in the European Union. Contributors include: D. Gutmann, W. Haslehner, R. Ismer, B. Kuzniacki, K. Pantazatou, L. Parada, I. Richelle, A. Rust, P. Schwarz, K. Spies, B. van Raaij, F. Vanistendael

This book provides a concise, practical guide to the European Union''s Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Presenting unique insights into the ATAD''s five specific anti-avoidance rules, its chapters explain the background of those rules, the directive''s interactions with relevant jurisprudence, and the challenges posed to the ATAD''s interpretation and implementation in domestic law.

Key features include:

critical, article-by-article analysis of the ATAD contextual information on the legislative environment in which the ATAD operates, embedding it in the wider landscape of CJEU jurisprudence insights into the day-to-day application of the ATAD rules in practice contributions from leading academics and practitioners in the field of tax law examples of the challenges to the interpretation and implementation of ATAD, taken from a range of EU Member States.

European and international tax advisors, along with policy makers in the field of tax law, will find this book to be a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the ATAD and its correct application. Those who carry out research in European tax law can also benefit from this book''s critical approach to the ATAD and the questions that surround anti-tax avoidance legislation in the European Union.

Contributors include: D. Gutmann, W. Haslehner, R. Ismer, B. Kuzniacki, K. Pantazatou, L. Parada, I. Richelle, A. Rust, P. Schwarz, K. Spies, B. van Raaij, F. Vanistendael

Arbitration has been promoted as the future of tax dispute resolution in recent years in line with the increase in complexity of international tax law. This authoritative book presents existing legal rules on the matter, provides a review of the arguments in favour of tax arbitration, discusses the practical and legal challenges for its wide-spread adoption and compatibility with existing domestic and international norms. It also answers key questions for the practical implementation of a modern tax arbitration system.Key Features:Comprehensive analysis of the existing tax treaty framework and their application to MAP and arbitrationUp-to-date guidance on the best practices in alternative dispute resolution to ensure effective and efficient dispute resolutionOriginal insights from dispute resolution mechanisms found in non-tax areas such as trade and investment lawIn-depth discussion of primary and secondary EU law rules on tax dispute resolution, including implications of EU general principles, fundamental rights and internal market rulesIdentifying some of the new issues in tax arbitration and offering views on how to tackle them in the most appropriate way, this book will be a key resource for tax law practitioners looking for the latest insights on how to navigate the legal framework for alternative tax dispute resolution. Students and academics focusing on commercial and tax law will also benefit from this detailed guide.

Arbitration has been promoted as the future of tax dispute resolution in recent years in line with the increase in complexity of international tax law. This authoritative book presents existing legal rules on the matter, provides a review of the arguments in favour of tax arbitration, discusses the practical and legal challenges for its wide-spread adoption and compatibility with existing domestic and international norms. It also answers key questions for the practical implementation of a modern tax arbitration system.

Key Features:

Comprehensive analysis of the existing tax treaty framework and their application to MAP and arbitrationUp-to-date guidance on the best practices in alternative dispute resolution to ensure effective and efficient dispute resolutionOriginal insights from dispute resolution mechanisms found in non-tax areas such as trade and investment lawIn-depth discussion of primary and secondary EU law rules on tax dispute resolution, including implications of EU general principles, fundamental rights and internal market rules

Identifying some of the new issues in tax arbitration and offering views on how to tackle them in the most appropriate way, this book will be a key resource for tax law practitioners looking for the latest insights on how to navigate the legal framework for alternative tax dispute resolution. Students and academics focusing on commercial and tax law will also benefit from this detailed guide.

Every professional dealing with taxation in the European Union will greatly appreciate this extraordinarily useful book. Based on a high-level conference held at the University of Luxembourg in 2014, the book presents detailed expert summaries and analyses of landmark ECJ decisions in direct taxation, each case a starting point for the development of a specific doctrine. The depth of the analysis, as each author charts a way through the nuances of the Court''s arguments, allows the reader to gain an unparalleled understanding of changes in the relevant subsequent jurisprudence.

The fundamental issues covered are the following:

- taxation of non-residents in the EU context;- implications of EU fundamental freedoms in the income tax systems of the Member States;- outbound and inbound dividend taxation;- taxation of permanent establishments;- restrictions on freedom of establishment;- tax treatment of corporate exit;- abuse of taxpayers'' rights;- cohesion of the tax system as an overriding factor in the public interest;- juridical double taxation arising from the exercise of overlapping powers of two or more States;- free movement of capital and third countries; and- tax treatment of non-profit organizations in the cross-border context.

The book as a whole offers an incomparable critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Court''s reasoning and its path through the complex field of crossborder income taxation, particularly in the area of the compatibility of national tax legislation with the fundamental freedoms, which continues to be a powerful driver for changes to existing tax laws.

For legal academics, this is a unique and fundamental source of essential information and analysis. Crucially, although valuable as a ''snapshot'' of the current state of EU tax law, this book will remain relevant for practitioners and policymakers as jurisprudence continues to develop over the years to come.

