Water Research Foundation Report Series – serie
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175 produkter
Service Life Analysis of Water Main Epoxy Lining
Av Arun K. Deb, Jerry K. Snyder m. fl.
Häftad, 2007
1675 kr
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The objectives of this research were to: (1) gather information on historical epoxy lining installations and document the effectiveness of these previously installed liners in protecting cast iron or steel water mains; (2) develop protocols and procedures and conduct accelerated life-cycle tests on …
Source Water Protection for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
A Guide for Drinking Water Utilities
Av R. Gullick, R. Brown m. fl.
Häftad, 2007
2229 kr
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The objective of the research was to compile information and guidance to help drinking water utilities better understand (1) the basics of animal feeding operations and related agricultural activities, (2) the characteristics and quantity of the wastes produced, (3) the fate and transport of these …
Monitoring Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Chloraminated Distribution Systems
Häftad, 2007
1639 kr
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Nitrification is a common operational problem experienced by utilities that chloraminate, arising from the associated addition and release of ammonia that can support the growth of AOB. Due to the slow growth of AOB, monitoring for nitrification events has focused on surrogate parameters instead of …
Treatment of Waters With Elevated Organic Content
Av Simon Parsons, Bruce Jefferson m. fl.
Häftad, 2007
1639 kr
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Water utilities in the United Kingdom and the United States are faced with problems associated with treating waters with elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and color levels. These periods of increased organic loading can lead to a number of operational problems due to the difficulty in …
Impact of Hydrocarbons on PE/PVC Pipes and Pipe Gaskets
Häftad, 2008
1639 kr
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Some of the factors for the increased use of plastic pipes in water distribution systems are their ease of installation and handling, durability, and good resistance to the chemicals used in water treatment, such as chlorine. In many urban areas, plastic pipes may come into contact with …
Development of an Infectivity Assay for Noroviruses in Cells
Av T. Straub, C. Nickerson m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of non-bacterial, self-limiting, gastrointestinal illness worldwide. The most important routes of norovirus transmission are via contaminated water and food, and secondary person-to-person spread is significant. Due to the importance of this family of …
Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins Using Genetic Methods
Av J. Rasmussen, Paul Monis m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Toxic cyanobacteria are typically monitored using two basic measures, cell counts and toxicity, each of which is moderately costly, highly operator dependent, and has a slow turn-around time. Rapid genetic detection of these cyanobacteria has the potential to be both faster and cheaper and provide …
Long-Term Performance Prediction for PE Pipes
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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International experience indicates that PE often exhibits the lowest failure rate of all materials in use. Many failures are due to third-party damage or poor joint preparation rather than failure under normal service loading conditions. While low failure rates should also be expected in the United …
Reservoir Management Strategies for Control and Degradation of Algal Toxins
Av Justin D. Brookes, Robert Daly m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
2229 kr
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The water industry has been actively seeking methods to control cyanobacteria. However, controlling them to a level that ensures no taste-and-odor problems is difficult. Even low numbers of cyanobacteria can produce concentrations of compounds that cause tastes and odors that attract customer …
An Electrochemical Reactor to Minimize Brominated DBPs in a Conventional Treatment Plant
Av L. Boulos, Helene Baribeau m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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The presence of bromide in drinking water typically leads to the formation of brominated DBPs upon chlorination. Bromide is not removed by conventional water treatment processes. Ion-exchange and high-pressure membrane filtration remove bromide but produce a concentrated brine waste stream. One …
Water Budgets and Rate Structures
Innovative Management Tools
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Water budgets?volumetric allotments of water to customers based on customer-specific characteristics and conservative resource standards?are an innovative means of improving water use efficiency. Once thought to be impractical because of technological constraints, water budgets linked with an …
Strategies for Minimizing Nitrosamine Formation During Disinfection
Av F. Sacher, C. Schmidt m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1639 kr
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NDMA is an aliphatic nitrosamine that has been identified as a disinfection by-product during chloramination of drinking water. In the United States, it has been detected in water treatment plants using chloramine as a disinfectant. NDMA has significant health concerns, as its 10-6 cancer-risk …
Autogenous Healing of Concrete in the Drinking Water Industry
Av J. Parks, Marc Edwards m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
2229 kr
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Little research expenditure has gone towards the investigation of processes responsible for the corrosion of concrete drinking water infrastructure. One important mode of attack on concrete involves access of corrosive water to underlying reinforcing steel through cracks. Under some circumstances …
Assessment of Arsenic Treatment Residuals
Analysis and Stabilization Techniques
Av T. Kramer, R. Loeppert m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1639 kr
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The recent reduction in the maximum allowable contaminant level for arsenic in municipal drinking water has increased the need for effective strategies to remove arsenic from drinking water and has led to the increased generation of arsenic-contaminated residuals from water treatment systems. …
Comparing Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Treating Recycled Water
Av Joerg E. Drewes, C. Bellona m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Membrane treatment of source water of impaired quality by an integrated membrane system (IMS), such as microfiltration (MF) pretreatment followed by RO, represents the industry standard for drinking water augmentation projects. An alternative IMS involving NF membranes and ULPRO membranes in place …
Costs and Benefits of Complete Water Treatment Plant Automation
