Transdisciplinary Ecohydrology

Professor Maciej Zalewski is the founder and former Chairman of UNESCO Chair of Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology at the University of Lodz (1991-2020), as well as the founder and former director of the European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Science (2000-present). Professor Zalewski is the author of a novel concept of Ecohydrology which is the scientific basis for the methodology of “Nature-Based Solutions”, that is recently being broadly developed by the United Nations and the European Commission. He has been the leading expert in UNESCO MAB and in UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (UNESCO IHP) in ecohydrology since 1989, and recently as elected as the Chairman of cross-sectoral working group Ecohydrology and Water Quality at UNESCO IHP, phase nine. He coordinates national and international research projects and is invited into expert teams, formulating strategic documents, both at national level and international: for the United Nations and the European Commission. In 2022-2024 he was the vice-chair of the Governing Board of the European Commission’s programme Water4All (budget of 400 million Euro). He is renowned and recognized in the international scientific community and has been invited to numerous plenary lectures on several World Congresses and Conferences: the UN2023 Water Conference (Match 2023 New York), 40th World International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) Congress (August 2023, Vienna), UNESCO Water Centres Conference (May 2024, Kula Lumpur), 10th World Water Forum (May 2024, Bali, Indonesia), as well as invited lectures on prestigious universities: Royal Holloway, University of London (UK), University of Lyon (France), University of Vienna (Austria), University of Algarve (Portugal), University of San Carlos, University of Maringa (Brazil), Ethiopia, Burundi, Kenya, Senegal, National University of Ireland, University of Guelph (Canada), University of Alaska (USA), Japan, China, Malesia, Cibinong Science Centre, Lipi, Cibinong-Bogor (Indonesia), University Brno (Czechia), Hungary, Norway, Sweden.

• PREFACE: ECOHYDROLOGY’S ROLE AS KEY GAME CHANGING ELEMENT IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSPART I – IT ALL COMES DOWN TO WATER…. THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECOHYDROLOGY INTRODUCTION1. WHY IS ECOHYDROLOGY BECOMING A GAME CHANGER FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE?2. THEORY OF ECOHYDROLOGY3. ORIGINS OF ECOHYDROLOGY4. EVOLUTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF ECOHYDROLOGY4.1. THE ECOSYSTEM THEORY4.2. THE GAIA THEORY4.3. DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ON THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM4.4. ECOHYDROLOGY - INTEGRATION OF HYDROLOGY AND ECOLOGY RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT5.1. UNDERSTANDING THE RIVER METABOLISM AS BACKGROUND FOR EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION ECOHYDROLOGICAL NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS5.2. ENERGY BALANCE OF A LIVING ORGANISM – SURVIVAL = ENERGY GEIN / ENERGY EXPENDITURE5.3. THE FLOW OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM ECOHYDRAULICS5.4. THE RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT – PROCESS ORIENTED THINKING ABRC METABOLISM5.5. ECOTONE ZONES AS A FACTOR SHAPING BIODIVERSITY5.6. THE ROLE OF ECOTONES ON THE FLOODPLAIN5.7. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY AND THE ROLE OF ECOTONES IN ITS PROTECTION SELFPURIFICATION PROCESS6. ABIOTIC/BIOTIC REGULATORY CONTINUUM - THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECOHYDROLOGY6.1. INTRODUCTION AND ORIGIN OF THE MODEL6.2. BIODIVERSITY IN VARIOUS RIVER ECOSYSTEMS AS CORROBORATION OF THE ABRC APPROACH6.3. REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF FISH AS CORROBORATION OF THE ABRC APPROACH7. PRINCIPLES OF ECOHYDROLOGY - THE BASIS OF SYSTEM SOLUTIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT7.1. HYDROLOGICAL PRINCIPLE7.2. ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE7.3. ECOTECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE8. ECOHYDROLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR RIVERS AND STREAMS RESTORATION8.1. INTRODUCTION - THE IMPORTANCE OF ECOTONIC ZONES FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF RIVERS AND STREAMS8.2. PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ECOTONE ZONE8.3. SUMMARY9. CATCHMENT AREA - RIVER VALLEY - FLOODPLAIN TERRACE – RIVER9.1. INTRODUCTION9.2. CLIMATE CHANGE AND RIVER SYSTEMS9.3. MANAGEMENT OF THE CATCHMENT AREA9.4. ECOHYDROLOGY FOR FLOOD PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT9.5. ECOHYDROLOGY FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT10. HOW TO MANAGE WATER CYCLES IN WATERSHED10.1. LANDSCAPE CHANGES10.2. CONTROL OF DICCUSE POLLUTANT INPUTS TO WATER BODIES10.3. WIND AND WATER EROSION CONCLUSIONPART II – INVITED1. ECOHYDROLOGICAL QUANTIFICATION OF FACTORS EXERTING AN IMPACT ON NUTRIENT LOAD OF THE BALTIC SEA AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ITS DRAINAGE BASIN1.1. INTRODUCION1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BALTIC SEA BASIN1.3. MAIN SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS SUPPLY OF THE BALTIC SEA1.4. HIERARCHY OF FACTORS CAUSING NUTRIENT LOAD INPUT1.5. CLUSTERING COUNTRIES BY FACTORS CORRELATED TO NUTRIENT INPUT TO THE BALTIC SEA1.6. HOW TO REVERSE THE DEGRADATION OF THE BALTIC SEA? – ENHANCEMENT OF CATCHMENT SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL WBSR+CE+LPG ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES2. MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER AS A SOURCE OF HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS2.1. INTRODUCION2.2. CONTAMINATION WITH NUTRIENTS2.3. CONTAMINATION WITH ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA (ARB) AND ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT GENES (ARG)2.4. CONTAMINATION WITH FECAL BACTERIA AND CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER SPP. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES3. RECLAMATION OF RESERVOIRS3.1. INTRODUCTION3.2. HIGHLY EFFICIENT BUFFER ZONES FOR REDUCTION OF DISPERSED POLLUTION3.3. MANAGEMENT OF ECOTONE ZONES3.4. THE ROLE OF THE FLOODPLAIN IN ABSORBING THE NUTRIENT LOAD4. BIOMANIPULATION AND HYDROBIOMANIPULATION REFERENCES REFERENCES6. APPLICATION OF HYDROACOUSTIC METHODS IN ECOHYDROLOGY6.1. ECHOSOUNDERS – PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROACOUSTIC METHODS6.2. FISH DETECTION6.3. MACROPHYTES6.4. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE6.5. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOTTOM6.6. RESTRICTIONS OF HYDROACOUSTICS IN SHALLOW WATERS6.7. SUMMARY REFERENCES:7. HYBRID SEQUENTIAL BIOFILTRATION SYSTEM (HSBS) FOR SMALL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS8. CLIMATE CHANGE, EUTROPHICATION AND CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (CYANOHABS)8.1. CYANOBACTERIA - A GLOBAL THREAT8.2. ENVIRONMENTAL (ABIOTIC) PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYANOHABS8.3. MONITORING OF TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA REFERENCES9. MICROORGANISM IN ECOHYDROLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR REDUCTION OF CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM (CYANOHAB)9.1. PREVENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYANOHAB9.2. REGULATION OF CYANOBACTERIAL GROWTH AND TOXICITY REFERENCES:10. APPLICATION OF ECOHYDROLOGY FOR THE PESTICIDES IMPACT MITIGATION10.1. WHY SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED OF PESTICIDES?10.2. THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH, TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS10.3. HOLISTIC APPROACH TOWARDS PESTICIDES IMPACT REDUCTION10.4. AGRICULTURE LEVEL MITIGATION10.5. ECOHYDROLOGICAL NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS10.6. ADSORPTION10.7. MICROBIAL DEGRADATION10.8. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS10.9. BUFFER ZONES AND ECOTONES10.10. CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS10.11. CONCLUSIONS11. BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION METHODS AS EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR MICROPOLLUTANTS REMOVAL AND PROTECTION OF LAND-WATER ECOSYSTEMS11.1. INTRODUCTION11.2. BIOREMEDIATION11.3. PHYTOREMEDIATION11.4. RHIZOREMEDIATION12. ECOHYDROLOGICAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCTION WATER POLLUTION IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS13. HYBRID SEQUENTIAL SEDIMENTATION BIOFILTRATION SYSTEM (SED-BIO) FOR LAKEWATER PROTECTION REFERENCES:14. MICROORGANISMS AS ACTIVATORS, REGULATORS AND BIOINDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEMS14. 1. BACTERIAL ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS14.2. BACTERIAL INDICATORS AS A SANITARY THREAT DETECTORS. MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING AND MONITORING OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM’S CONTAMINATION WITH PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. REFERENCES:15. SMART BLUE GREEN CITY OF THE FUTURE15. 1. IS THE COEXISTENCE OF THE CITY AND NATURE POSSIBLE?15. 2. WATER IN CITIES15. 3. WATER AND GREEN AREAS IN CITIES15. 4. FORECASTING THE NEEDS OF CITIES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL OPTIONS REFERENCES:16. RESTORATION OF THE UPPER BZURA RESERVOIRS USING ECOHYDROLOGICAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES AND HYBRID SYSTEMS REFERENCES:17. LINK BETWEEN ROAD SALT APPLICATION AND EUTROPHICATION OF FRESHWATERS FROM AN ECOHYDROLOGY PERSPECTIVE 316 INTRODUCTION CAUSED AND EFFECT ANALYSES18. ECOHYDROLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF THE INLAND WATERWAY FOR INCREASING THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT (WBSR+CE)19. APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES ECOHYDROLOGY TO BUILD A SMALL RETENTION RESERVOIR FOR IMPROVEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT RIVER BASIN (WBSR+CE)20. ECOHYDROLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE WORLD20.1. RECREATING THE DYNAMICS OF THE LOIRE ENVIRONMENT (FRANCE) WITH THE USE OF LIMITED RESOURCES20.2. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECOHYDROLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION AREA ON THE RESERVOIR SAGULING (CITARUM RIVER CATCHMENT IN WEST JAVA - INDONESIA)20.3. ECOHYDROLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF LAKE NAIVASHA20.4. SYSTEM SOLUTIONS AT LAKE ASSELA, ETHIOPIA20.5. ECOHYDROLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: TOOLS FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN WATER AND NATURE MANAGEMENT REFERENCESPART III – FORESIGHT1. SUSTAINABLE FUTURE -NECESSITY OF TRANSFORMATION OF ANTHROPOCENE INTO ECOCENE2. IMPLEMENTATION2.1. METHODOLOGY AND STRATEGY OF FORESIGHT IMPLEMENTATION2.2. PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTING A FORESIGHT VISION2.3. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT2.4. CHANGING THE PARADIGM AND THE METHOD OF DIALOGUE2.5. BUILDING A VISION FOR THE FUTURE, SCENARIOS AND STRATEGIES2.6. SUMMARY OF FORESIGHTPART IV – CULTURE AND EDUCATION - FUNDAMENTALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS1. CULTURE AND EDUCATION2. RIVER CULTURE AND ECOHYDROLOGY AS A FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIETAL INVOLVEMENT FOR RIVER BASIN SUSTAINABILITY3. UNESCO4. ECOHYDROLOGY: SUMMARY AND WAY FORWARD SUMMARY LITERATURE