Every professional dealing with taxation in the European Union will greatly appreciate this extraordinarily useful book. Based on a high-level conference held at the University of Luxembourg in 2014, the book presents detailed expert summaries and analyses of landmark ECJ decisions in direct taxation, each case a starting point for the development of a specific doctrine. The depth of the analysis, as each author charts a way through the nuances of the Court''s arguments, allows the reader to gain an unparalleled understanding of changes in the relevant subsequent jurisprudence.

The fundamental issues covered are the following:

- taxation of non-residents in the EU context;- implications of EU fundamental freedoms in the income tax systems of the Member States;- outbound and inbound dividend taxation;- taxation of permanent establishments;- restrictions on freedom of establishment;- tax treatment of corporate exit;- abuse of taxpayers'' rights;- cohesion of the tax system as an overriding factor in the public interest;- juridical double taxation arising from the exercise of overlapping powers of two or more States;- free movement of capital and third countries; and- tax treatment of non-profit organizations in the cross-border context.

The book as a whole offers an incomparable critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Court''s reasoning and its path through the complex field of crossborder income taxation, particularly in the area of the compatibility of national tax legislation with the fundamental freedoms, which continues to be a powerful driver for changes to existing tax laws.

For legal academics, this is a unique and fundamental source of essential information and analysis. Crucially, although valuable as a ''snapshot'' of the current state of EU tax law, this book will remain relevant for practitioners and policymakers as jurisprudence continues to develop over the years to come.

Major changes in EU tax law demand an analysis of not just the current state of the field, but also forthcoming EU-level policy initiatives and their likely implications for taxpayers, regulators, and national legislatures alike. This book, the first in-depth commentary and analysis of such developments, offers exactly that. Twenty EU tax and policy experts examine the impact of EU Treaty provisions and recent ECJ case law on EU tax law, and provide well-informed assessments of current and anticipated EU tax policy initiatives and their potential impacts.

Taxpayers, their advisors, national tax administrations, and national legislators will find relevant chapters to aid their understanding of, and to allow them to proactively address, EU tax law issues, such as:

– non-discrimination;– state aid rules;– fundamental freedoms;– discretionary power of national tax authorities;– tax competition in the internal market;– cross-border exchange of tax information; – corporate tax harmonization; – EU and Member States’ external relations; and– the limits of judicial authority in tax policy.

As an authoritative,detailed guide to recent and future developments in EU tax law, with highly informed insights into their practical effect, this book will be a welcome addition to the arsenal available to tax practitioners dealing with European tax matters, as well as interested policymakers and academics.

Major changes in EU tax law demand an analysis of not just the current state of the field, but also forthcoming EU-level policy initiatives and their likely implications for taxpayers, regulators, and national legislatures alike. This book, the first in-depth commentary and analysis of such developments, offers exactly that. Twenty EU tax and policy experts examine the impact of EU Treaty provisions and recent ECJ case law on EU tax law, and provide well-informed assessments of current and anticipated EU tax policy initiatives and their potential impacts.

Taxpayers, their advisors, national tax administrations, and national legislators will find relevant chapters to aid their understanding of, and to allow them to proactively address, EU tax law issues, such as:

– non-discrimination;– state aid rules;– fundamental freedoms;– discretionary power of national tax authorities;– tax competition in the internal market;– cross-border exchange of tax information; – corporate tax harmonization; – EU and Member States’ external relations; and– the limits of judicial authority in tax policy.

As an authoritative,detailed guide to recent and future developments in EU tax law, with highly informed insights into their practical effect, this book will be a welcome addition to the arsenal available to tax practitioners dealing with European tax matters, as well as interested policymakers and academics.

The effect of the significant changes in tax law at domestic, European, and international levels on investment funds, an important part of global financial services, creates a complex environment for practitioners and a source of debate for academics and policymakers. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive legal and practical analysis of the changes to the complex multilevel tax and regulatory framework concerning different types of investment funds. The contributions, updated as of late 2017, were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Luxembourg in November 2016 under the auspices of the ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation.

The book covers the central questions arising in national law and tax policy, explores the regulatory and tax framework of the European Union (EU), and discusses the multifaceted interactions of both national and EU law with bilateral tax treaties. Through fourteen chapters following a brief introduction, leading academic experts and practising specialists provide decisive insight into:

– the regulatory regime for European investment funds;– the tax law and reforms in both Luxembourg and Germany;– the role of the European Commission’s State-aid practices;– examples of case law concerning the application of non-discrimination rules to various investment vehicles;– the impact of tax-specific EU legislation, such as the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Tax Merger Directive, and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive;– the availability of tax treaty protection for different collective and non-collective investment funds;– the impact of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) developments on the taxation of cross-border investments;– the value-added tax (VAT) treatment of investment funds and their managers; and– the consequences of the global drive towards automatic exchange of information relating to existing cross-border investment structures.

With its particular focus on Luxembourg – the leading centre for investment funds in Europe (and second only to the United States globally) and, thus, an instructive model for domestic-level investment fund regulation and taxation – this volume reveals the common issues that arise in virtually every other jurisdiction with a sizeable fund industry.

