Traffic Safety

George Yannis is Professor in traffic safety and management and head of the department of Transportation Planning and Engineering of the School of Civil Engineering at National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) in Greece. He has contributed extensively in several research projects and scientific committees of the European Commission and other international organisations (UN/ECE, OECD, WHO, CEDR, ERF, ETSC), having published more than 350 scientific papers (110 in scientific journals) widely cited worldwide.Simon Cohen is senior researcher at IFSTTAR and Professor at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in France. He is director of the French Abertis chair in transport infrastructure management. Much of his career has been in the field of transportation research. His work focuses mainly on the area of advanced traffic management and intelligent transport systems (ITS) for road networks.Bernard Jacob, (Set Co-ordinator): Chair of the Programme Committee of TRA2014, is deputy scientific director for transport, infrastructures and safety with IFSTTAR. His research works are in bridge and road safety, traffic loads on bridges, heavy vehicles and weigh-in-motion. He is Professor at Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat in France, and the President of the International Society for WIM (ISWIM).

• Acknowledgments xviiPreface  xixIntroduction xxiiiGeorge YANNIS and Simon COHENPart 1. Road Safety Policy  1Chapter 1. Analysis of Road Safety Management Systems in Europe  3Nicole MUHLRAD, Gilles VALLET, Ilona BUTLER, Victoria GITELMAN, Etti DOVEH, Emmanuelle DUPONT, Heike MARTENSEN, Pete THOMAS, Rachel TALBOT, Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU, George YANNIS, Luca PERSIA, Gabriele GIUSTINIANI, Klaus MACHATA and Charlotte BAX1.1. Introduction  31.2. Methodology  41.3. Qualitative analyses of road safety management systems in Europe  71.4. Quantitative analyses 111.5. Conclusion 151.6. Key messages and recommendations 151.7. Acknowledgments 161.8. Bibliography  17Chapter 2. Conceptualizing Road Safety Management through a Territorialized Complex System: Context and Goals 19Thierry SAINT-GÉRAND, Mohand MEDJKANE, Abdelkrim BENSAID, Dominique FLEURY, Jean-François PEYTAVIN, Eliane PROPECK-ZIMMERMANN and Maroua BOUZID2.1. Introduction  192.2. Methodological challenge: integration of different road safety concepts into territorial complex system modeling 202.3. A practical example: ZIVAG 272.4. Conclusion and followings  302.5. Bibliography  32Chapter 3. Development of the European Road Safety Knowledge System  35George YANNIS, Pete THOMAS, Nicole MUHLRAD, Heike MARTENSEN, Emmanuelle DUPONT, Letty AARTS, Petros EVGENIKOS and Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU3.1. Introduction 353.2. Data/knowledge collecting and processing 373.3. Key road safety analyses and summaries 423.4. Conclusion and next steps 483.5. Acknowledgments 493.6. Bibliography 49Part 2. Accident Analysis and Modeling 51Chapter 4. Structural Time Series Modeling of the Number of Fatalities in Poland in Relation to Economic Factors 53Ruth BERGEL-HAYAT and Joanna ZUKOWSKA4.1. Introduction  534.2. Current state of knowledge  564.3. Methodology  574.4. The data 584.5. Results 654.6. Discussion 664.7. Conclusion and outlook  664.8. Bibliography 67Chapter 5. Risk of Road Traffic Injuries for Pedestrians, Cyclists, Car Occupants and Powered Two-Wheel Users, based on a Road Trauma Registry and Travel Surveys, Rhône, France 69Stéphanie BLAIZOT, Francis PAPON, Mohamed MOULOUD HADDAK and Emmanuelle AMOROS5.1. Introduction  695.2. Material and methods 705.3. Results and interpretation 735.4. Discussion and conclusions 815.5. Acknowledgments 835.6. Bibliography  83Chapter 6. Development of Safety Performance Functions for Two-Lane Rural First-Class Main Roads in