Professor El Mustapha Lahlali is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Media at the University of Leeds. He is the author of several books, including: Arabic Media Coverage of Pandemics: Discourse, Strategy and Impact, Routledge, 2023; Arabic Political Discourse in Transition, Edinburgh University Press, 2022; How to Write in Arabic: Developing Your Academic Style, (2nd edition), Edinburgh University Press, 2021; Arabic Media Dictionary, Routledge, 2019; Essential Skills in Arabic: from the Intermediate to the Advanced Level, Edinburgh University Press (co-authored), 2020; Advanced Media Arabic, Edinburgh University Press, 2nd edition, 2017; Advanced English-Arabic Translation: A Practical Guide, Edinburgh University Press, 2014 (co-authored); Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media, Edinburgh University Press, 2011; Ibn al-Tayyib: the Forgotten Journey of an 18 Century Arab Traveller, I.B. Tauris, 2010 (co-authored); How to Write in Arabic, Edinburgh University Press, 2009 (1st edition); Advanced Media Arabic, Edinburgh University Press, 2008 (1st edition); Critical Discourse Analysis and Classroom Discursive Practices, Lincom Europa, 2007. Wafa Abu Hatab is a Professor and the former Director of the Centre for Translation at Zarqa University, Jordan. She has a wealth of experience in teaching English-Arabic Translation. She is the editor of Translation Across Time and Space (2017), the translator of Authentic Stories by Prophet Mohammad (2008) and a co-author with El Mustapha Lahlali, of Ibn al-Tayyib: The forgotten Journey of an 18th-Century Arab Traveller (2010).

• Using this BookStructure of the BookModule 1: Introduction to Translation 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Etymology and Definition 1.3. History of Translation 1.4. Basic Translation Concepts 1.5. Foundation Methods of Translation 1.5.1. Word-for-word Translation 1.5.2. Literal Translation 1.5.3. Faithful Translation 1.5.4. Communicative Translation 1.5.5. Adaptation 1.5.6. Free Translation 1.6. Conclusion 1.7 Module Review Exercises Module 2: Machine Translation 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Concept and Emergence 2.3. Machine Translation Approaches 2.3.1. Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT) Approach 2.3.2. Empirical Machine Translation Approaches 2.4 Machine Translation Engines 2.5. Generic Machine Translation Platforms 2.5.1. Google Translate 2.5.2. Microsoft Translator 2.5.3. Bing 2.5.4. Yandex 2.6. Customised Translation Engines 2.7. Adaptive Machine Translation 2.8. Module Review Exercises Module 3: Arabic and English Grammar in Translation 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Word Order 3.3. Tense and Aspect 3.4. Cohesion 3.5. Conclusion 3.6. Module Review Exercises Module 4: Literary Translation 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Fiction4.2.1. Narrative Texts: Discourse Problems 4.2.2. Narrative Texts: Syntactic Problems 4.2.3. Cultural Problems, Domestication and Foreignisation 4.3. Drama 4.4. Poetry 4.4.1. Strategies for Translating Poetry 4.5. Conclusion 4.6. Module Review Exercises Module 5: Economic Texts 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Features of Economic Discourse 5.3. Translation Problems and Strategies 5.4. Neologism 5.5. Metaphor in Economic Discourse 5.5.1. Terminology: Marketing5.5.2. Terminology: Investment5.5.3. Terminology: Banking5.5.4. Terminology: Accounting and Audit5.6. Conclusion5.7. Module Review ExercisesModule 6: Scientific Texts6.1. Introduction6.2. Translation strategies6.2.1. Borrowing6.2.2. Coinage6.3. Translation Problems and Practical Steps6.3.1. Problems of Word Level Equivalence6.3.2. Problems above Word Level Equivalence6.3.3. Textual Equivalence: Cohesion and Coherence6.4. Translating Covid-196.5. Conclusion6.6. Module Review ExercisesModule 7: Media Texts 7.1. Introduction7.2. Features of Media Texts 7.3. Translating Conflicts and Wars7.4. Translating Uprisings and Revolutions7.5. Translating Elections and Political Participation7.6. Translating Natural Disasters7.7. Conclusion7.8. Module Review ExercisesModule 8: Administrative Texts 8.1. Introduction8.2. Translating Guidelines and Regulations8.3. Learning and Teaching Regulations8.4. Translating CVs and Applications8.5. Conclusion8.6. Module Review ExercisesModule 9: Legal Texts9.1. Introduction 9.2. Types of Legal Texts9.3. Translating Legal Texts9.4. Security Council: Terms and Conditions and Peace Agreements9.5. Translating Agreements and Contracts9.5.1. Rights and Copyrights: Terms and Conditions9.5.2. Memorandum of Agreement9.5.3. Multiparty Negotiations9.5.4. Tenancy Agreements9.6. Translating Family Law Agreements and Testament9.6.1. Marriage Contracts9.6.2. Divorce Settlement Agreement9.6.3. Child Custody Agreement9.6.4. Last Will and Testament9.7. Conclusion9.8. Module Review ExercisesBibliography