As the first in-depth treatment of the globally significant nexus between investment funds and taxation, the book will prove valuable to policymakers, practitioners, and academics in both financial services and tax law.

The effect of the significant changes in tax law at domestic, European, and international levels on investment funds, an important part of global financial services, creates a complex environment for practitioners and a source of debate for academics and policymakers. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive legal and practical analysis of the changes to the complex multilevel tax and regulatory framework concerning different types of investment funds. The contributions, updated as of late 2017, were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Luxembourg in November 2016 under the auspices of the ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation.

The book covers the central questions arising in national law and tax policy, explores the regulatory and tax framework of the European Union (EU), and discusses the multifaceted interactions of both national and EU law with bilateral tax treaties. Through fourteen chapters following a brief introduction, leading academic experts and practising specialists provide decisive insight into:

– the regulatory regime for European investment funds;– the tax law and reforms in both Luxembourg and Germany;– the role of the European Commission’s State-aid practices;– examples of case law concerning the application of non-discrimination rules to various investment vehicles;– the impact of tax-specific EU legislation, such as the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Tax Merger Directive, and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive;– the availability of tax treaty protection for different collective and non-collective investment funds;– the impact of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) developments on the taxation of cross-border investments;– the value-added tax (VAT) treatment of investment funds and their managers; and– the consequences of the global drive towards automatic exchange of information relating to existing cross-border investment structures.

With its particular focus on Luxembourg – the leading centre for investment funds in Europe (and second only to the United States globally) and, thus, an instructive model for domestic-level investment fund regulation and taxation – this volume reveals the common issues that arise in virtually every other jurisdiction with a sizeable fund industry.

As the first in-depth treatment of the globally significant nexus between investment funds and taxation, the book will prove valuable to policymakers, practitioners, and academics in both financial services and tax law.

Time is a crucial dimension in the application of any law. In tax law, however, where an environment characterized by rapid change on the national, European, and international levels complicates the provision of accurate legal advice, timing is particularly sensitive. This book is the first to analyse the relationship between time and three key areas of tax: treaties, EU law, and constitutional law issues, such as legal certainty and individual rights.

Among the numerous timing issues arising out of applying tax rules, the book addresses the following:

– time limits within which relief must be requested;– statutes of limitation for claiming a tax refund;– transitional issues relating to changes in tax treaties;– attribution of profits and expenses to a moving or closed-down business;– effect of tax-related CJEU decisions and EU directives;– compliance of exit tax regimes with free movement;– limits of retroactivity under principles protected by the EU Charter and the ECHR; and– conflict between efficiency of taxation and individual rights.

Derived from a recent conference organized by the prestigious ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation at the University of Luxembourg, the book brings together contributions from leading tax experts from various areas of tax practice, academia, and the judiciary. Among other issues, the book notably expands on how economic theory can inform a constitutional analysis of the timing of taxation.

There is no other work that concentrates so usefully on the difficulties associated with applying tax rules – whether arising from treaties, jurisprudence, or policy – to changing circumstances over time. This book will quickly prove itself to be an indispensable resource for European tax lawyers, policymakers, company counsels, and academics.

The increasingly digitalized global economy is undermining the usefulness of many traditional tax concepts. In addition to issues of double taxation and double non-taxation, important questions arise concerning the allocation of taxing rights in respect of income from cross-border digital transactions. This is the first book to analyse what changes are possible, necessary and feasible in order to forestall the unravelling of the existing international tax framework.

Focusing in turn on the legal framework, specific proposals for adapting tax concepts for the digital economy, types of transactions and administrative issues such as those around data protection and digital currencies, the expert contributors discuss such challenges to taxation as the following:

the pervasiveness of intangible assets; new value creation models; the ascendance of the sharing economy and digital services; virtual currencies; the importance of user participation for digital platforms; cloud computing; the impact of Big Data on tax enforcement; virtual business presence; and the influence of robotization.

Throughout, the authors describe and analyse proposals made by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU) and individual countries and their likely impact going forward. They also attend to the limits imposed on reform possibilities by public international law, EU law and constitutional law.

It is generally acknowledged that there is a need to monitor how the digital transformation may be impacting value creation. This book is a key milestone toward developing a durable, long-term solution to the tax challenges posed by the digitalization of the economy. With its thorough scrutiny of proposals for digital services tax and virtual permanent establishments, insightful analysis of digital services and detailed description of the impact of big data on tax administration and taxpayer protection, it will quickly prove indispensable for tax practitioners and the international tax community more generally.

Time is a crucial dimension in the application of any law. In tax law, however, where an environment characterized by rapid change on the national, European, and international levels complicates the provision of accurate legal advice, timing is particularly sensitive. This book is the first to analyse the relationship between time and three key areas of tax: treaties, EU law, and constitutional law issues, such as legal certainty and individual rights.

Among the numerous timing issues arising out of applying tax rules, the book addresses the following:

– time limits within which relief must be requested;– statutes of limitation for claiming a tax refund;– transitional issues relating to changes in tax treaties;– attribution of profits and expenses to a moving or closed-down business;– effect of tax-related CJEU decisions and EU directives;– compliance of exit tax regimes with free movement;– limits of retroactivity under principles protected by the EU Charter and the ECHR; and– conflict between efficiency of taxation and individual rights.