Hungary 87Attila BORSOS, John N. IVAN and Gyula OROSZ6.1. Introduction 876.2. Literature review 886.3. General overview of first-class main roads 896.4. Data collection and segmentation 916.5. Modeling 926.6. Discussion and conclusions  986.7. Acknowledgments 996.8. Bibliography 99Part 3. Vulnerable Road Users’ Safety  101Chapter 7. Mobility and Safety of Powered Two-Wheelers in OECD Countries 103Pierre VAN ELSLANDE, Veronique FEYPELL-DE LA BEAUMELLE, James HOLGATE, Kris REDANT, Hélène DE SOLÈRE, Dimitris MARGARITIS, George YANNIS, Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU, Saskia DE CRAEN, Lars INGE HASLIE, Juan MUGUIRO and Per-Olov GRUMMAS GRANSTRÖM7.1. Introduction  1037.2. Mobility and safety figures of PTWs 1057.3. Contributory factors of PTW crashes 1087.4. Toward an integrated road safety strategy for PTW 1097.5. Measures for PTW safety improvement 1117.6. Key messages and recommendations 1137.7. Bibliography 115Chapter 8. Comparison of Car Drivers’ and Motorcyclists’ Drink Driving in 19 Countries: Results from the SARTRE 4 Survey 119Julien CESTAC, Cécile BARBIER, Gian-Marco SARDI, Richard FREEMAN, Sami KRAÏEM and Jean-Pascal ASSAILLY8.1. Introduction  1198.2. Method 1208.3. Results 1228.4. Discussion 1268.5. Acknowledgments 1278.6. Bibliography  128Chapter 9. Trajectories of Multiple People in Crowds Using Laser Range Scanner 131Ladji ADIAVIAKOYE, Patrick PLAINCHAULT, Marc BOURCERIE and Jean-Michel AUBERLET9.1. Introduction  1319.2. Approach  1329.3. Detection 1379.4. Multiple tracking 1399.5. Experimental results 1409.6. Conclusions 1429.7. Bibliography 142Chapter 10. Safety of Urban Cycling: A Study on Perceived and Actual Dangers 145Anita GRASER, Michael ALEKSA, Markus STRAUB, Peter SALEH, Stephan WITTMANN and Gernot LENZ10.1. State of urban cycling 14510.2. Perceived safety of urban cycling 14810.3. The Austrian accident database 15110.4. Comparison of perceived safety and recorded accidents 15310.5. Conclusion and outlook 15710.6. Acknowledgments 15810.7. Bibliography 158Part 4. Road Infrastructure Safety 161Chapter 11. Speed Distribution and Traffic Safety Measures  163Anna VADEBY and Åsa FORSMAN11.1. Introduction and aim of the study 16311.2. Method 16511.3. Results 16711.4. Discussion 17311.5. Acknowledgments 17511.6. Bibliography 175Chapter 12. Ex-ante Assessment of a Speed Limit Reducing Operation – A Data-driven Approach 177Maurice ARON, Régine SEIDOWSKY and Simon COHEN12.1. Introduction  17712.2. Method for predicting the injury or fatality accident count 17812.3. The part of the ALLEGRO motorway network concerned with speed limit reduction 18312.4. Ex-ante assessment results of the speed decrease in the ALLEGRO motorway network 18412.5. The threefold validation of the approach  19012.6. Conclusions 19212.7. Appendix: relationships between injury accidents and traffic conditions estimated from the Marius network 19312.8. Bibliography 197Chapter 13. Development of a Guideline for the Selection of Vehicle Restraint Systems – Identification of the Key Selection Parameters 199Francesca La TORRE, Ceki ERGINBAS, Robert THOMSON, Giuseppina AMATO, Bine PENGAL, Peter SALEH, Chris BRITTON and Kris REDANT13.1. Introduction  19913.2. Objectives of the first work package of the SAVeRS project 20113.3. Collation and examination of national guidelines and standards 20113.4. Collation and examination of published literature 20413.5. Conclusions  21113.6. Acknowledgments  21213.7. Follow-up 21213.8. Bibliography 213Chapter 14. For the Vision of “Zero Accidents at Intersections”: A Challenge between Road Safety and Capacity 217Jean Emmanuel BAKABA and Jörg ORTLEPP14.1. Introduction 21714.2. Traffic turning left at signal-controlled intersections 21814.3. Recommendations 23014.4. Conclusion 23114.5. Bibliography 232Chapter 15. Safety Inspection and Management of the Road Network in Operation 