Paul Song is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley. Howard J. Singer is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley.

• PrefacePaul Song, Howard J. Singer, and George L. Siscoe ixSECTION I: IntroductionThe U. S. National Space Weather Program: A RetrospectiveR. M. Robinson and R. A. Behnke 1Space Weather Effects on TechnologiesLouis J. Lanzerotti 11Space Weather Forecasting: A Grand ChallengeH. J. Singer, G. R. Heckman, and J. W. Hirman 23Space Weather: Lessons from the MeteorologistsRobert R McCoy 31What We Must Know About Solar Particle Events to Reduce the Risk to AstronautsRon Turner 39Living With a StarGeorge L. Withbroe 45Space Weather: European Space Agency PerspectivesE. J. Daly and A. Hilgers 53Space Weather: Japanese PerspectivesY. Kamide 59Space Weather: Russian PerspectivesM. Panasyuk 65SECTION II: Origin of Space Weather: The Sun and Its InfluenceSolar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field: A TutorialC. T. Russell 73Space Weather and the Changing SunE. N. Parker 91SEPs: Space Weather Hazard in Interplanetary SpaceDonald V. Reames 101Origin and Properties of Solar Energetic Particles in Space5. W. Kahler 109The Solar Sources of Geoeffective StructuresD. F. Webb, N. U. Crooker, S. P. Plunkett, and O. C. St. Cyr 123Theory of Coronal Mass EjectionsJames A. Klimchuk 143MHD Modeling of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere: Comparison With ObservationsPete Riley, Jon Linker, Zoran Mikic, and Roberto Lionello 159From Sun to Earth: Multiscale MHD Simulations of Space WeatherJamas I. Gombosi, Darren L. DeZeeuw, Clinton P. T. Groth, Kenneth G. Powell, C. Robert Clauer, and Paul Song 1 69Visualizing CMEs and Predicting Geomagnetic Storms from Solar Magnetic FieldsYan Li, Janet G. Luhmann, J. Todd. Hoeksema, Xuepu Zhao, and C. NickArge 177Prediction of Southward IMF BzJ. K. Chao and H. H. Chen 1 83Specifying Geomagnetic Cutoffs for Solar Energetic ParticlesJohn W. Freeman and Seth Orloff 191Status of Cycle 23 ForecastsDavid H. Hathaway, Robert M. Wilson, and Edwin J. Reichmann 195Solar Activity Predicted with Artificial IntelligenceHenrik Lundstedt 201The STEREO Space Weather BroadcastO. C. St. Cyr and J. M. Davila 205SECTION III: Specification and Prediction of the Magnetosphere70 Years of Magnetospheric ModelingG. L. Siscoe 211MHD Simulation of Magnetospheric Transport at the MesoscaleW. W. White, J. A. Schoendorf, K. D. Siebert, N. C. Maynard, D. R. Weimer, G. L Wilson, B. U. O. Sonnerup, G. L. Siscoe, and G. M. Erickson 229Modeling Extreme Compression of the Magnetosphere: Results From a Global MHDSimulation of the May 4, 1998 EventJ. Berchem, M. El-Alaoui, and M. Ashour-Abdalla 241Model Predictions of Magnetosheath ConditionsP. Song 249Nowcasting and Forecasting the Magnetopause and Bow Shock LocationsBased on Empirical Models and Real-Time Solar Wind DataS. M. Petrinec 257Modeling Inner Magnetospheric ElectrodynamicsF. R. Toffoletto, R. W. Spiro, R. A. Wolf, J. Birn, and M. Hesse 265Empirical Magnetic Field Models for the Space Weather ProgramN. A. Tsyganenko 273Dynamic Radiation Belt Modeling at Air Force Research LaboratoryJ. M. Albert, D. H. Brautigam, R. V Hilmer, and G. P. Ginet 281Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by ULF Wave Drift Resonance:Simulation of 1997 and 1998 StormsMary K. Hudson, Scot R. Elkington, John G. Lyon, M. \A/iltberger, and Marc Lessard 289Modeling the Transport of Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere with SalammboD. Boscher and S. Bourdarie 297The Search for Predictable Features of Relativistic Electron Events:Results from the GEM Storms CampaignG. D. Reeves, K. L. McAdams, R. H. \A/. Friedel, and J. E. Cayton 305Forecasting Kilovolt ElectronsR. A. Wolf, R. W. Spiro, T. W. Garner, and E R. Toffoletto 313Specification of Energetic Magnetospheric ElectronsD. E Moorer and D. N. Baker 321Predicting Geomagnetic Storms as a Space Weather ProjectSyun-lchiAkasofu 329Predicting Geomagnetic Activity: The Ds^ IndexRobert L. McPherron and Paul O'Brien 339Space Weather Effects on Power SystemsD. H. Boteler 