Derived from a recent conference organized by the prestigious ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation at the University of Luxembourg, the book brings together contributions from leading tax experts from various areas of tax practice, academia, and the judiciary. Among other issues, the book notably expands on how economic theory can inform a constitutional analysis of the timing of taxation.

There is no other work that concentrates so usefully on the difficulties associated with applying tax rules – whether arising from treaties, jurisprudence, or policy – to changing circumstances over time. This book will quickly prove itself to be an indispensable resource for European tax lawyers, policymakers, company counsels, and academics.

The increasingly digitalized global economy is undermining the usefulness of many traditional tax concepts. In addition to issues of double taxation and double non-taxation, important questions arise concerning the allocation of taxing rights in respect of income from cross-border digital transactions. This is the first book to analyse what changes are possible, necessary and feasible in order to forestall the unravelling of the existing international tax framework.

Focusing in turn on the legal framework, specific proposals for adapting tax concepts for the digital economy, types of transactions and administrative issues such as those around data protection and digital currencies, the expert contributors discuss such challenges to taxation as the following:

the pervasiveness of intangible assets; new value creation models; the ascendance of the sharing economy and digital services; virtual currencies; the importance of user participation for digital platforms; cloud computing; the impact of Big Data on tax enforcement; virtual business presence; and the influence of robotization.

Throughout, the authors describe and analyse proposals made by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU) and individual countries and their likely impact going forward. They also attend to the limits imposed on reform possibilities by public international law, EU law and constitutional law.

It is generally acknowledged that there is a need to monitor how the digital transformation may be impacting value creation. This book is a key milestone toward developing a durable, long-term solution to the tax challenges posed by the digitalization of the economy. With its thorough scrutiny of proposals for digital services tax and virtual permanent establishments, insightful analysis of digital services and detailed description of the impact of big data on tax administration and taxpayer protection, it will quickly prove indispensable for tax practitioners and the international tax community more generally.

Bringing together leading experts in the field of tax law, this book comprehensively analyses the new global minimum taxation regime for multinational companies. Not only does it consider this unprecedented diplomatic achievement in its historic, economic and political context, but the book also explores the intricate technical detail of the GloBE model rules.Key Features:Exploration of the Pillar 2 proposal’s formative developmentDetailed discussion of key concepts such as process legitimacyExamination of the Pillar 2 objectives and the reasons which led to its adoptionAssessment of the interaction between the GloBE rules and national law, European law and existing bilateral tax treatiesConsideration of the impact of the new regime on multinational businesses and the future interaction of states through tax competitionStep-by-step analysis of the complex set of GloBE model rules that have been put in place to make the minimum taxation regime effectiveThis authoritative book is an essential resource for legal practitioners practising in tax law, fiscal policy and commercial law. The applied nature of the text is also of great benefit to policymakers working in the taxation sphere. Scholars and students of international taxation will similarly find this to be a useful reference.

Bringing together leading experts in the field of tax law, this book comprehensively analyses the new global minimum taxation regime for multinational companies. Not only does it consider this unprecedented diplomatic achievement in its historic, economic and political context, but the book also explores the intricate technical detail of the GloBE model rules.

Key Features:

Exploration of the Pillar 2 proposal’s formative developmentDetailed discussion of key concepts such as process legitimacyExamination of the Pillar 2 objectives and the reasons which led to its adoptionAssessment of the interaction between the GloBE rules and national law, European law and existing bilateral tax treatiesConsideration of the impact of the new regime on multinational businesses and the future interaction of states through tax competitionStep-by-step analysis of the complex set of GloBE model rules that have been put in place to make the minimum taxation regime effective

This authoritative book is an essential resource for legal practitioners practising in tax law, fiscal policy and commercial law. The applied nature of the text is also of great benefit to policymakers working in the taxation sphere. Scholars and students of international taxation will similarly find this to be a useful reference.

Offering a comprehensive exploration of EU taxation law, this engaging Research Handbook investigates the relevant legal principles in the context of both direct and indirect taxation. The important issues and debates arising from these general principles are expertly unpicked, with leading scholars examining the status quo as well as setting out a clear agenda for future research.This multidisciplinary book provides an insight into the taxation of individuals, businesses, passive investment and the non-profit sector. It reviews the harmonisation debate in the areas of corporate taxation and Value Added Tax, and also analyses the current developments as to energy and environmental taxation. Tax competition, state aid and the impact of the international polemic against aggressive tax planning are explored, as are the more procedural but equally important topics dealing with cooperation between tax authorities, exchange of information, taxpayer rights and dispute resolution. The final part of this book examines the external dimension to EU tax law - not only as far as the fundamental freedoms are concerned but also in the context of trade agreements and association agreements.An essential resource for students and scholars of EU taxation law, this Handbook will also appeal to practitioners and government officials working in taxation across the EU and beyond.Contributors include: N. Bammens, G. Bizioli, L. Cerioni, I. De Troyer, A.P. Dourado, M. Gammie, W. Haslehner, M. Helminen, S. Hemels, C.A. Herbain, J. Hey, R. Ismer, S. Kargitta, G. Kofler, M. Lamensch, R. Luja, R. Lyal, A. Maitrot de la Motte, C.H.J.I. Panayi, K. Perrou, S. Piotrowski, A. Pirlot, E. Reimer, R. Seer, D. Smit, K. Spies, R. Szudoczky, E. Traversa, F. Vanistendael

