Formulas and Calculations for Drilling Operations

AvJames G. Speight

Inbunden, Engelska, 2018

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Beskrivning

Newly revised, this is still the "must have" guide for any drilling, production, or petroleum engineer, with thousands of handy formulas and calculations that the engineer needs on a daily basis.Presented in an easy-to-use format, this second edition of Formulas and Calculations for Drilling Operations is a quick reference for day-to-day work out on the rig. It also serves as a handy study guide for drilling and well control certification courses. Virtually all the mathematics required on a drilling rig is here in one convenient source, including formulas for pressure gradient, specific gravity, pump, output, annular velocity, buoyancy factor, and many other topics.Whether open on your desk, on the hood of your truck at the well, or on an offshore platform, this is the only book available that covers the gamut of the formulas and calculations for petroleum engineers that have been compiled over decades. Some of these formulas and calculations have been used for decades, while others are meant to help guide the engineer through some of the more recent breakthroughs in the industry's technology, such as hydraulic fracturing and enhanced oil recovery.There is no other source for these useful formulas and calculations that is this thorough. An instant classic when the first edition was published, the much-improved revision is even better, offering new information not available in the first edition, making it as up-to-date as possible in book form. Truly a state-of-the-art masterpiece for the oil and gas industry, if there is only one book you buy to help you do your job, this is it!

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2018-04-27
Mått:152 x 229 x 17 mm
Vikt:574 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:300
Upplaga:2
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781119083627

Utforska kategorier

Energiteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

James G. Speight, PhD, has more than forty-five years of experience in energy, environmental science, and ethics. He is the author of more than sixty-five books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, and environmental sciences. Although he has always worked in private industry which focused on contract-based work, Dr. Speight has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition, he was a Visiting Professor in the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq and has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.

