Anniversary Collection – serie

The new society that the world awaited might yet be born in the humble guise of a backwoods village. This was the belief shared by the many groups which moved into the American frontier to create experimental communities-communities which they hoped would be models for revolutionary changes in religion, politics, economics, and education in American society. For, as James Madison wrote, the American Republic was "useful in proving things before held impossible."The communitarian ideal had its roots in the radical Protestant sects of the Reformation. Arthur Bestor shows the connection between the "holy commonwealths" of the colonial period and the nonsectarian experiments of the nineteenth century. He examines in particular detail Robert Owen's ideals and problems in creating New Harmony.Two essays have been added to this volume for the second edition. In these, "Patent-Office Models of the Good Society" and "The Transit of Communitarian Socialism to America," Bestor discusses the effects of the frontier and of the migration of European ideas and people on these communities. He holds that the communitarians could believe in the possibility of nonviolent revolution through imitation of a small perfect society only as long as they saw American institutions as flexible. By the end of the nineteenth century, as American society became less plastic, belief in the power of successful models weakened.

Although social sciences such as anthropology are often thought to have been organized as academic specialties in the nineteenth century, the ideas upon which these disciplines were founded actually developed centuries earlier. In fact, the foundational concepts can be traced at least as far back as the sixteenth century, when contact with unfamiliar peoples in the New World led Europeans to create ways of describing and understanding social similarities and differences among humans.Early Anthropology in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries examines the history of some of the ideas adopted to help understand the origin of culture, the diversity of traits, the significance of similarities, the sequence of high civilizations, the course of cultural change, and the theory of social evolution. It is a book that not only illuminates the thinking of a bygone age but also sheds light on the sources of attitudes still prevalent today.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

This book focuses on economic relationships within the eight counties in the Philadelphia Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. Long-term economic developments, changes in socioeconomic profiles between 1960 and 1980, and patterns of employment are examined on a county by county. Special attention is given to the spread and growth of employment in high-technology industries, the interdependencies between jobs and residents in the city and suburbs, and the roles of federal and state aid to the region.

This innovative work treats law as the set of rules governing how people should act in society, and it demonstrates how the legal system attempts to deter antisocial behavior. Comprised of three sections. the book explores different ways in which law decides issues of responsibility, how cases are adjudicated, and theories of distributive justice and social change. Distinguished by its problem-oriented, topical perspective, An Invitation to Law and Social Science serves as an invaluable book for course in law and society, legal process, and the sociology of law.

There's Nobody There is a study of family members who care for, and those suffering confusion caused by Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia. The authors describe the experience of caregivers, often the caregivers' own words, and assess the impact of community care policies on their lives.

Regina Woods, just weeks before her fourteenth birthday, contracted polio. Within a few days, she was paralyzed from the neck down, unable even to breathe by herself. What is most profound about this book is that-while it is an account of catastrophic loss-there is so much triumph in it.

The Art of Asylum-Keeping is a social history of medical practice in a private nineteenth-century asylum, the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane in Philadelphia. It recreates everyday life in the asylum and explores its social, as well as its scientific, legitimation.

"Torture has ceased to exist," Victor Hugo claimed, with some justification, in 1874. Yet more than a century later, torture is used routinely in one out of every three countries. This book is about torture in Western society from earliest times to the present.A landmark study since its original publication a decade ago, Torture is now available in an expanded and updated paperback edition. Included for the first time is a broad and disturbing selection of documents charting the historical practice of torture from the ancient Romans to the Khmer Rouge.

Draws on field recordings and interviews with dozens of local New York singers to tell the story of sacred quartet singing in New York City's African-American church community, tracing its evolution and its role in worship and culture.