Offering a comprehensive exploration of EU taxation law, this engaging Research Handbook investigates the relevant legal principles in the context of both direct and indirect taxation. The important issues and debates arising from these general principles are expertly unpicked, with leading scholars examining the status quo as well as setting out a clear agenda for future research.

This multidisciplinary book provides an insight into the taxation of individuals, businesses, passive investment and the non-profit sector. It reviews the harmonisation debate in the areas of corporate taxation and Value Added Tax, and also analyses the current developments as to energy and environmental taxation. Tax competition, state aid and the impact of the international polemic against aggressive tax planning are explored, as are the more procedural but equally important topics dealing with cooperation between tax authorities, exchange of information, taxpayer rights and dispute resolution. The final part of this book examines the external dimension to EU tax law - not only as far as the fundamental freedoms are concerned but also in the context of trade agreements and association agreements.

An essential resource for students and scholars of EU taxation law, this Handbook will also appeal to practitioners and government officials working in taxation across the EU and beyond.

Contributors include: N. Bammens, G. Bizioli, L. Cerioni, I. De Troyer, A.P. Dourado, M. Gammie, W. Haslehner, M. Helminen, S. Hemels, C.A. Herbain, J. Hey, R. Ismer, S. Kargitta, G. Kofler, M. Lamensch, R. Luja, R. Lyal, A. Maitrot de la Motte, C.H.J.I. Panayi, K. Perrou, S. Piotrowski, A. Pirlot, E. Reimer, R. Seer, D. Smit, K. Spies, R. Szudoczky, E. Traversa, F. Vanistendael

This book provides a concise, practical guide to the European Union's Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Presenting unique insights into the ATAD's five specific anti-avoidance rules, its chapters explain the background of those rules, the directive's interactions with relevant jurisprudence, and the challenges posed to the ATAD's interpretation and implementation in domestic law. Key features include:critical, article-by-article analysis of the ATADcontextual information on the legislative environment in which the ATAD operates, embedding it in the wider landscape of CJEU jurisprudenceinsights into the day-to-day application of the ATAD rules in practicecontributions from leading academics and practitioners in the field of tax lawexamples of the challenges to the interpretation and implementation of ATAD, taken from a range of EU Member States.European and international tax advisors, along with policy makers in the field of tax law, will find this book to be a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the ATAD and its correct application. Those who carry out research in European tax law can also benefit from this book's critical approach to the ATAD and the questions that surround anti-tax avoidance legislation in the European Union. Contributors include: D. Gutmann, W. Haslehner, R. Ismer, B. Kuzniacki, K. Pantazatou, L. Parada, I. Richelle, A. Rust, P. Schwarz, K. Spies, B. van Raaij, F. Vanistendael

This book provides a concise, practical guide to the European Union''s Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Presenting unique insights into the ATAD''s five specific anti-avoidance rules, its chapters explain the background of those rules, the directive''s interactions with relevant jurisprudence, and the challenges posed to the ATAD''s interpretation and implementation in domestic law.

Key features include:

critical, article-by-article analysis of the ATAD contextual information on the legislative environment in which the ATAD operates, embedding it in the wider landscape of CJEU jurisprudence insights into the day-to-day application of the ATAD rules in practice contributions from leading academics and practitioners in the field of tax law examples of the challenges to the interpretation and implementation of ATAD, taken from a range of EU Member States.

European and international tax advisors, along with policy makers in the field of tax law, will find this book to be a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the ATAD and its correct application. Those who carry out research in European tax law can also benefit from this book''s critical approach to the ATAD and the questions that surround anti-tax avoidance legislation in the European Union.

Contributors include: D. Gutmann, W. Haslehner, R. Ismer, B. Kuzniacki, K. Pantazatou, L. Parada, I. Richelle, A. Rust, P. Schwarz, K. Spies, B. van Raaij, F. Vanistendael

Arbitration has been promoted as the future of tax dispute resolution in recent years in line with the increase in complexity of international tax law. This authoritative book presents existing legal rules on the matter, provides a review of the arguments in favour of tax arbitration, discusses the practical and legal challenges for its wide-spread adoption and compatibility with existing domestic and international norms. It also answers key questions for the practical implementation of a modern tax arbitration system.Key Features:Comprehensive analysis of the existing tax treaty framework and their application to MAP and arbitrationUp-to-date guidance on the best practices in alternative dispute resolution to ensure effective and efficient dispute resolutionOriginal insights from dispute resolution mechanisms found in non-tax areas such as trade and investment lawIn-depth discussion of primary and secondary EU law rules on tax dispute resolution, including implications of EU general principles, fundamental rights and internal market rulesIdentifying some of the new issues in tax arbitration and offering views on how to tackle them in the most appropriate way, this book will be a key resource for tax law practitioners looking for the latest insights on how to navigate the legal framework for alternative tax dispute resolution. Students and academics focusing on commercial and tax law will also benefit from this detailed guide.

