Gary Stuggins – Författare
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2 produkter
2 produkter
248 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Upon reviewing the evolution of the energy intensity of countries in Europe and the Former Soviet Union, a number of interesting trends became apparent: high energy intensity countries have reached the level of medium energy intensity economies 15 years earlier; medium energy intensity had similarly evolved to levels of low energy intensity economies in the same period. Furthermore, the fast transitioning economies of Central Europe were converging towards similar levels of energy intensities, particularly those adopting EU Directives. And successful EU-15 countries had managed to maintain economic growth while keeping energy use flat.This title looks at how countries make the transition from high to medium to low energy intensity. It explores whether or not leapfrogging is possible and what policies are particularly helpful. A few lessons that were learned: energy prices tend to evolve from subsidised levels to full cost recovery to full cost recovery plus environmental externalities. Industrial energy efficiency tended to be the starting point, with privatisation and competition driving companies to reduce their cost of production, including energy. Successful countries excelled at Governance: setting targets; building institutional capacity; creating and improving the legal and regulatory framework; and monitoring and evaluation. Households tended to be the last, and most difficult, area of reform, starting with pricing improvements, outreach campaigns, financing programmes and moving to building certificates programmes.
248 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The purpose of Tajikistans Winter Energy Crisis is to assist the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) in exploring ways to overcome electricity shortages due to rising demand for electricity. It focuses on investments and policy reforms in order to strengthen the financial, technical, and institutional capacities in the power sector and to prepare the Government for undertaking a major expansion of power supply capacity until the year 2020. The Study explores a range of supply and demand alternatives (e.g., thermal, run-of-river hydro, other renewables, energy efficiency and demand management) excluding the option of large hydropower plants especially those requiring storage capacities, given the complexity and delays in their establishment. The option of a large hydropower project in Tajikistan, such as Rogun, is being explored by the various studies conducted by the Government and has involved a long process of information sharing on the findings of the studies for consensus building among stakeholders including Tajikistan, riparian Governments and their various Civil Society Organizations. Such a process requires the assurance of international quality standards, and incorporation of the concerns of all stakeholders.Without prompt actions, as recommended by the Study to address the causes of Tajikistan's electricity crisis in the next 4-5 years, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by 2016 - translating to over a third of winter electricity demand. Following the recommendations of the current Study, the GoT will be on the road to establishing a long term energy security in Tajikistan.