Ethnography

David M. Fetterman is the President and CEO of Fetterman & Associates, an international ethnographic and evaluation consultation firm. He works in a wide range of settings, ranging from townships in South Africa to Google in Silicon Valley. Clients and sponsors include: the U.S. Department of Education, W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Hewlett Foundation, Hewlett Packard Philanthropy, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, and Arkansas Department of Education. David has also provided consultation services for the: Ministry of Education in Japan, Ministry of Health in Brazil, Ministry of Health in Ethiopia, and Te Puni Kokiri (Ministry of Māori Development) in New Zealand.He concurrently serves as a member of the faculty at Pacifica Graduate Institute and the University of Charleston. Dr. Fetterman has over 25 years of experience at Stanford University. He was a Consulting Professor of Education in the School of Education and the Director of Evaluation in the School of Medicine at Stanford University. Formerly, he served as a Professor and Research Director at the California Institute of Integral Studies, Principal Research Scientist at the American Institutes for Research, and a Senior Associate and Project Director at RMC Research Corporation. He received his PhD from Stanford University in educational and medical anthropology.David is a past-president of the American Anthropological Association’s Council on Anthropology and Education and the American Evaluation Association. He is a Fellow of the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology. David received the Top Anthropologist of the Year 2019 Award; George and Louise Spindler Award, for outstanding contributions to educational anthropology; and the Ethnographic Evaluation Award. He also received the Paul Lazarsfeld Award for Outstanding Contributions to Evaluation Theory and the Myrdal Award for Cumulative Contributions to Evaluation Practice—the American Evaluation Association’s highest honors.Fetterman has contributed to a variety of encyclopedias and is the author of Ethnography: Step by Step; Excellence and Equality: A Qualitatively Different Perspective on Gifted and Talented Education; and Empowerment Evaluation in the Digital Villages: Hewlett-Packard’s $15 Million Race Toward Social Justice. Dr. Fetterman is the editor of: Ethnography in Educational Evaluation; Educational Evaluation: Ethnography in Theory, Practice, and Politics; Speaking the Language of Power: Communication, Collaboration, and Advocacy (translating ethnography into action); Qualitative Approaches to Evaluation in Education: The Silent Scientific Revolution; Empowerment Evaluation: Knowledge and Tools for Self-assessment, Evaluation Capacity Building, and Accountability; Empowerment Evaluation Principles in Practice; and Foundations of Empowerment. (Details of the projects are available at http://www.drdavidfetterman.com.).

This is an excellent resource to help students understand ethnography research. The author has painstakingly put together a body of work that is remarkable. It was definitely an enjoyable book for me to read, and I hope others feel the same.

• Appreciations to . . .PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorChapter 1: An Overview: The First StepOverviewThe ProblemBasic or Applied RoleTheoryResearch Design: FieldworkFormal AnalysisThe EthnographyBook OrganizationChapter 2: Anthropological Concepts: Walking in RhythmCultureHolistic PerspectiveContextualizationEmic Perspective and Multiple RealitiesEtic PerspectiveNonjudgmental OrientationInter- and Intracultural DiversityStructure and FunctionSymbol and RitualMicro- or Macrolevel StudyReflexivityOperationalismChapter 3: Methods and Techniques: A Wilderness GuideFieldworkSelection and SamplingEntryParticipant ObservationInterviewingLists and FormsQuestionnairesProjective TechniquesAdditional Eliciting DevicesUnobtrusive MeasuresChapter 4: Ethnographic Equipment: Gearing UpPen and PaperDigital Voice RecordersSmart PhonesWeb Mapping ServicesTabletsComputersDatabase SoftwareCamerasVideo CameraCinemaInternetChapter 5: Analysis: Finding Your Way Through the ForestThinkingTriangulationPatternsKey EventsMapsFlowchartsOrganizational ChartsMatricesContent AnalysisStatisticsCrystallizationChapter 6: Writing: Recording the MiracleResearch ProposalsField NotesField Note OrganizationMemorandaInterim ReportsFinal Reports, Blogs, Data Visualizations, Articles, and BooksThick Description and Verbatim QuotationsEthnographic PresentEthnographic PresenceEthnographically Informed ReportsLiteratureRevising and EditingChapter 7: Ethics: Walking Softly Through the WildernessHistorical ContextThe Ethnographer’s RoleAcademic and Applied EthnographyResearch Life CycleConclusionAppendix: Organization of Field NotesReferencesIndex