Arbitration has been promoted as the future of tax dispute resolution in recent years in line with the increase in complexity of international tax law. This authoritative book presents existing legal rules on the matter, provides a review of the arguments in favour of tax arbitration, discusses the practical and legal challenges for its wide-spread adoption and compatibility with existing domestic and international norms. It also answers key questions for the practical implementation of a modern tax arbitration system.

Key Features:

Comprehensive analysis of the existing tax treaty framework and their application to MAP and arbitrationUp-to-date guidance on the best practices in alternative dispute resolution to ensure effective and efficient dispute resolutionOriginal insights from dispute resolution mechanisms found in non-tax areas such as trade and investment lawIn-depth discussion of primary and secondary EU law rules on tax dispute resolution, including implications of EU general principles, fundamental rights and internal market rules

Identifying some of the new issues in tax arbitration and offering views on how to tackle them in the most appropriate way, this book will be a key resource for tax law practitioners looking for the latest insights on how to navigate the legal framework for alternative tax dispute resolution. Students and academics focusing on commercial and tax law will also benefit from this detailed guide.

Every professional dealing with taxation in the European Union will greatly appreciate this extraordinarily useful book. Based on a high-level conference held at the University of Luxembourg in 2014, the book presents detailed expert summaries and analyses of landmark ECJ decisions in direct taxation, each case a starting point for the development of a specific doctrine. The depth of the analysis, as each author charts a way through the nuances of the Court''s arguments, allows the reader to gain an unparalleled understanding of changes in the relevant subsequent jurisprudence.

The fundamental issues covered are the following:

- taxation of non-residents in the EU context;- implications of EU fundamental freedoms in the income tax systems of the Member States;- outbound and inbound dividend taxation;- taxation of permanent establishments;- restrictions on freedom of establishment;- tax treatment of corporate exit;- abuse of taxpayers'' rights;- cohesion of the tax system as an overriding factor in the public interest;- juridical double taxation arising from the exercise of overlapping powers of two or more States;- free movement of capital and third countries; and- tax treatment of non-profit organizations in the cross-border context.

The book as a whole offers an incomparable critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Court''s reasoning and its path through the complex field of crossborder income taxation, particularly in the area of the compatibility of national tax legislation with the fundamental freedoms, which continues to be a powerful driver for changes to existing tax laws.

For legal academics, this is a unique and fundamental source of essential information and analysis. Crucially, although valuable as a ''snapshot'' of the current state of EU tax law, this book will remain relevant for practitioners and policymakers as jurisprudence continues to develop over the years to come.

Every professional dealing with taxation in the European Union will greatly appreciate this extraordinarily useful book. Based on a high-level conference held at the University of Luxembourg in 2014, the book presents detailed expert summaries and analyses of landmark ECJ decisions in direct taxation, each case a starting point for the development of a specific doctrine. The depth of the analysis, as each author charts a way through the nuances of the Court''s arguments, allows the reader to gain an unparalleled understanding of changes in the relevant subsequent jurisprudence.

The fundamental issues covered are the following:

- taxation of non-residents in the EU context;- implications of EU fundamental freedoms in the income tax systems of the Member States;- outbound and inbound dividend taxation;- taxation of permanent establishments;- restrictions on freedom of establishment;- tax treatment of corporate exit;- abuse of taxpayers'' rights;- cohesion of the tax system as an overriding factor in the public interest;- juridical double taxation arising from the exercise of overlapping powers of two or more States;- free movement of capital and third countries; and- tax treatment of non-profit organizations in the cross-border context.

The book as a whole offers an incomparable critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Court''s reasoning and its path through the complex field of crossborder income taxation, particularly in the area of the compatibility of national tax legislation with the fundamental freedoms, which continues to be a powerful driver for changes to existing tax laws.

For legal academics, this is a unique and fundamental source of essential information and analysis. Crucially, although valuable as a ''snapshot'' of the current state of EU tax law, this book will remain relevant for practitioners and policymakers as jurisprudence continues to develop over the years to come.

Major changes in EU tax law demand an analysis of not just the current state of the field, but also forthcoming EU-level policy initiatives and their likely implications for taxpayers, regulators, and national legislatures alike. This book, the first in-depth commentary and analysis of such developments, offers exactly that. Twenty EU tax and policy experts examine the impact of EU Treaty provisions and recent ECJ case law on EU tax law, and provide well-informed assessments of current and anticipated EU tax policy initiatives and their potential impacts.

Taxpayers, their advisors, national tax administrations, and national legislators will find relevant chapters to aid their understanding of, and to allow them to proactively address, EU tax law issues, such as:

– non-discrimination;– state aid rules;– fundamental freedoms;– discretionary power of national tax authorities;– tax competition in the internal market;– cross-border exchange of tax information; – corporate tax harmonization; – EU and Member States’ external relations; and– the limits of judicial authority in tax policy.

