Diana Duan teaches history at Brigham Young University-Provo. She is interested in China and Southeast Asia, with focuses on borderlands, ethnic economy and culture, migration, environmental history, and the CCP history. Willem van Schendel, Professor of History, University of Amsterdam and International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands. He works with the history, anthropology and sociology of Asia. Recent works include A History of Bangladesh (2020), Embedding Agricultural Commodities (2017, ed.), The Camera as Witness (2015, with J. L. K. Pachuau). See uva.academia.edu/WillemVanSchendel.

• Introduction: Contingent Loyalties, Chapter 1: The Han Homelands in the Multiethnic Qing Borderlands, Chapter 2: Investigating and Writing about the Margary Affair, Chapter 3: From Bandits to Heroes, Chapter 4: The Imperial Agents in the Contested Realms, Chapter 5: Documenting the Hui Rebellion and Genocide, Chapter 6: Trading while Fighting, Chapter 7: The Imperial Frontier and the Native Lands of Inheritance, Chapter 8: Modernisation or Separatism? Competing Narratives of the Revolution, Conclusion, Index

Diana Duan teaches history at Brigham Young University-Provo. She is interested in China and Southeast Asia, with focuses on borderlands, ethnic economy and culture, migration, environmental history, and the CCP history. Willem van Schendel, Professor of History, University of Amsterdam and International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands. He works with the history, anthropology and sociology of Asia. Recent works include A History of Bangladesh (2020), Embedding Agricultural Commodities (2017, ed.), The Camera as Witness (2015, with J. L. K. Pachuau). See uva.academia.edu/WillemVanSchendel.

• Introduction: Contingent Loyalties, Chapter 1: The Han Homelands in the Multiethnic Qing Borderlands, Chapter 2: Investigating and Writing about the Margary Affair, Chapter 3: From Bandits to Heroes, Chapter 4: The Imperial Agents in the Contested Realms, Chapter 5: Documenting the Hui Rebellion and Genocide, Chapter 6: Trading while Fighting, Chapter 7: The Imperial Frontier and the Native Lands of Inheritance, Chapter 8: Modernisation or Separatism? Competing Narratives of the Revolution, Conclusion, Index

Diana Duan teaches history at Brigham Young University-Provo. She is interested in China and Southeast Asia, with focuses on borderlands, ethnic economy and culture, migration, environmental history, and the CCP history. Willem van Schendel, Professor of History, University of Amsterdam and International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands. He works with the history, anthropology and sociology of Asia. Recent works include A History of Bangladesh (2020), Embedding Agricultural Commodities (2017, ed.), The Camera as Witness (2015, with J. L. K. Pachuau). See uva.academia.edu/WillemVanSchendel.

• Introduction: Contingent Loyalties, Chapter 1: The Han Homelands in the Multiethnic Qing Borderlands, Chapter 2: Investigating and Writing about the Margary Affair, Chapter 3: From Bandits to Heroes, Chapter 4: The Imperial Agents in the Contested Realms, Chapter 5: Documenting the Hui Rebellion and Genocide, Chapter 6: Trading while Fighting, Chapter 7: The Imperial Frontier and the Native Lands of Inheritance, Chapter 8: Modernisation or Separatism? Competing Narratives of the Revolution, Conclusion, Index