347Advanced Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting for the Electric Power IndustryJohn Kappenman 353SECTION IV: Specification and Prediction of the Ionosphere and ThermosphereIonospheric Climatology and Weather Disturbances: A TutorialR. W. Schunk 359On Forecasting Thermospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances in Space Weather EventsR. G. Roble 369Geomagnetic Storm Simulation With a Coupled Magnetosphere-lonosphere-Thermosphere ModelJoachim Raeder, Yongli Wang, and Timothy J. Fuller-Rowell 377Forecasting Ionospheric Electric Fields: An Interplanetary Coupling PerspectiveNelson C. Maynard and William J. Burke 385Capturing the Storm-Time F-Region Ionospheric Response in an Empirical ModelT J. Fuller-Rowell, M. V. Codrescu, and E. A. Araujo-Pradere 393Ionospheric Response for the Sept. 24-25, 1998 Magnetic Cloud EventR. M. Winglee, D. Chua, M. Brittnacher, and G. K. Parks 403FAST Observations of Ion Outflow with Magnetic StormsJ. P. McFadden, Y. K. Tung, C. W. Carlson, R. J. Strangeway, E. Moebius, and L M. Kistler 413Specification and Forecasting of Outages on Satellite Communication and Navigation SystemsS. Basu and K. M. Groves 423New Systems for Space Based Monitoring of Ionospheric Irregularitiesand Radio Wave ScintillationsP. A. Bernhardt, J. D. Huba, C. A. Selcher, K. F. Dymond, G. R. Carruthers, G. Bust, C. Rocken, and T L Beach  431

Paul Song is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley. Howard J. Singer is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley.

• PrefacePaul Song, Howard J. Singer, and George L. Siscoe ixSECTION I: IntroductionThe U. S. National Space Weather Program: A RetrospectiveR. M. Robinson and R. A. Behnke 1Space Weather Effects on TechnologiesLouis J. Lanzerotti 11Space Weather Forecasting: A Grand ChallengeH. J. Singer, G. R. Heckman, and J. W. Hirman 23Space Weather: Lessons from the MeteorologistsRobert R McCoy 31What We Must Know About Solar Particle Events to Reduce the Risk to AstronautsRon Turner 39Living With a StarGeorge L. Withbroe 45Space Weather: European Space Agency PerspectivesE. J. Daly and A. Hilgers 53Space Weather: Japanese PerspectivesY. Kamide 59Space Weather: Russian PerspectivesM. Panasyuk 65SECTION II: Origin of Space Weather: The Sun and Its InfluenceSolar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field: A TutorialC. T. Russell 73Space Weather and the Changing SunE. N. Parker 91SEPs: Space Weather Hazard in Interplanetary SpaceDonald V. Reames 101Origin and Properties of Solar Energetic Particles in Space5. W. Kahler 109The Solar Sources of Geoeffective StructuresD. F. Webb, N. U. Crooker, S. P. Plunkett, and O. C. St. Cyr 123Theory of Coronal Mass EjectionsJames A. Klimchuk 143MHD Modeling of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere: Comparison With ObservationsPete Riley, Jon Linker, Zoran Mikic, and Roberto Lionello 159From Sun to Earth: Multiscale MHD Simulations of Space WeatherJamas I. Gombosi, Darren L. DeZeeuw, Clinton P. T. Groth, Kenneth G. Powell, C. Robert Clauer, and Paul Song 1 69Visualizing CMEs and Predicting Geomagnetic Storms from Solar Magnetic FieldsYan Li, Janet G. Luhmann, J. Todd. Hoeksema, Xuepu Zhao, and C. NickArge 177Prediction of Southward IMF BzJ. K. Chao and H. H. Chen 1 83Specifying Geomagnetic Cutoffs for Solar Energetic ParticlesJohn W. Freeman and Seth Orloff 191Status of Cycle 23 ForecastsDavid H. Hathaway, Robert M. Wilson, and Edwin J. Reichmann 195Solar Activity Predicted with Artificial IntelligenceHenrik Lundstedt 201The STEREO Space Weather BroadcastO. C. St. Cyr and J. M. Davila 205SECTION III: Specification and Prediction of the Magnetosphere70 Years of Magnetospheric ModelingG. L. Siscoe 211MHD Simulation of Magnetospheric Transport at the MesoscaleW. W. White, J. A. Schoendorf, K. D. Siebert, N. C. Maynard, D. R. Weimer, G. L Wilson, B. U. O. Sonnerup, G. L. Siscoe, and G. M. Erickson 229Modeling Extreme Compression of the Magnetosphere: Results From a Global MHDSimulation of the May 4, 1998 EventJ. Berchem, M. El-Alaoui, and M. Ashour-Abdalla 241Model Predictions of Magnetosheath ConditionsP. Song 