Colwell - Böcker

With thorough coverage of the most important research schemata, this book represents the most comprehensive material on research in music education that has been published. The top researchers in the fields present an up-to-date and exhaustive guide to music education research that belongs on the shelves of every student and instructor in music education. Sponsored by the National Association of Music Education (MENC), this book provides the most thorough coverage to date of such topics as: * The role of research in music education * Philosophical method * Qualitative research * Quantitative research * Historical methods * Assessment and its relationship to research This collection will prove essential for students and scholars of music education.

The MENC Handbook of Research on Music Learning, Volume 1: Strategies brings together the best and most current research on methods for music learning, focusing squarely on the profession's empirical and conceptual knowledge of how students gain competence in music at various ages and in different contexts. The collection of chapters, written by the foremost figures active in the field, takes a broad theoretical perspective on current, critical areas of research, including music development, music listening and reading, motivation and self-regulated learning in music, music perception, and movement. The book's companion volume, Applications, builds an extensive and solid position of practice upon the frameworks and research presented here.Throughout both volumes in this essential set, focus is placed on the musical knowledge and musical skills needed to perform, create, understand, reflect on, enjoy, value, and respond to music. A key point of emphasis rests on the relationship between music learning and finding meaning in music, and as music technology plays an increasingly important role in learning today, chapters move beyond exclusively formal classroom instruction into other forms of systematic learning and informal instruction. Either individually or paired with its companion Volume 2: Applications, this indispensable overview of this growing area of inquiry will appeal to students and scholars in Music Education, as well as front-line music educators in the classroom.

Twenty years ago the discovery that Vibrio cholerae does not "die off" in the environment was made. We hypothesized that this gram-negative, rod-shaped bac- terium possessed the capacity to survive for very long periods of time, i. e. , months or years, under conditions adverse to active growth and reproduction. The term "somnicell" was proposed in 1987 to describe this state of being. Subsequently a series of experiments showed that this phenomenon was not unique to Vibrio chol- erae. Many other gram-negative bacteria were found to undergo the "viable but not culturable" state in response to adverse environmental conditions. Such bac- terial species included Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis, Campylobacter je- juni, Legionella pneumophila, and Shigella sonnei, among others. Clearly, the ability to tolerate the vicissitudes of the environment, notably changes that accom- pany climate and season, is part of a strategy for survival that is pervasive among bacterial species that are both aquatic in natural habitat and opportunistic human pathogens.It raises a question as to whether the pathogenicity manifested by these bacteria is opportunism, or simply metabolic functions of bacteria that are naturally occurring in the environment and contributing to the stability and sustainability of the environment, with the inadvertent host, the human, suffering because of mis- placed consequences of those metabolic functions. It is an interesting question to ponder. Throughout the pages that follow, invited authors describe, from each of their perspectives, the significance and consequences of the viable but nonculturable state.