Shaping the Developing World

Andy Baker is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Program on International Development in the Institute of Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado Boulder. He conducts research on Latin American politics, mass political behavior, and international political economy. His articles on these topics have appeared in American Journal of Political Science, American Political Science Review, Journal of Politics, Latin American Research Review, World Development, World Politics, and other journals. He is also the author of two books on public opinion and voting in Latin America: Persuasive Peers: Social Communication and Voting in Latin America (2020, Princeton University Press, co-authored with Barry Ames and Lúcio Renno) and The Market and the Masses in Latin America: Policy Reform and Consumption in Liberalizing Economies (2009, Cambridge University Press) and. Andy lives with his wife and daughter in Boulder, Colorado.

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• Tables, Figures, and MapsPrefaceAbout the AuthorPart I IntroductionChapter 1 Underdevelopment and Diversity in the Global SouthDefining the Developing WorldEconomic, Social, and Political Characteristics of LDCsA Brief History of Economic DevelopmentGoals and Organization: Who or What Causes Global Poverty?Key TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 2 Human Development and UnderdevelopmentDefining Human DevelopmentHealth Snapshot: Description and Causes of the Developing World’s DeficitHealth Trends: Tracking Improvements in LDCsEducation Snapshot: Description and Causes of the Developing World’s DeficitEducation Trends: Tracking Improvements in LDCs through TimeKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 3 The Costs and Benefits of Economic DevelopmentIncome Inequality and DevelopmentThe Environment and DevelopmentCulture and DevelopmentHappiness and DevelopmentConclusionKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesPart II The West: International ContextsChapter 4 Slavery and ColonialismThe Atlantic Slave TradeCauses of Underdevelopment: The Long-Term Damage of SlaveryCritique: Questioning the Magnitude of Slavery’s LegacyWestern ColonialismCauses of Underdevelopment: Western Colonialism’s ConsequencesCritique of Colonial Legacy ArgumentsKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 5 Globalization and NeocolonialismFrom the First Global Century to Import SubstitutionCauses of Underdevelopment: Dependency and Other Early Theories of Global ExploitationCritiques of Structuralism, Dependency Theory, and WSTReintegrating the GlobeCauses of Underdevelopment: Newer Concerns about GlobalizationCritique: Defending GlobalizationKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 6 Foreign Aid and the Bretton Woods InstitutionsForeign AidCauses of Underdevelopment: Aid SkepticismCritique: Defending Foreign Aid and Its RecordThe Bretton Woods Institutions: The IMF and the World BankCauses of Underdevelopment: Imposing Market FundamentalismCritique: Defending the Bretton Woods InstitutionsKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesPart III The South: Domestic FactorsChapter 7 States, Markets, and Development ModelsState-Led DevelopmentCauses of Underdevelopment: Failures of the State-Led ModelCritique: Successes of State-Led DevelopmentSocialismCauses of Underdevelopment: Failures of SocialismCritique: Successes of SocialismThe Market-Oriented StrategyCauses of Underdevelopment: Shortcomings of the Market-Oriented StrategyCritique: Successes of the Washington ConsensusKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 8 Economic Institutions and InformalityProperty Markets and Informal OwnershipCauses of Underdevelopment: The Drawbacks of Informal OwnershipCritique: Is Formality Worth It?Informal Work and Informal FirmsCauses of Underdevelopment: The Drawbacks of Informal Work and FirmsCritique: Formalization as a False SolutionCauses of Underdevelopment: The Drawbacks of Informal FinanceCritique: Overselling Financial InclusionKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 9 Political Institutions and GovernancePolitical RegimesThe Judiciary and the BureaucracyCauses of Underdevelopment: Bad Political InstitutionsCritique of NIEKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 10 Culture and IdentityUnderstanding Culture and Social IdentityCauses of Underdevelopment: The Culturalist SchoolCritique of Culturalist ClaimsCultural DiversityCauses of Underdevelopment: The Costs of Cultural DiversityCritique: Defending DiversityKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 11 Gender InequalityFemale DisempowermentCauses of Underdevelopment: Disempowered Women and GirlsCritiques of the Instrumentalist ViewFemale Health, Physical Security, and FertilityCauses of Underdevelopment: High FertilityCritique: Doubting the Costs of High FertilityKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 12 Violence and State FailurePolitical Violence and State FailureCauses of Underdevelopment: War as Development in ReverseCritique: Rethinking the Costs of Political ViolenceCommunity ViolenceCauses of Underdevelopment: The Toll of Community ViolenceCritique: Putting the Costs of Community Violence in PerspectiveKey TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesPart IV The Natural World: Physical GeographyChapter 13 Geography and DevelopmentGeographical Commonalities of the Developing WorldCauses of Underdevelopment: Physical Geography and ClimateCritique: Geographical Determinism?The Resource CurseCauses of Underdevelopment: Subsoil AssetsCritique: A Resource Blessing?Key TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesChapter 14 Environmental Change and DevelopmentCommunal Environmental ProblemsCauses of Underdevelopment: A Malthusian Trap?Critique: Recent History versus Neo-MalthusianismClimate ChangeCauses of Underdevelopment: The Burden of Climate ChangeCritique: An Exaggerated Threat to Development?Key TermsActive Learning ExercisesData and Web ResourcesAppendix: Country CodesNotesGlossaryIndex