Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook: A Quick Reference Guide to Nearly 100 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed

McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide Richard Leifer, Christopher M. McDermott, Gina Colarelli O’Connor, Lois S. Peters, Mark Rice and Robert W. Veryzer are all faculty members in the Lally School of Management and Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide

• Chapter 1: Using DMAIC to Improve Speed, Quality, and Cost Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Kaizen DMAIC Project selection Chapter 2: Working With Ideas Brainstorming Affinity diagrams Multivoting Chapter 3: Value Stream Mapping and Process Flow Tools Process mapping Process observation SIPOC Process mapping steps Transportation and spaghetti (workflow) diagrams Swim-lane (deployment) flowcharts Value stream maps (basic) Flowchart and value stream symbols Value-add (VA) vs. non-value-add (NVA) analysis Time value maps Value-add chart (task time or takt time chart) Chapter 4: Voice of the Customer (VOC) Customer segmentation Sources of customer data Collecting VOC: Interviews Collecting VOC: Point-of-use observation Collecting VOC: Focus groups Collecting VOC: Surveys Kano analysis Developing critical-to-quality requirements Chapter 5: Data Collection Types of data Input vs. output data Data collection planning Measurement selection matrix Stratification factors Operational definitions Cautions on using existing data Making a checksheet Basic checksheets Frequency plot checksheet Traveler checksheet Location checksheet Sampling basics Factors in sample selection Stable process (and population) sampling Formulas for determining minimum sample size (population or stable process) Measurement System Analysis (MSA) and Gage R&R Overview Gage R&R: Collecting the data Interpreting Gage R&R Results MSA: Evaluating bias MSA: Evaluating stability MSA: Evaluating discrimination MSA for attribute/discrete data Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics and Data Displays Statistical term conventions Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) Measures of spread (range, variance, standard deviation) Boxplots Frequency plot (histogram Normal distribution Non-normal distributions and the Central Limit Theorem Chapter 7: Variation Analysis Review of variation concepts Time series plots (Run charts) Run chart table Control chart basics Selecting a control chart Control charts for continuous data Subgrouping for continuous data Control limit formulas for continuous data Factors for Control Chart Formulas Creating an ImR Chart Creating X,R charts or X,S charts Control charts for attribute data Creating p-, np-, c-, and u-charts Control limit formulas for attribute data Assumptions for interpreting control charts Interpreting control charts (Tests for Special Cause Variation) Background on process capability calculations Confusion in short-term vs. long-term process capability calculations Calculating process capability Chapter 8: Identifying and Verifying Causes PART A: Identifying potential causes Pareto charts 5 Whys Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams) C&E Matrix PART B: Tools for confirming causal effects Stratified data charts Testing quick fixes or obvious solutions Scatter plots Hypothesis testing overview Confidence intervals Type I and Type II errors, Confidence, Power, and p-values Confidence intervals and sample size t–test Overview 1-Sample t-test 2-Sample t-test Overview of correlation Correlation statistics (coefficients) Regression overview Simple linear regression Multiple regression ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) One-way ANOVA Degrees of Freedom ANOVA assumptions Two-way ANOVA Chi-Square test Design of Experiments (DOE) notation and terms Planning a designed experiment DOE: Full-factorial vs. Fractional-factorials (and notations) Interpreting DOE results Chapter 9: Reducing Lead Time and Non-Value-Add Cost Basic Lean concepts Metrics of time efficiency Time Traps vs. Capacity Constraints Identifying Time Traps and Capacity Constraints 5S Overview Implementing 5S Generic Pull System Replenishment Pull Systems Two-Bin Replenishment System Computing minimum safe batch sizes Four Step Rapid Setup Method Adapting Four Step Rapid Setup for service processes Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Mistake proofing & prevention (Poka-yoke) Process balancing design principles Work cell optimization Visual Process Controls Chapter 10: Complexity Value Stream Mapping and Complexity Analysis Product/service family grid Complexity Value Stream Map (CVSM) Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) The Complexity Equation Complexity matrix PCE destruction calculations (for a Complexity Matrix) Substructure analysis “What-if” analyses with Complexity Matrix data Chapter 11: Selecting and Testing Solutions Sources of solution ideas Benchmarking Tips on solution selection Developing and using evaluation criteria Solution selection matrix Pairwise ranking Cost evaluation Impact/effort matrix Pugh matrix Other evaluation techniques Controls assessment matrix Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Pilot testing Index