249Nowcasting and Forecasting the Magnetopause and Bow Shock LocationsBased on Empirical Models and Real-Time Solar Wind DataS. M. Petrinec 257Modeling Inner Magnetospheric ElectrodynamicsF. R. Toffoletto, R. W. Spiro, R. A. Wolf, J. Birn, and M. Hesse 265Empirical Magnetic Field Models for the Space Weather ProgramN. A. Tsyganenko 273Dynamic Radiation Belt Modeling at Air Force Research LaboratoryJ. M. Albert, D. H. Brautigam, R. V Hilmer, and G. P. Ginet 281Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by ULF Wave Drift Resonance:Simulation of 1997 and 1998 StormsMary K. Hudson, Scot R. Elkington, John G. Lyon, M. \A/iltberger, and Marc Lessard 289Modeling the Transport of Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere with SalammboD. Boscher and S. Bourdarie 297The Search for Predictable Features of Relativistic Electron Events:Results from the GEM Storms CampaignG. D. Reeves, K. L. McAdams, R. H. \A/. Friedel, and J. E. Cayton 305Forecasting Kilovolt ElectronsR. A. Wolf, R. W. Spiro, T. W. Garner, and E R. Toffoletto 313Specification of Energetic Magnetospheric ElectronsD. E Moorer and D. N. Baker 321Predicting Geomagnetic Storms as a Space Weather ProjectSyun-lchiAkasofu 329Predicting Geomagnetic Activity: The Ds^ IndexRobert L. McPherron and Paul O'Brien 339Space Weather Effects on Power SystemsD. H. Boteler 347Advanced Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting for the Electric Power IndustryJohn Kappenman 353SECTION IV: Specification and Prediction of the Ionosphere and ThermosphereIonospheric Climatology and Weather Disturbances: A TutorialR. W. Schunk 359On Forecasting Thermospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances in Space Weather EventsR. G. Roble 369Geomagnetic Storm Simulation With a Coupled Magnetosphere-lonosphere-Thermosphere ModelJoachim Raeder, Yongli Wang, and Timothy J. Fuller-Rowell 377Forecasting Ionospheric Electric Fields: An Interplanetary Coupling PerspectiveNelson C. Maynard and William J. Burke 385Capturing the Storm-Time F-Region Ionospheric Response in an Empirical ModelT J. Fuller-Rowell, M. V. Codrescu, and E. A. Araujo-Pradere 393Ionospheric Response for the Sept. 24-25, 1998 Magnetic Cloud EventR. M. Winglee, D. Chua, M. Brittnacher, and G. K. Parks 403FAST Observations of Ion Outflow with Magnetic StormsJ. P. McFadden, Y. K. Tung, C. W. Carlson, R. J. Strangeway, E. Moebius, and L M. Kistler 413Specification and Forecasting of Outages on Satellite Communication and Navigation SystemsS. Basu and K. M. Groves 423New Systems for Space Based Monitoring of Ionospheric Irregularitiesand Radio Wave ScintillationsP. A. Bernhardt, J. D. Huba, C. A. Selcher, K. F. Dymond, G. R. Carruthers, G. Bust, C. Rocken, and T L Beach  431

Paul Song is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley. Howard J. Singer is the editor of Space Weather, published by Wiley.

• PrefacePaul Song, Howard J. Singer, and George L. Siscoe ixSECTION I: IntroductionThe U. S. National Space Weather Program: A RetrospectiveR. M. Robinson and R. A. Behnke 1Space Weather Effects on TechnologiesLouis J. Lanzerotti 11Space Weather Forecasting: A Grand ChallengeH. J. Singer, G. R. Heckman, and J. W. Hirman 23Space Weather: Lessons from the MeteorologistsRobert R McCoy 31What We Must Know About Solar Particle Events to Reduce the Risk to AstronautsRon Turner 39Living With a StarGeorge L. Withbroe 45Space Weather: European Space Agency PerspectivesE. J. Daly and A. Hilgers 53Space Weather: Japanese PerspectivesY. Kamide 59Space Weather: Russian PerspectivesM. Panasyuk 65SECTION II: Origin of Space Weather: The Sun and Its InfluenceSolar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field: A TutorialC. T. Russell 73Space Weather and the Changing SunE. N. Parker 91SEPs: Space Weather Hazard in Interplanetary SpaceDonald V. Reames 101Origin and Properties of Solar Energetic Particles in Space5. W. Kahler 109The Solar Sources of Geoeffective StructuresD. F. Webb, N. U. Crooker, S. P. Plunkett, and O. C. St. Cyr 123Theory of Coronal Mass EjectionsJames A. Klimchuk 143MHD Modeling