As an authoritative,detailed guide to recent and future developments in EU tax law, with highly informed insights into their practical effect, this book will be a welcome addition to the arsenal available to tax practitioners dealing with European tax matters, as well as interested policymakers and academics.

Major changes in EU tax law demand an analysis of not just the current state of the field, but also forthcoming EU-level policy initiatives and their likely implications for taxpayers, regulators, and national legislatures alike. This book, the first in-depth commentary and analysis of such developments, offers exactly that. Twenty EU tax and policy experts examine the impact of EU Treaty provisions and recent ECJ case law on EU tax law, and provide well-informed assessments of current and anticipated EU tax policy initiatives and their potential impacts.

Taxpayers, their advisors, national tax administrations, and national legislators will find relevant chapters to aid their understanding of, and to allow them to proactively address, EU tax law issues, such as:

– non-discrimination;– state aid rules;– fundamental freedoms;– discretionary power of national tax authorities;– tax competition in the internal market;– cross-border exchange of tax information; – corporate tax harmonization; – EU and Member States’ external relations; and– the limits of judicial authority in tax policy.

As an authoritative,detailed guide to recent and future developments in EU tax law, with highly informed insights into their practical effect, this book will be a welcome addition to the arsenal available to tax practitioners dealing with European tax matters, as well as interested policymakers and academics.

The effect of the significant changes in tax law at domestic, European, and international levels on investment funds, an important part of global financial services, creates a complex environment for practitioners and a source of debate for academics and policymakers. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive legal and practical analysis of the changes to the complex multilevel tax and regulatory framework concerning different types of investment funds. The contributions, updated as of late 2017, were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Luxembourg in November 2016 under the auspices of the ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation.

The book covers the central questions arising in national law and tax policy, explores the regulatory and tax framework of the European Union (EU), and discusses the multifaceted interactions of both national and EU law with bilateral tax treaties. Through fourteen chapters following a brief introduction, leading academic experts and practising specialists provide decisive insight into:

– the regulatory regime for European investment funds;– the tax law and reforms in both Luxembourg and Germany;– the role of the European Commission’s State-aid practices;– examples of case law concerning the application of non-discrimination rules to various investment vehicles;– the impact of tax-specific EU legislation, such as the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Tax Merger Directive, and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive;– the availability of tax treaty protection for different collective and non-collective investment funds;– the impact of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) developments on the taxation of cross-border investments;– the value-added tax (VAT) treatment of investment funds and their managers; and– the consequences of the global drive towards automatic exchange of information relating to existing cross-border investment structures.

With its particular focus on Luxembourg – the leading centre for investment funds in Europe (and second only to the United States globally) and, thus, an instructive model for domestic-level investment fund regulation and taxation – this volume reveals the common issues that arise in virtually every other jurisdiction with a sizeable fund industry.

As the first in-depth treatment of the globally significant nexus between investment funds and taxation, the book will prove valuable to policymakers, practitioners, and academics in both financial services and tax law.

The effect of the significant changes in tax law at domestic, European, and international levels on investment funds, an important part of global financial services, creates a complex environment for practitioners and a source of debate for academics and policymakers. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive legal and practical analysis of the changes to the complex multilevel tax and regulatory framework concerning different types of investment funds. The contributions, updated as of late 2017, were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Luxembourg in November 2016 under the auspices of the ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation.

The book covers the central questions arising in national law and tax policy, explores the regulatory and tax framework of the European Union (EU), and discusses the multifaceted interactions of both national and EU law with bilateral tax treaties. Through fourteen chapters following a brief introduction, leading academic experts and practising specialists provide decisive insight into:

– the regulatory regime for European investment funds;– the tax law and reforms in both Luxembourg and Germany;– the role of the European Commission’s State-aid practices;– examples of case law concerning the application of non-discrimination rules to various investment vehicles;– the impact of tax-specific EU legislation, such as the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Tax Merger Directive, and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive;– the availability of tax treaty protection for different collective and non-collective investment funds;– the impact of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) developments on the taxation of cross-border investments;– the value-added tax (VAT) treatment of investment funds and their managers; and– the consequences of the global drive towards automatic exchange of information relating to existing cross-border investment structures.

With its particular focus on Luxembourg – the leading centre for investment funds in Europe (and second only to the United States globally) and, thus, an instructive model for domestic-level investment fund regulation and taxation – this volume reveals the common issues that arise in virtually every other jurisdiction with a sizeable fund industry.

As the first in-depth treatment of the globally significant nexus between investment funds and taxation, the book will prove valuable to policymakers, practitioners, and academics in both financial services and tax law.

Time is a crucial dimension in the application of any law. In tax law, however, where an environment characterized by rapid change on the national, European, and international levels complicates the provision of accurate legal advice, timing is particularly sensitive. This book is the first to analyse the relationship between time and three key areas of tax: treaties, EU law, and constitutional law issues, such as legal certainty and individual rights.

