Terje Østigård – författare

Strax utanför Uppsala finns Hågahögen, en av landets mest imponerande bronsåldersgravar. Här har man hittat spektakulära fynd efter en furstlig person som ca år 1 000 f.Kr. begravts tillsammans med enastående rika gravgåvor. Bland annat med en tredjedel av alla guldföremål vi överhuvudtaget känner till från bronsåldern.Mannen i Hågahögen måste ha haft en unik position i sin samtid, en tid då Mälardalen och Uppsalatrakten etableras som centrala områden och så förblivit in i våra dagar. Inga fysiska spår fanns dock kvar av kung Björn i Hågahögen, helt enligt vad traditionen berättar. Han hade sin gård här och det finns en stark koppling mellan den döde bronsåldersfursten och vikingatidens Sveakungar. Kungamakten vilade på föreställningen om en mytisk härstamning, tillbaka till tidigare härskare med förment gudomlig härkomst. I boken får läsaren följa arkeologernas sökande efter bitar i ett spännande pussel, och den bild som växer fram om Sveaväldets allra äldsta tid. Ett skede som i förlängningen leder fram till det svenska rike som vi ännu lever och verkar i. Boken är rikt illustrerad.Anders Kaliff är professor i arkeologi vid Uppsala universitet och har mer än 35 års erfarenhet bakom sig som fältarkeolog och forskare. På Carlsson Bokförlag har han utgivit Zsófia Torma och civilisationens vagga (2020), Källan på botten av tidens brunn (2018) och Tempel och kulthus i det forna Skandinavien (2017), tillsammans med Julia Mattes.Terje Østigård är docent i arkeologi vid Uppsala universitet. Han har många års fälterfarenhet från både Sydasien och Afrika. Har publicerat ett stort antal böcker om bl.a. förhållandet mellan kosmologi, ritual och naturmiljöer. Champagne

Boken är resultatet av ett forskningsprogram i vilket deltagarna har arbetat för att fördjupa förståelsen av de indoeuropeiska språkens och kulturernas ursprung och utveckling. Genom att förena språkvetenskap, arkeologi och religionshistoria har projektet undersökt hur språkliga och kulturella mönster kan rekonstrueras och analyseras för att belysa förhistoriska samhällen. Projektet tar avstamp i de indoeuropeiska språkens särställning som en av världens mest spridda språkfamiljer. Dessa språk delar ett gemensamt ursprung, som forskningen länge arbetat med att rekonstruera genom att jämföra språkens ljud, grammatik och ordförråd. Ändå återstår många grundläggande frågor: Hur spreds språken? Vilka samhällen bar upp dem? Och hur förhöll sig språk, riter och ekologiska omständigheter till varandra? Författarna har närmat sig dessa frågor genom en ansats där ekologi, teknologi och symboler getts en central plats – något som visat sig fruktbart för att förstå språkens och kulturernas djupt sammanlänkade utveckling.

The Nile River Basin supports the livelihoods of millions of people in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and Uganda, principally as water for agriculture and hydropower. The resource is the focus of much contested development, not only between upstream and downstream neighbours, but also from countries outside the region. This book investigates the water, land and energy nexus in the Nile Basin. It explains how the current surge in land and energy investments, both by foreign actors as well as domestic investors, affects already strained transboundary relations in the region and how investments are intertwined within wider contexts of Nile Basin history, politics and economy. Overall, the book presents a range of perspectives, drawing on political science, international relations theory, sociology, history and political ecology.

Indo-European Fire Rituals is a comparative study of Indo-European fire rituals from modern folklore and ethnography in Scandinavia and archaeological material in Europe from the Bronze Age onwards to the Vedic origins of cosmos in India and today’s cremations on open pyres in Hinduism.Exploring Indo-European fire rituals and sacrifices throughout history and fire in its fundamental role in rites and religious practices, this book analyses fire rituals as the unifying structure in time and space in Indo-European cultures from the Bronze Age onwards. It asks the question how and why was fire the ultimate power in culture and cosmology? Fire as an agent and divinity was fundamental in all major sacrifices. In Europe, ritual fires in relation to agriculture and fertility may also explain the enigma of cremation. Cremated remains were ground and used in fertility rituals, and ancestral fires played an essential role in metallurgy and the creation of cosmos. Thus, the role of fire rituals in culture and cosmology enables a unique understanding of historic developmental processes.For students and academics studying Indo-European culture history from the Bronze Age onwards, this book has a broad interdisciplinary audience including archaeology, ethnography, folklore, religious and Indo-European studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Indo-European Fire Rituals is a comparative study of Indo-European fire rituals from modern folklore and ethnography in Scandinavia and archaeological material in Europe from the Bronze Age onwards to the Vedic origins of cosmos in India and today’s cremations on open pyres in Hinduism.Exploring Indo-European fire rituals and sacrifices throughout history and fire in its fundamental role in rites and religious practices, this book analyses fire rituals as the unifying structure in time and space in Indo-European cultures from the Bronze Age onwards. It asks the question how and why was fire the ultimate power in culture and cosmology? Fire as an agent and divinity was fundamental in all major sacrifices. In Europe, ritual fires in relation to agriculture and fertility may also explain the enigma of cremation. Cremated remains were ground and used in fertility rituals, and ancestral fires played an essential role in metallurgy and the creation of cosmos. Thus, the role of fire rituals in culture and cosmology enables a unique understanding of historic developmental processes.For students and academics studying Indo-European culture history from the Bronze Age onwards, this book has a broad interdisciplinary audience including archaeology, ethnography, folklore, religious and Indo-European studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The Nile River Basin supports the livelihoods of millions of people in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and Uganda, principally as water for agriculture and hydropower. The resource is the focus of much contested development, not only between upstream and downstream neighbours, but also from countries outside the region. This book investigates the water, land and energy nexus in the Nile Basin.It explains how the current surge in land and energy investments, both by foreign actors as well as domestic investors, affects already strained transboundary relations in the region and how investments are intertwined within wider contexts of Nile Basin history, politics and economy. Overall, the book presents a range of perspectives, drawing on political science, international relations theory, sociology, history and political ecology.