of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere: Comparison With ObservationsPete Riley, Jon Linker, Zoran Mikic, and Roberto Lionello 159From Sun to Earth: Multiscale MHD Simulations of Space WeatherJamas I. Gombosi, Darren L. DeZeeuw, Clinton P. T. Groth, Kenneth G. Powell, C. Robert Clauer, and Paul Song 1 69Visualizing CMEs and Predicting Geomagnetic Storms from Solar Magnetic FieldsYan Li, Janet G. Luhmann, J. Todd. Hoeksema, Xuepu Zhao, and C. NickArge 177Prediction of Southward IMF BzJ. K. Chao and H. H. Chen 1 83Specifying Geomagnetic Cutoffs for Solar Energetic ParticlesJohn W. Freeman and Seth Orloff 191Status of Cycle 23 ForecastsDavid H. Hathaway, Robert M. Wilson, and Edwin J. Reichmann 195Solar Activity Predicted with Artificial IntelligenceHenrik Lundstedt 201The STEREO Space Weather BroadcastO. C. St. Cyr and J. M. Davila 205SECTION III: Specification and Prediction of the Magnetosphere70 Years of Magnetospheric ModelingG. L. Siscoe 211MHD Simulation of Magnetospheric Transport at the MesoscaleW. W. White, J. A. Schoendorf, K. D. Siebert, N. C. Maynard, D. R. Weimer, G. L Wilson, B. U. O. Sonnerup, G. L. Siscoe, and G. M. Erickson 229Modeling Extreme Compression of the Magnetosphere: Results From a Global MHDSimulation of the May 4, 1998 EventJ. Berchem, M. El-Alaoui, and M. Ashour-Abdalla 241Model Predictions of Magnetosheath ConditionsP. Song 249Nowcasting and Forecasting the Magnetopause and Bow Shock LocationsBased on Empirical Models and Real-Time Solar Wind DataS. M. Petrinec 257Modeling Inner Magnetospheric ElectrodynamicsF. R. Toffoletto, R. W. Spiro, R. A. Wolf, J. Birn, and M. Hesse 265Empirical Magnetic Field Models for the Space Weather ProgramN. A. Tsyganenko 273Dynamic Radiation Belt Modeling at Air Force Research LaboratoryJ. M. Albert, D. H. Brautigam, R. V Hilmer, and G. P. Ginet 281Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by ULF Wave Drift Resonance:Simulation of 1997 and 1998 StormsMary K. Hudson, Scot R. Elkington, John G. Lyon, M. \A/iltberger, and Marc Lessard 289Modeling the Transport of Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere with SalammboD. Boscher and S. Bourdarie 297The Search for Predictable Features of Relativistic Electron Events:Results from the GEM Storms CampaignG. D. Reeves, K. L. McAdams, R. H. \A/. Friedel, and J. E. Cayton 305Forecasting Kilovolt ElectronsR. A. Wolf, R. W. Spiro, T. W. Garner, and E R. Toffoletto 313Specification of Energetic Magnetospheric ElectronsD. E Moorer and D. N. Baker 321Predicting Geomagnetic Storms as a Space Weather ProjectSyun-lchiAkasofu 329Predicting Geomagnetic Activity: The Ds^ IndexRobert L. McPherron and Paul O'Brien 339Space Weather Effects on Power SystemsD. H. Boteler 347Advanced Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting for the Electric Power IndustryJohn Kappenman 353SECTION IV: Specification and Prediction of the Ionosphere and ThermosphereIonospheric Climatology and Weather Disturbances: A TutorialR. W. Schunk 359On Forecasting Thermospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances in Space Weather EventsR. G. Roble 369Geomagnetic Storm Simulation With a Coupled Magnetosphere-lonosphere-Thermosphere ModelJoachim Raeder, Yongli Wang, and Timothy J. Fuller-Rowell 377Forecasting Ionospheric Electric Fields: An Interplanetary Coupling PerspectiveNelson C. Maynard and William J. Burke 385Capturing the Storm-Time F-Region Ionospheric Response in an Empirical ModelT J. Fuller-Rowell, M. V. Codrescu, and E. A. Araujo-Pradere 393Ionospheric Response for the Sept. 24-25, 1998 Magnetic Cloud EventR. M. Winglee, D. Chua, M. Brittnacher, and G. K. Parks 403FAST Observations of Ion Outflow with Magnetic StormsJ. P. McFadden, Y. K. Tung, C. W. Carlson, R. J. Strangeway, E. Moebius, and L M. Kistler 413Specification and Forecasting of Outages on Satellite Communication and Navigation SystemsS. Basu and K. M. Groves 423New Systems for Space Based Monitoring of Ionospheric Irregularitiesand Radio Wave ScintillationsP. A. Bernhardt, J. D. Huba, C. A. Selcher, K. F. Dymond, G. R. Carruthers, G. Bust, C. Rocken, and T L Beach  431