In Designs of Darkness, Arthur M. Saltzman examines some of the ways in which fiction has traditionally conspired to promote a goal-oriented vision of the work of art-and explores the ways in which postmodern (or postrealist) fiction consistently and unavoidably subverts the clarity of this vision. Offering readings of works by well-known authors, including Barthelme, Doctorow, DeLillo, and Hakes, as well as works by lesser-known writers (Auster, Gangemi), Saltzman concentrates on the breakdown of epiphany in recent fiction, both as philosophical motive and as structural foundation.In contemporary fiction, Saltzman contends, ambiguities blossom far beyond our capacities to stabilize, summarize, or restore them to sense. The old rules of the game-in which a reader looking for truth can expect come sort of satisfactory resolution-no longer apply. Literature now comes out of the answerless.Designs of Darkness in Contemporary American Fiction is a valuable new resource for scholars and students of contemporary literature.

The topic of the essays in this book, the threat posed to our environment by various sources and types of pollution, is a matter of serious and growing concern. The contributors are leading international experts from a variety of legal systems and backgrounds and include Andronico Adede, Ian Brownlie, Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Johan Lammers, and Paul Szasz.International Law and Pollution provides an overview of international legal principles and institutional efforts relevant to pollution and then focuses on two particularly acute problems: nuclear pollution and acid rain. A variety of substantive issues must be confronted in order to deal with the full range of international pollution, and various institutional approaches must be utilized in the prevention, cleanup, and compensation efforts. For example, pollution from nuclear accidents results from a single event, whereas acid rain is a product of chronic emissions; the legal and policy concerns differ accordingly.In the overview, Daniel Barstow Magraw discusses fundamental concepts of international pollution, analytic distinctions among types of pollution, paradigmatic responses to pollution, and the relationship among environmental protection, economic development, and human rights. Other authors examine the existing and evolving principles of customary international law relevant to pollution, the U.N. International Law Commission's work on international liability and international watercourses, and a practitioner's perspective. The chapters on nuclear pollution analyze the conventional regimes and customary principles applicable to this field (including the Chernobyl disaster) and the determination and measurement of damages. Finally, the chapters on acid precipitation summarize the scientific background of the problem and present the multilayered European efforts to control acid rain as well as the Canada-United States acid rain controversy.International Law and Pollution will be of interest to scholars and students of environmental law and international law.

Analyzes the basic duality of theatre (the play is happening on a stage, but the story is happening at some other place and time), exploring how the two aspects both compete and complement each other and suggesting the social factors that impact the total process.

Robin Paul Malloy examines efforts at urban development and revitalization as prototypical examples of a monumental transformation in American law. His investigation reveals that America has rejected a belief in the marketplace, individual freedom, and autonomy, and has instead opted for an ideological commitment to concepts contrary to the rhetoric upon which this country was founded. The urban landscape and its ideological infrastructure are being corrupted by greedy special interest groups and a political system unable to avoid its own excesses.This book is unique in its blending of legal and economic analysis. With a detailed and fresh new interpretation of Adam Smith, Malloy undertakes to challenge some of the most highly promoted urban panning devices and concludes that American law and values are in transformation. He also examines the legal and economic arrangements that have led America down this path of ideological drift and focuses on examples of urban revitalization efforts in several cities, including Indianapolis, Boston, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and Louisville.Recommendations for change are provided. Fundamentally, however, he concludes that change must begin with the reinvigoration of individual values-values that respect individual freedom, liberty, and human dignity-values being readily displaced by the current ideological drift of American legal and economic culture.Planning for Serfdom is an important and controversial book that will be of interest to scholars and students of law, economics, politics, and philosophy.

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic TitleGertrude Stein wrote almost one hundred plays, many of which were published and performed during her lifetime. In "They Watch Me as They Watch This," the first full-length study of Stein's plays, Jane Palatini Bowers focuses on the author's contributions to the genre and offers individual and clarifying readings of these often difficult texts. In writing about Stein's plays, Bowers employs both semiotic and structuralist concepts but avoids the excessively abstract language and "scientific" approach often associated with this kind of criticism.When compared with conventional drama, Stein's plays may appear so strange as to hardly seem like plays at all. Their extreme unconventionality arises from the role language takes in them. Conventional plays allow us to look through the language at the dramatic world created by it; Stein's plays force us to concentrate on the drama inherent in language and language-making. They record and reenact the poet's experiments with language and with theatrical conventions; they also preserve the improvisational writing process in the printed and enacted product. Futhermore, Stein's plays embody her critique of and her ideas about the conventional forms of drama. Thus, the plays are metadramatic: dramas about drama. Stein's belief in the theatricality and performability of language, her metatextual explorations of the interplay between poiesis, textuality, and performance, and her violations of the boundaries between literary criticism and practice have influenced postmodernist playwrights and poets such as David Antin, Richard Foreman, Dick Higgins, Jackson MacLow, and Jerome Rothenberg.They Watch Me as They Watch This provides critical analyses of key plays which illuminate the process of Stein's experimentation during her lifetime of playwriting. Stein's recent critics have eschewed a generic approach to her writing; they overlook her intense interest in genre, and therefore they do not consider the ways in which her texts oppose, subvert, and disrupt generic conventions. Bowers's approach to Stein's work yields rich insights into her writing and into the genre she used. It will be an important contribution to Stein scholarship and to drama criticism as well.

