Introduction: Civil Society or Shadow State? State/NGO Relations in Education; Margaret Sutton and Robert Arnove.Part I. Literacy and Maternal Language Instruction: Village Empowerment.Chapter 1. A Study of Relationships among Government and Non-Government Organizations Supporting Mother Tongue Literacy in Papua New Guinea; Susan Malone.Chapter 2. The Challenges of Representation: NGOs, Education, and the State in Highland Peru; María Elena García.Chapter 3. The Village Schools of Save the Children/USA in Mali: A Case Study of State NGOs Relations in the Provision of Basic Education; Hamidou Boukhary.Chapter 4. Like Lace on the Bottom of a Curtain: Regional Language Policy, the European Union, the Estonian Government, and the Võro Institute in Estonia; Kara D. Brown.Chapter 5. Contingency, Complexity, Possibility: Palestinian NGOs and the Negotiation of Local Control in Educational Development; Rachel Christina.Chapter 6. China: NGOs and Education for Children with Autism; Helen McCabe.Chapter 7. Entering the Quagmire: Examining State-NGO Interaction in the Provision of Education for Street Girls in Kenya; Auma Okwany.Chapter 8. Building a Partnership for Teacher Empowerment in India: Trusting Teachers Strengthen(s) Process and Program; Sandra L. Stacki.