233Salvatore CAFISO, Alessandro DI GRAZIANO, Grazia LA CAVA and Giuseppina PAPPALARDO15.1. Introduction 23315.2. Road safety inspection tools in Europe 23515.3. Design of new software tools for road inspection 23915.4. Case study 24615.5. Conclusion 24815.6. Bibliography 248Part 5. ITS and Safety 251Chapter 16. Improving Safety and Mobility of Vulnerable Road Users Through ITS Applications 253Johan SCHOLLIERS, Daniel BELL, Andrew MORRIS, Alejandra Beatriz GARCÍA MELÉNDEZ and Oscar Martin PEREZ16.1. Introduction 25316.2. Methodology 25416.3. Accident data analysis and identification of critical scenarios 25616.4. User needs analysis 25816.5. ITS applications for the critical scenarios and user needs 26016.6. Results 26016.7. Conclusions  26516.8. Acknowledgments 26816.9. Bibliography 268Chapter 17. Experimentation with the PRESERVE VSS and the Score@F System 271Rim MOALLA, Brigitte LONC, Gerard SEGARRA, Marcello LAGUNA, Panagiotis PAPADIMITRATOS, Jonathan PETIT and Houda LABIOD17.1. Introduction 27117.2. Test methodology 27317.3. Performance indicators 27417.4. Test environment 27417.5. Test case description 27817.6. Test results  28117.7. Conclusion  28117.8. Acknowledgments 28217.9. Bibliography 282Chapter 18. Safety Bus Routing for the Transportation of Pupils to School 283Eleni CHALKIA, Josep Maria SALANOVA GRAU, Evangelos BEKIARIS, Georgia AYFANDOPOULOU, Chiara FERARINI and Evangelos MITSAKIS18.1. Introduction 28318.2. The school bus routing problem 28418.3. Methodology for solving the SBRP in SAFEWAY2SCHOOL 28518.4. Application to Thessaloniki 29418.5. Conclusions  29718.6. Acknowledgments  29818.7. Bibliography 298Chapter 19. Spreading Awareness of Traffic Safety through Web Application 301Miha AMBROŽ, Jernej KORINŠEK and Ivan PREBIL19.1. Introduction 30119.2. Current state of traffic accident data in Slovenia 30219.3. Identification of conflict points 30719.4. Application structure 30819.5. Use of the web application 31219.6. Conclusion 31519.7. Acknowledgments 31619.8. Bibliography 316Part 6. Railway Safety 317Chapter 20. Overview of Freight Train Derailments in the EU: Causes, Impacts, Prevention and Mitigation Measures 319Cristian ULIANOV, François DEFOSSEZ, Gordana VASI;; FRANKLIN and Mark ROBINSON20.1. Introduction 31920.2. Research methodology 32020.3. Results and discussion 32220.4. Conclusions and recommendations 33420.5. Acknowledgment 33520.6. Bibliography 335Chapter 21. A Risk Assessment Tool for Public Transportation 337Andrea SOEHNCHEN and Mihai BARCANESCU21.1. Security – a growing concern for Public Transport operators 33721.2. The risk assessment procedure 33821.3. Conclusions  34521.4. Acknowledgments  34621.5. Bibliography 346Chapter 22. The GETAWAY Project – Improving Passenger Evacuation Techniques in Railway Stations (and Other Transport Hubs) 347Paul BRYANT and Christos GIACHRITSIS22.1. Introduction  34722.2. External factors  34922.3. Objectives of the GETAWAY project 35022.4. The GETAWAY system concept 35122.5. The GETAWAY-IADSS development 35422.6. The Active Dynamic Signage System (ADSS) 35522.7. Fire Detection System (FDS) development 35622.8. CCTV Analysis Engine (CAE) 35722.9. Decision Engine (DE) and Evacuation Simulation Engine (ESE) 35722.10. The level of IADSS application 35822.11. Evaluation of the GETAWAY system 35922.12. Conclusion 36322.13. Acknowledgments 36422.14. Bibliography 364Chapter 23. Interpretive Structural Modeling of Security Systems for Better Security Management in Railways 367Anoop SRIVASTAVA, Sanjeev SWAMI and Devender BANWET23.1. Introduction 36723.2. Complexity of railway systems 36823.3. Nominal Group Technique (NGT) 36923.4. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) 37023.5. Policy implications 37623.6. Conclusions and avenues for future research 37623.7. Acknowledgments  37723.8. Bibliography 377List of Authors 379Index 387