South American Indian Languages are a particularly rich field for comparative study, and this book brings together some of the finest scholarship now being done in that area.

The meter of Middle English alliterative poetry, Thomas Cable contends, holds the key to a reinterpretation of both Old English meter and iambic pentameter, which in turn provides a new understanding of Middle English meter itself. Drawing upon recent insights in linguistics, Cable articulates a revolutionary theory of rhythm in English poetry from its beginnings through the Renaissance and beyond.Cable's discussion moves from the rhythms of Old English poetry and prose to the poetry of Chaucer and the Alliterative Revival, to Shakespeare and T. S. Eliot. He demonstrates that Middle English poetry does not show the continuity of tradition that standard authorities have asserted. With the Norman Conquest of 1066 came a clear break, and what followed was a drastic misreading by the poets of what had come before. Throughout the book, Cable constantly asks fundamental questions regarding the intentions of the poet, the impact of the perceived metrical tradition upon that poet, and, with reference to Peircean abduction, the possibility of constructing any metrical theory, especially one from the distant past. The answers and their implications-metrical, cognitive, and philosophical-provide the foundation for a new understanding of the creation and evolution of English versification from the seventh century to the present.The English Alliterative Tradition is a major and controversial study in medieval English poetics that illustrates and clarifies key ideas of the New Philology. It will be of interest to scholars and students of Old and Middle English, prosody, and historical linguistics.

Critics who hold that postmodernist art is essentially adversarial and apolitical have ignored the historical context of the postmodern focus on the problems of language. Paul Maltby examines a major current of postmodernist fiction that can be read as a dissident response to developments of late capitalism that have transformed the field of language and communication.

Nomadism was one of the most important strategies for survival, and it is still the strategy of choice form many cultures in Africa and the Near East. Nomadism can be best understood through an examination of its origins, by asking why and how nomadism emerged as a way of life.

This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas.

By the end of the fourteenth century, the Crown of Aragon had reached the height of its power and was the most powerful Christian state in the region. Under the rule of King Pedro IV, its navies controlled the western Mediterranean and held the balance of power in the eastern; at the same time, its poets, artists, scholars, and musicians were admired and respected throughout Europe.Commissioned and supervised by King Pedro IV, and compiled some time around 1380, The Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena was long valued as the earliest complete history of the Crown of Aragon. In the period following its composition, it was considered the official history of the realm; even into modern times, virtually every Aragonese historian has relied heavily, and often uncritically, upon the text. A mixture of fact, fantasy, and royal propaganda pegged to an uncertain chronology, it is the sole source of many of the most famous episodes of Aragonese history.With Lynn H. Nelson's translation, the Chronicle is at last available in English. His introduction sets the historical context within which the text was written and suggests various approaches to the work. Extensive notes provide explanations of critical passages and point out historical inaccuracies embedded within the Chronicle; maps and chronological tables of rulers are included as aids to the reader.If there was a single mind that shaped the Chronicle, Nelson contends, it was that of King Pedro himself. Although many scholars worked on the project, the Chronicle was completed only when it had received the king's final approval. It is not simply a history but also a political treatise on the origins and constitution of the Crown of Aragon; if it provides a wealth of historical and narrative material found nowhere else, it also affords an unparalleled insight into the thoughts and aspirations of one of the leading figures in the complex political world of the fourteenth century. The Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of Spanish medieval history.