Among the numerous timing issues arising out of applying tax rules, the book addresses the following:

– time limits within which relief must be requested;– statutes of limitation for claiming a tax refund;– transitional issues relating to changes in tax treaties;– attribution of profits and expenses to a moving or closed-down business;– effect of tax-related CJEU decisions and EU directives;– compliance of exit tax regimes with free movement;– limits of retroactivity under principles protected by the EU Charter and the ECHR; and– conflict between efficiency of taxation and individual rights.

Derived from a recent conference organized by the prestigious ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation at the University of Luxembourg, the book brings together contributions from leading tax experts from various areas of tax practice, academia, and the judiciary. Among other issues, the book notably expands on how economic theory can inform a constitutional analysis of the timing of taxation.

There is no other work that concentrates so usefully on the difficulties associated with applying tax rules – whether arising from treaties, jurisprudence, or policy – to changing circumstances over time. This book will quickly prove itself to be an indispensable resource for European tax lawyers, policymakers, company counsels, and academics.

The increasingly digitalized global economy is undermining the usefulness of many traditional tax concepts. In addition to issues of double taxation and double non-taxation, important questions arise concerning the allocation of taxing rights in respect of income from cross-border digital transactions. This is the first book to analyse what changes are possible, necessary and feasible in order to forestall the unravelling of the existing international tax framework.

Focusing in turn on the legal framework, specific proposals for adapting tax concepts for the digital economy, types of transactions and administrative issues such as those around data protection and digital currencies, the expert contributors discuss such challenges to taxation as the following:

the pervasiveness of intangible assets; new value creation models; the ascendance of the sharing economy and digital services; virtual currencies; the importance of user participation for digital platforms; cloud computing; the impact of Big Data on tax enforcement; virtual business presence; and the influence of robotization.

Throughout, the authors describe and analyse proposals made by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU) and individual countries and their likely impact going forward. They also attend to the limits imposed on reform possibilities by public international law, EU law and constitutional law.

It is generally acknowledged that there is a need to monitor how the digital transformation may be impacting value creation. This book is a key milestone toward developing a durable, long-term solution to the tax challenges posed by the digitalization of the economy. With its thorough scrutiny of proposals for digital services tax and virtual permanent establishments, insightful analysis of digital services and detailed description of the impact of big data on tax administration and taxpayer protection, it will quickly prove indispensable for tax practitioners and the international tax community more generally.

Time is a crucial dimension in the application of any law. In tax law, however, where an environment characterized by rapid change on the national, European, and international levels complicates the provision of accurate legal advice, timing is particularly sensitive. This book is the first to analyse the relationship between time and three key areas of tax: treaties, EU law, and constitutional law issues, such as legal certainty and individual rights.

Among the numerous timing issues arising out of applying tax rules, the book addresses the following:

– time limits within which relief must be requested;– statutes of limitation for claiming a tax refund;– transitional issues relating to changes in tax treaties;– attribution of profits and expenses to a moving or closed-down business;– effect of tax-related CJEU decisions and EU directives;– compliance of exit tax regimes with free movement;– limits of retroactivity under principles protected by the EU Charter and the ECHR; and– conflict between efficiency of taxation and individual rights.

Derived from a recent conference organized by the prestigious ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation at the University of Luxembourg, the book brings together contributions from leading tax experts from various areas of tax practice, academia, and the judiciary. Among other issues, the book notably expands on how economic theory can inform a constitutional analysis of the timing of taxation.

There is no other work that concentrates so usefully on the difficulties associated with applying tax rules – whether arising from treaties, jurisprudence, or policy – to changing circumstances over time. This book will quickly prove itself to be an indispensable resource for European tax lawyers, policymakers, company counsels, and academics.

The increasingly digitalized global economy is undermining the usefulness of many traditional tax concepts. In addition to issues of double taxation and double non-taxation, important questions arise concerning the allocation of taxing rights in respect of income from cross-border digital transactions. This is the first book to analyse what changes are possible, necessary and feasible in order to forestall the unravelling of the existing international tax framework.

Focusing in turn on the legal framework, specific proposals for adapting tax concepts for the digital economy, types of transactions and administrative issues such as those around data protection and digital currencies, the expert contributors discuss such challenges to taxation as the following:

the pervasiveness of intangible assets; new value creation models; the ascendance of the sharing economy and digital services; virtual currencies; the importance of user participation for digital platforms; cloud computing; the impact of Big Data on tax enforcement; virtual business presence; and the influence of robotization.

Throughout, the authors describe and analyse proposals made by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU) and individual countries and their likely impact going forward. They also attend to the limits imposed on reform possibilities by public international law, EU law and constitutional law.

It is generally acknowledged that there is a need to monitor how the digital transformation may be impacting value creation. This book is a key milestone toward developing a durable, long-term solution to the tax challenges posed by the digitalization of the economy. With its thorough scrutiny of proposals for digital services tax and virtual permanent establishments, insightful analysis of digital services and detailed description of the impact of big data on tax administration and taxpayer protection, it will quickly prove indispensable for tax practitioners and the international tax community more generally.