The Christian religion is deeply imbued with the imagery of water, and water plays a central role in its religious practices, not least in baptism. Yet the wider role of water in Christianity has been little explored. In this pioneering book, Terje Oestigaard uses the dramatic changes that took place in perceptions of water during the Reformation to reveal the importance that water played in structuring society and religion in the post-Reformation period. Prior to the Reformation, most common people believed misfortune and catastrophe were caused by the devil, and sought protection in the use of holy water blessed by the local priest. Holy water and holy wells gave laypeople a powerful weapon which could be used to keep the devil away, cure illness and protect fields, property and family. But with the Reformation, the nature of holy water was challenged and belief in the efficacy of holy water and holy wells was attacked as Popish magic and superstition: the status of holy water became one of the main battlegrounds between Protestants and Catholics. The author explores these conflicting views on the spiritual qualities of water and their consequences for society at large.He traces the changing views of nature that arose with Enlightenment developments in the scientific understanding of water and the hydrological cycle, and shows how the emergence of a natural theology helped encourage a belief in the Protestant work ethic whereby wealth and economic success equated with religious excellence. The author concludes by examining - and challenging - Weber's claim that the protestant work ethic and capitalist spirit of enterprise that was so important to the later success of the Industrial Revolution came about when magic and superstition were eliminated from religion by the Reformation. The result is a highly original work that provides one of the most detailed explorations of the importance of the role of water in structuring society and religion in post-Reformation England. Offering fresh insights into the development of society and religion, it will be welcomed by all those with an interest in water, religion, sociology, and the Reformation period.

With empirical and ethnographic case studies from around the world the three volumes together represent one of the most complete and up to date accounts of the central role of water in the history and development of humanity.

Major changes in policy and management , across the entire agricultural production chain, will be needed to ensure the best use of available water resources in meeting growing demands for food and other agricultural products. This new volume in the successful History of Water Series focuses on the African continent to address this key issue. Humanity has its roots in Africa and many of our food systems developed there. All types of agricultural production are present and the sheer size of the continent offers wide ecological variation from extreme desert to dense rainforest. Drawing together leading international contributors from a wide variety of disciplines Water and Food offers new insights into the evolution of food systems, from early hunter gatherers to the global challenges of the modern world.

The Nile is arguably the most famous river in the world. For millennia, the search for its source defeated emperors and explorers. Yet the search for its source also contained a religious quest - a search for the origin of its divine and life-giving waters. Terje Oestigaard reveals how the beliefs associated with the river have played a key role in the cultural development and make-up of the societies and civilizations associated with it. Drawing upon his personal experience and fieldwork in Africa, including details of rites and ceremonies now fast disappearing, the author brings out in rich detail the religious and spiritual meanings attached to the life-giving waters by those whose lives are so bound to the river. Part religious quest, part exploration narrative, the author shows how this mighty river is a powerful source for a greater understanding of human nature, society and religion.

Famous yet forgotten, the monumental site of Haga just outside Uppsala is mainly associated with the Viking King Bjorn, though it is in fact the richest Bronze-Age grave in Sweden. The deceased was cremated and buried in an oak-log coffin, together with almost a third of all of Sweden's Bronze Age gold and gold fragments. This book presents 1200 years of interpretation and documentation of Haga, a site that will continue to fascinate and inspire archaeologists and the public at large for many years to come.

Døden og gravmaterial har definert arkeologifaget som disiplin siden tidenes morgen, men selv i den antikvariske samtiden ble etnologi og folklore i liten grad brukt som kilde til kunnskap om forhistorien og oldnordiske gravskikker. De fleste gravstudier har derfor ikke analysert dødens essens: sjelens substans. Gjennom en religionsvitenskapelig forståelse av etnologi og folklore presenteres en ny arkeologisk analyse av Nordens forhistoriske gravmaterial og døden som fenomen. En studie av sjelens substans må bokstavelig talt trenge inn i hjernen, beinmargen, blodet og skjelettet, som er menneskets åndelige essens, og inn i kvinnens livmor hvor sjelen skapes og fødes. Sjelene til forfedrene kroppsligjorde seg som alver, vetter og andre åndelige vesener. Den sjelelige essens i fysisk substans var også kosmologisk kraft, som kunne brukes og misbrukes, og derfor er dette også en berettelse om sykdom og trolldom. Medisinsk kannibalisme og bruk av de døde og døden var et effektivt beskyttelsesmiddel og den sterkeste medisin i tradisjonell legekunst. I den forhistoriske medisinhistorien var sykdom direkte og personlige angrep av ulike forfedre, som levde misfornøyde i en hinsidig tilværelse i ny kroppslig form. Sjelene kunne ta utallige former som ulike vetter, noen gode og andre onde, men en ting var sikkert: De ville komme tilbake til de levende, og de var farlige for de gjenlevende. Slekten definerte de døde og de døde definerte slekten. Dødsbryllup forente derfor ikke bare de levende og døde, men også fremtidige familier og slekter av forfedre, og sentralt i denne kosmologien var de store årtidsfestivaler, som kulminerte med den tradisjonelle julefeiringen.