The overwhelming concentration on questions of allegory in Dante studies, Franco Masciandaro contends, has come at the expense of considerations of the poem's literal dimension. And while the dramatic quality of the Divine Comedy is often recognized, few critics have made it the object of sustained inquiry.In Dante as Dramatist, Masciandaro refocuses on the "poetry of the theater" in the Commedia by examining Dante's interpretation of the myth of the Earthly Paradise as it is represented in a number of key episodes of Inferno and Purgatorio. His principal objective is twofold: to analyze Dante's dramaturgy, especially the creative force of the tragic rhythm that the scenes under scrutiny produce as they succeed one another; and to show how Dante stages the action of the pilgrim's journey to the Earthly Paradise as the fundamental conflict between the dream of a future, second innocence, which ignores the tact of evil, and the recovery of another innocence, analogous to that found in Eden before the Fall.Dante as Dramatist will be of unique interest not only to students and scholars of Dante but also to those who study dramatic forms in literature and theories of the tragic.

John Heysham Gibbon, Jr., M.D., was the first researcher to develop a heart-lung machine that could fully support an adult's cardiac and respiratory functions during surgical procedures to repair defects in the heart and lungs. The difficulty of such a task can be seen in the number of people who attempted it for over a century: the list is long. Gibbon succeeded on May 6, 1953, when he repaired an atrial-septal defect with the patient supported entirely by the machine for 27 minutes.Ada Romaine-Davis contends that few realize how long Gibbon worked to achieve this success. To rectify the situation, Romaine-Davis here provides a thorough study of Gibbon and his accomplishment. She shows how Gibbon overcame discouragement from his peers and mentors and obtained crucial support from IBM Board Chairman Thomas Watson. She examines each of the models produced by Gibbon and puts his achievement into historical perspective. Gibbon himself chose not to pursue cardiac surgery; he remained a thoracic surgeon. Others went on to develop the knowledge and skills that today make open-heart surgery as safe as other major surgical procedures. As Romaine-Davis amply demonstrates, these pioneers stand on the shoulders of a stubborn, persevering, single-minded genius whose determination to leave a legacy to his profession resulted in the one thing essential for sustained progress in heart surgery: John Gibbon's heart-lung machine.This meticulously researched study will make fascinating reading for physicians-especially surgeons-as well as for students and scholars of medical history and science and technology.

James McClenon examines the relationship between wondrous events-extrasensory perception, apparitions, out-of-body and near-death experiences, sleep paralysis, psychokinesis, firewalking, psychic surgery, and spiritual healing-and the foundations of religious belief.

In early Victorian England, there was an intense debate about whether government involvement in the provision of popular elementary education was appropriate. Government did in the end become actively involved, first in the administration of schools and in the supervision of instruction, then in establishing and administering compulsory schooling laws. After a century of stagnation, literacy rates rose markedly.While increasing government involvement would seem to provide the most obvious explanation for this rise, David F. Mitch seeks to demonstrate that, in fact, popular demand was also an important force behind the growth in literacy. Although previous studies have looked at public policy in detail, and although a few have considered popular demand. The Rise of Popular Literacy in Victorian England is the first book to bring together a detailed examination of the two sets of factors.Mitch compares the relative importance of the rise of popular demand for literacy and the development of educational policy measures by the church and state as contributing factors that led to the rise of working class literacy during the Victorian period. He uses an economic-historical approach based on an examination of changes in the costs and benefits of acquiring literacy. Mitch considers the initial demand of the working classes for literacy and how much that demand grew. He also examines how literacy rates were influenced by the development of a national system of elementary school provision and by the establishment of compulsory schooling laws.Mitch uses quantitative methods and evidence as well as more traditional historical sources such as government reports, employment ads, and contemporary literature. An important reference is a national sample of over 8,000 marriage certificates from the mid-Victorian period that provides information on the ability of brides and grooms to sign their names.The Rise of Popular Literacy in Victorian England is a valuable text for students and scholars of British, economic, and labor history, history of literacy and education, and popular culture.