Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments

Bernadette M. Marriott and Sydne J. Carlson, Editors; Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Institute of Medicine

• 1 Front Matter; 2 I: Committee Summary and Recommendations; 3 1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments; 4 2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and Conclusions; 5 II: Background and Introduction to theTopic; 6 3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues; 7 4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes; 8 5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations; 9 6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the Cold; 10 Part II Discussion; 11 III: The Cold Environment; 12 7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure; 13 8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks; 14 9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance; 15 10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress; 16 11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments; 17 12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance; 18 13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements; 19 14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold; 20 15 Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia; 21 Part III Discussion; 22 IV: The High-Terrestrial Environment; 23 16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure; 24 17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes; 25 18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes; 26 19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day; 27 20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes; 28 21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin E; 29 Part IV Discussion; 30 V: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments; 31 22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States; 32 23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the Cold; 33 General Discussion; 34 Appendixes; 35 A: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscript; 36 B: Biographical Sketches; 37 C: Abbreviations; 38 D: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected Bibliography; 39 Index