F. Oort - Böcker

Arithmetic algebraic geometry is in a fascinating stage of growth, providing a rich variety of applications of new tools to both old and new problems. Representative of these recent developments is the notion of Arakelov geometry, a way of "completing" a variety over the ring of integers of a number field by adding fibres over the Archimedean places. Another is the appearance of the relations between arithmetic geometry and Nevanlinna theory, or more precisely between diophantine approximation theory and the value distribution theory of holomorphic maps.Inspired by these exciting developments, the editors organized a meeting at Texel in 1989 and invited a number of mathematicians to write papers for this volume. Some of these papers were presented at the meeting; others arose from the discussions that took place. They were all chosen for their quality and relevance to the application of algebraic geometry to arithmetic problems.Topics include: arithmetic surfaces, Chjerm functors, modular curves and modular varieties, elliptic curves, Kolyvagin’s work, K-theory and Galois representations. Besides the research papers, there is a letter of Parshin and a paper of Zagier with is interpretations of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture.Research mathematicians and graduate students in algebraic geometry and number theory will find a valuable and lively view of the field in this state-of-the-art selection.

Arithmetic algebraic geometry is in a fascinating stage of growth, providing a rich variety of applications of new tools to both old and new problems. Representative of these recent developments is the notion of Arakelov geometry, a way of "completing" a variety over the ring of integers of a number field by adding fibres over the Archimedean places. Another is the appearance of the relations between arithmetic geometry and Nevanlinna theory, or more precisely between diophantine approximation theory and the value distribution theory of holomorphic maps.Inspired by these exciting developments, the editors organized a meeting at Texel in 1989 and invited a number of mathematicians to write papers for this volume. Some of these papers were presented at the meeting; others arose from the discussions that took place. They were all chosen for their quality and relevance to the application of algebraic geometry to arithmetic problems.Topics include: arithmetic surfaces, Chjerm functors, modular curves and modular varieties, elliptic curves, Kolyvagin’s work, K-theory and Galois representations. Besides the research papers, there is a letter of Parshin and a paper of Zagier with is interpretations of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture.Research mathematicians and graduate students in algebraic geometry and number theory will find a valuable and lively view of the field in this state-of-the-art selection.

We restrict ourselves to two aspects of the field of group schemes, in which the results are fairly complete: commutative algebraic group schemes over an algebraically closed field (of characteristic different from zero), and a duality theory concern­ ing abelian schemes over a locally noetherian prescheme. The prelim­ inaries for these considerations are brought together in chapter I. SERRE described properties of the category of commutative quasi-algebraic groups by introducing pro-algebraic groups. In char8teristic zero the situation is clear. In characteristic different from zero information on finite group schemee is needed in order to handle group schemes; this information can be found in work of GABRIEL. In the second chapter these ideas of SERRE and GABRIEL are put together. Also extension groups of elementary group schemes are determined. A suggestion in a paper by MANIN gave crystallization to a fee11ng of symmetry concerning subgroups of abelian varieties. In the third chapter we prove that the dual of an abelian scheme and the linear dual of a finite subgroup scheme are related in a very natural way. Afterwards we became aware that a special case of this theorem was already known by CARTIER and BARSOTTI. Applications of this duality theorem are: the classical duality theorem ("duality hy­ pothesis", proved by CARTIER and by NISHI); calculation of Ext(~a,A), where A is an abelian variety (result conjectured by SERRE); a proof of the symmetry condition (due to MANIN) concerning the isogeny type of a formal group attached to an abelian variety.