Av D. Roberts, D. Kubel m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Water utilities are facing a number of trends that are having a broad impact on operations, maintenance, and capital expenditures including increasing labor, energy, and chemical costs. Advanced automation is viewed as a tool that can help to minimize the impacts of many of these. Complete …
Characterization and Performance of Filter Media for Manganese Control
Av J. Tobiason, W. Knocke m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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Removal of elevated levels of Mn in drinking water supplies to address aesthetic concerns (staining of laundry and fixtures, discoloration of water) is an ongoing challenge for water suppliers. Earlier AwwaRF studies documented several aspects of the process of removing Mn via sorption to Mn-oxide …
Host Cell Capture-Quantitative Sequence Detection of Potentially Infectious Viruses
Av George Di Giovanni, K. Mena m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1400 kr
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Conventional detection of infectious waterborne viruses involves the use of cell culture, which is time consuming and costly. Many different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the detection of viruses have been developed, with specificity, speed, and cost advantages over cell culture. …
State of Knowledge of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water
Av Shane A. Snyder, Brett J. Vanderford m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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Over the past decade, EDCs and PPCPs have become a major issue for drinking water utilities. The public, scientists, and regulators all have begun actively investigating this issue, and utilities are often tasked with addressing and communicating complex and sometime conflicting scientific data. In …
Identification of Heterotrophic Bacteria That Colonize Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Av D. Noguera, L. Yilmaz m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
2229 kr
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Bacterial regrowth in chloraminated distribution systems encompasses the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and heterotrophs. While it has been demonstrated that Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrospira spp. are ubiquitous AOB and NOB, respectively, in the …
Toxicological Relevance of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water
Av Shane A. Snyder, Rebecca A. Trenholm m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
452 kr
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Analytical technology has made it possible to detect and quantify nearly any compound known to humankind at diminishingly minute concentrations in water. Although the earliest reports of pharmaceuticals and steroid hormones in water date back nearly four decades, it is only within the past decade …
Design, Operation, and Maintenance for Sustainable Underground Storage Facilities
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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Achieving a sustainable, reliable drinking water supply has emerged in recent years as an increasingly important goal, not only in the United States but also worldwide. This is being driven by population growth, increasing water demands, declining groundwater levels, contamination of water sources, …
Control of Distribution System Water Quality Using Inhibitors
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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Tampa Bay Water (TBW) manages a number of city and county drinking water resources and has recently had to use finished waters produced from saline and surface water sources to supplement their groundwater supplies. Drinking water utilities in Florida and similar environments have historically …
A Simulation Tool to Assess Contaminant Warning System Sensor Performance Characteristics
Av W. Einfeld, S. McKenna m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Water utilities are faced with the ongoing need to provide safe, contaminant-free water to their customers. Contamination sources can include compromised source water that penetrates treatment barriers or intentional contamination attacks from disaffected groups or terrorist organizations. In …
Effect of Pathogen Load on Pathogen Removal by Conventional Treatment
Av G. Harrington, P. Assavasilavasukul m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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The overall goal of this study was to evaluate pathogen removals in conventional water treatment at pathogen concentrations nearer to those found in the aquatic environment. Specific objectives included (1) measurement of pathogen removal at concentrations of 101 pathogens/L rather than 106 …
Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using Anion Exchange and Reduction With Coagulation and Filtration
Av Michael J. McGuire, N. Blute m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
2229 kr
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Public concern about Cr(VI) in drinking water supplies and potential adverse health effects prompted the City of Glendale and its partners to initiate a four-phase program identifying and implementing cost-effective Cr(VI) treatment. Three effective technologies were identified from initial …
Optimizing Molecular Methods to Detect Human Caliciviruses in Environmental Samples
Av J. Vinje
Häftad, 2008
1675 kr
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Among the human caliciviruses, noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Exposure to contaminated water is considered a significant health risk because of the low minimal infectious dose. Many published molecular methods are based on the detection of noroviruses in …
Assessment of Non-Uniform Corrosion in Copper Piping
Av Marc Edwards, P. Scardina m. fl.
Häftad, 2008
2229 kr
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Copper pitting that manifests into a pinhole leak greatly shortens the usable lifespan of potable plumbing pipes. The resulting leak can damage housing infrastructure and other valuables or potentially lead to mold growth. Homeowners, in turn, are adversely impacted by pinhole leaks and bear the …
Strategies to Help Drinking Water Utilities Ensure Effective Retention of Knowledge
Av Linda Blankenship, Terrance M. Brueck m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1675 kr
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Knowledge retention is a significant issue for water utilities, as employees are retiring or leaving to seek other opportunities. This phenomenon is not unique to water utilities, so there is an opportunity to adapt approaches that have proven successful in other industries. Utilities that …
Improved Mycobacterium avium Complex Detection Methods
Av M. T. Collins, A. Yuroff m. fl.
Häftad, 2009
1053 kr
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Mycobacteria belonging to the M. avium complex (MAC) are opportunistic pathogens found in planktonic forms, in biofilms, and within protozoa. Members of this complex are commonly associated with human disease. While a respectable amount of information is available on the occurrence of these …