Innehållsförteckning

Preface xiii1 Standard Formulas and Calculations 11.01 Abrasion Index 11.02 Acid Number 31.03 Acidity and Alkalinity 31.04 Annular Velocity 41.05 Antoine Equation 51.06 API Gravity - Kilograms per Liter/Pounds per Gallon 51.07 Barrel - Conversion to other Units. 151.08 Bernoulli’s Principle 151.09 Brine 161.10 Bubble Point and Bubble Point Pressure 161.11 Buoyancy, Buoyed Weight, and Buoyancy Factor 181.12 Capacity 191.12.1 Hole (Pipe, Tubing) Capacity (in barrels per one linear foot, bbl/ft) 201.12.2 Annular Capacity 201.12.3 Annular Volume1.13 Capillary Number 211.14 Capillary Pressure 211.15 Cementation Value 221.16 Composite Materials 231.17 Compressibility 231.18 Darcy’s Law 251.19 Dew Point Temperature and Pressure 261.20 Displacement 271.21 Effective Weight 281.22 Flow Through Permeable Media 291.22.1 Productivity Index 291.22.2 Steady-State Flow 291.22.3 Linear Flow 391.22.4 Spherical Flow 391.23 Flow Through Porous Media 391.24 Flow Velocity 401.25 Fluid Saturation 411.26 Formation Volume Factor - Gas 411.27 Formation Volume Factor - Oil 421.28 Friction 421.28.1 Coefficient of Friction 421.28.2 Types of Friction 431.28.3 Friction and Rotational Speed 431.29 Gas Deviation Factor 431.30 Gas Solubility 441.31 Gas-Oil Ratio 441.32 Geothermal Gradient 451.33 Hole Capacity 451.34 Horsepower 501.35 Hydrostatic Pressure 511.36 Isothermal Compressibility of Oil 511.37 Marx-Langenheim Model 521.38 Material Balance 531.39 Modulus of Elasticity 551.40 Oil and Gas Originally in Place 551.41 Oil Recovery Factor 561.42 Permeability 571.43 Poisson’s Ratio 571.44 Porosity 591.45 Pressure Differentials 611.46 Productivity Index 621.47 PVT Properties 621.47.1 Specific Gravity and Molecular Weight 621.47.2 Isothermal Compressibility 621.47.3 Undersaturated Oil Formation Volume Factor 631.47.4 Oil Density 631.47.5 Dead Oil Viscosity 631.47.6 Undersaturated Oil Viscosity 631.47.7 Gas/Oil Interfacial Tension 631.47.8 Water/Oil Interfacial Tension 631.48 Reserves Estimation 651.49 Reservoir Pressure 651.50 Resource Estimation 671.51 Reynold’s Number 671.52 Saturated Steam 671.53 Standard Oilfield Measurements 681.54 Twist 691.55 Ultimate Tensile Strength 701.56 Volume Flow Rate 701.57 Volumetric Factors 711.58 Yield Point 722 RIG Equipment 732.01 API Casing Grades 732.02 Block Efficiency Factor 742.03 Blocks and Drilling Line 742.04 Crown Block Capacity 752.05 Derrick Load 762.06 Energy Transfer 772.07 Engine Efficiency 782.08 Line Pull Efficiency Factor 792.09 Mud Pump 792.09.1 Volume of Fluid Displaced 802.09.2 Volumetric Efficiency 802.09.3 Pump Factor 812.10 Offshore Vessels 812.10.1 Terminology 822.10.2 Environmental Forces 832.10.3 Riser Angle 832.11 Rotary Power 852.12 Ton-Miles Calculations 852.12.1 Round-Trip Ton Miles Calculations 862.12.2 Drilling Ton-Miles Calculations 862.12.3 Coring Ton-Miles Calculations 862.12.4 Casing Ton-Miles Calculations 863 Well Path Design 893.01 Average Curvature-Average Dogleg Severity 893.02 Bending Angle 893.03 Borehole Curvature 903.03.1 General Formula 903.03.2 Borehole Radius of Curvature 903.04 Borehole Torsion 913.04.1 General Method 913.04.2 Cylindrical Helical Method 913.05 Horizontal Displacement 923.06 Magnetic Reference and Interference 933.07 Tool Face Angle 943.08 Tool Face Angle Change 963.09 Tortuosity 973.09.1 Absolute and Relative Tortuosity 973.09.2 Sine Wave Method 983.09.3 Helical Method 993.09.4 Random Inclination Azimuth Method 993.09.5 Random Inclination Dependent Azimuth Method 1003.10 Types of Wellpath Designs 1003.11 Vertical and Horizontal Curvatures 1003.12 Wellbore Trajectory Uncertainty 1013.13 Wellpath Length Calculations 1034 Fluids 1054.01 Acidity-Alkalinity 1054.02 Base Fluid – Water-Oil Ratios 1064.03 Common Weighting Materials 1074.04 Diluting Mud 1084.05 Drilling Fluid Composition 1094.06 Equivalent Mud Weight 1104.07 Fluid Loss 1104.08 Marsh Funnel 1124.09 Mud Rheology 1124.10 Mud Weighting 1144.11 Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point, and Zero-Sec Gel 1164.11.1 Bingham, Plastic Model 1164.11.2 Shear Stress and Shear Rate 1174.11.3 Power Law 1174.12 Reynolds Number and Critical Velocity 1184.13 Slip Velocity 1185 Hydraulics 1215.01 Basic Calculations 1215.01.1 Critical Velocity 1215.01.2 Pump Calculations 1215.02 Bingham Plastic Model 1225.03 Bit Hydraulics 1245.03.1 Common Calculations 1245.03.2 Optimization Calculations 1255.03.2.1 Limitation 1 – Available Pump Horsepower 1265.03.2.2 Limitation 2 – Surface Operating Pressure 1265.04 Critical Transport Fluid Velocity 1275.05 Equivalent Circulating Density 1275.06 Equivalent Mud Weight 1275.07 Gel Breaking Pressure 1285.08 Hole Cleaning – Cuttings Transport 1286 Tubular Mechanics 1316.01 API Casing and Liners – Weight, Dimensions, Capacity, and Displacement 1316.02 API Drill Pipe Capacity and Displacement 1346.03 Bending Stress Ratio 1356.04 Buckling Force 1356.05 Drag Force 1366.06 Drill Collar Length 1376.07 Fatigue Ratio 1386.08 Length Change Calculations 1386.09 Maximum Permissible Dogleg 1396.10 Pipe Wall Thickness and other Dimensions 1406.11 Slip Crushing 1406.12 Stress 1456.12.1 Radial Stress 1456.12.2 Tangential Stress 1456.12.3 Longitudinal Stress 1456.12.4 Stress Ratio 1466.13 Tension 1466.14 Torque 1467 Drilling Tools 1497.01 Backoff Calculations 1497.02 Downhole Turbine 1527.03 Jar Calculations 1537.03.1 Force Calculations for Up Jars 1537.03.2 Force Calculations for Down Jars 1537.04 Overpull/Slack-off Calculations 1557.05 Percussion Hammer 1577.06 Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) 1577.07 Rotor Nozzle Sizing 1577.08 Stretch Calculations 1598 Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradient 1618.01 Formation Pressure 1618.01.1 Hubert and Willis Correlation 1618.01.2 Matthews and Kelly Correlation 1628.01.3 Eaton’s Correlation 1638.01.4 Christman’s Correlation 1638.02 Leak-off Pressure 1639 Well Control 1659.01 Accumulators 1659.02 Driller’s Method 1669.03 Formulas Used in Kick and Kill Procedures 1679.04 Hydrostatic Pressure Due to the Gas Column 1689.05 Kill Methods 1689.06 Kill Mud Weight 1699.07 Leak-off Pressure 1709.08 Length and Density of the Kick 1719.08.1 Length of the Kick 1719.08.2 Density of the Kick 1719.08.3 Type of Kick 1729.08.4 Kick Classification 1729.08.5 Kick Tolerance 1739.09 Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure 1749.10 Riser Margin 17510 Drilling Problems 17710.01 Differential Sticking Force 17710.01.1 Method 1 17810.01.2 Method 2 17810.01.3 Method 3 17910.02 Hole Cleaning – Slip Velocity Calculations 17910.02.1 Chien Correlation 17910.02.2 Moore Correlation 18010.02.3 Walker-Mays Correlation 18010.03 Increased Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) Due to Cuttings 18110.04 Keyseating 18210.05 Lost Circulation 18310.06 Common Minerals and Metals Encountered During Drilling Operations 18510.07 Mud Weight Increase Due to Cuttings 18510.08 Pressure Loss in the Drill String 18610.09 Spotting Fluid Requirements 18711 Cementing 18911.01 API Classification of Cement 18911.02 Cement: Physical Properties of Additives 19111.03 Cement Plug 19211.04 Cement Slurry Requirements 19411.05 Contact Time 19511.06 Gas Migration Potential 19511.07 Hydrostatic Pressure Reduction 19611.08 Portland Cement – Typical Components 19711.09 Slurry Density 19811.10 Yield of Cement 19812 Well Cost 19912.01 Drilling Cost 19912.02 Expected Value 20012.03 Future Value 20012.04 Price Elasticity 20113 Appendices 203Glossary 243Bibliography and Information Sources 273About the Author 277Index 279