Hubertus Fischer – författare

This volume focuses on the outstanding contributions made by botany and the mathematical sciences to the genesis and development of early modern garden art and garden culture. The many facets of the mathematical sciences and botany point to the increasingly “scientific” approach that was being adopted in and applied to garden art and garden culture in the early modern period. This development was deeply embedded in the philosophical, religious, political, cultural and social contexts, running parallel to the beginning of processes of scientization so characteristic for modern European history. This volume strikingly shows how these various developments are intertwined in gardens for various purposes.

This volume focuses on the outstanding contributions made by botany and the mathematical sciences to the genesis and development of early modern garden art and garden culture. The many facets of the mathematical sciences and botany point to the increasingly “scientific” approach that was being adopted in and applied to garden art and garden culture in the early modern period. This development was deeply embedded in the philosophical, religious, political, cultural and social contexts, running parallel to the beginning of processes of scientization so characteristic for modern European history. This volume strikingly shows how these various developments are intertwined in gardens for various purposes.

An Introduction to the KIHZ Project The description of the climate system and the quantification of its natural variability and dynamics is essential to assess an ongoing anthropogenic cli­ mate change and to validate climate and biogeochemical models to allow for reliable projections into the future. Because the spatio-temporal coverage of direct meteorological observations is rather limited, high-resolution and ab­ solutely dated climate archives represent the only key to a quantification of seasonal to millenial climate variations in the past. Furthermore, climate mod­ els provide insights into the major processes and causes relevant for climate variability on these time scales. Both approaches represent one side of the same medal, however melting both sides down to one combined effort is often hampered by obstacles defined by the different nature of the approaches. For instance, General Circulation Models (GCMs) per se deal with spatially resolved data representing real climate variables in the model world (such as temperature or precipitation) with each model run reflecting one possible realization of climate history under given boundary conditions. In contrast, the records of natural climate archives are influenced by climate variations as they took place in reality, however, are often representative of local climate conditions only. Moreover, the climate information deduced from natural archives is in nearly all cases based on climate proxies, whose relationship to real climate variables, the so called transfer function, has to be established beforehand.

An Introduction to the KIHZ Project The description of the climate system and the quantification of its natural variability and dynamics is essential to assess an ongoing anthropogenic cli­ mate change and to validate climate and biogeochemical models to allow for reliable projections into the future. Because the spatio-temporal coverage of direct meteorological observations is rather limited, high-resolution and ab­ solutely dated climate archives represent the only key to a quantification of seasonal to millenial climate variations in the past. Furthermore, climate mod­ els provide insights into the major processes and causes relevant for climate variability on these time scales. Both approaches represent one side of the same medal, however melting both sides down to one combined effort is often hampered by obstacles defined by the different nature of the approaches. For instance, General Circulation Models (GCMs) per se deal with spatially resolved data representing real climate variables in the model world (such as temperature or precipitation) with each model run reflecting one possible realization of climate history under given boundary conditions. In contrast, the records of natural climate archives are influenced by climate variations as they took place in reality, however, are often representative of local climate conditions only. Moreover, the climate information deduced from natural archives is in nearly all cases based on climate proxies, whose relationship to real climate variables, the so called transfer function, has to be established beforehand.

An Introduction to the KIHZ Project The description of the climate system and the quantification of its natural variability and dynamics is essential to assess an ongoing anthropogenic cli­ mate change and to validate climate and biogeochemical models to allow for reliable projections into the future. Because the spatio-temporal coverage of direct meteorological observations is rather limited, high-resolution and ab­ solutely dated climate archives represent the only key to a quantification of seasonal to millenial climate variations in the past. Furthermore, climate mod­ els provide insights into the major processes and causes relevant for climate variability on these time scales. Both approaches represent one side of the same medal, however melting both sides down to one combined effort is often hampered by obstacles defined by the different nature of the approaches. For instance, General Circulation Models (GCMs) per se deal with spatially resolved data representing real climate variables in the model world (such as temperature or precipitation) with each model run reflecting one possible realization of climate history under given boundary conditions. In contrast, the records of natural climate archives are influenced by climate variations as they took place in reality, however, are often representative of local climate conditions only. Moreover, the climate information deduced from natural archives is in nearly all cases based on climate proxies, whose relationship to real climate variables, the so called transfer function, has to be established beforehand.

Volume 18 in the CGL-Studies series, entitled "Environmental Policy and Landscape Architecture", is the result of an international symposium held in Jerusalem in March 2011 which was organised by the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute in collaboration with the Centre of Garden Art and Landscape Architecture. The symposium focused on how the many different facets of landscape architecture could help towards solving environmental problems. Sustainable Development and Landscaping, Environmental Policy and the Contribution of Landscape Architecture at a Local Level, Designing Public Open Spaces and Social Sustainability, Spatial Planning and Landscape Architecture in Israel/Palestine, and Water and Soil: Crisis and Conservation are the key chapters in this volume. The authors address a wide range of issues including the significance of religions in ideas about environmentalism in historical and current debates, how Palestinian society can meet challenges posed by the dynamic development of urban structures through capacity building in landscape architecture, and economically meaningful strategies for soil conservation in arable fields as part of agricultural sustainability in semi-arid areas. A key objective of the symposium was also to determine opportunities for cooperation in the field of environment and landscaping for Israelis, Palestinians, Muslims, Jews and Christians in a region marked by huge tension and conflicts. The authors are scholars of various disciplines such as landscape architecture, urban planning, technology assessment, philosophy of science, environmental communication and ecology, and come from Israel, Palestine, USA, Norway and Germany.

Wie kann man Zukunft aus Landschaft gestalten und welchen Beitrag kann dazu die Landschaftsarchitektur leisten? Auf diese Fragen versucht der Band eine Antwort zu geben. Bald vierzig Expertinnen und Experten entwickeln ihre Gedanken zu Stichworten wie "Fragment" und "Freiraum", "Heimat" und "Horizont", "Wald" und "Wasser". Die Idee zu dem Buch entstand in einem Gespräch mit Bernard Lassus. Sie hat Professionen der Landschaft zusammengeführt und neue Ideen produziert. Von der "Imagination" als Provokation der Landschaftsarchitektur hat man bisher wenig, von der "Fraktalen Geometrie" als Neuansatz in der Gartenkunst noch gar nichts gehört. Der Band regt zur Fortschreibung an.Mit Beiträgen von: Gerd Aufmkolk, Werner Durth, Hans Jörg Duvigneau, Johannes Dziadek, Inken Formann, Anette Freytag, Christophe Girot, Gert Gröning, Stephanie Hennecke, Almut Jirku, Karsten Jørgensen, Peter Kees, Albert Kirchengast, Kaspar Klaffke, Thomas Kluge, Reinhard Komar, Stephanie Krebs, Hansjörg Küster, Bernard Lassus, Elisabeth Merk, Sarah Michaelis, Günter Nagel, Bettina Oppermann, Cord Panning, Martin Prominski, Florian Rüger, Sören Schöbel-Rutschmann, Hille von Seggern, Christiane Sörensen, Johannes Stoffler, Sigrid Thielking, Donata Valentien, Udo Weilacher, James L. Wescoat Jr., Sophie Wolfrum, Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, Brigitte Wormbs, Gesa Ziemer

Die Herrenhäuser Hofgärtner Johann Christoph Wendland (1755-1828), Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1792-1869) und Hermann Wendland (1823-1903) waren über ein Jahrhundert für den Berggarten zuständig. Sie entwickelten ihn zu einem Botanischen Garten von internationalem Niveau, der in Bezug auf einzelne Pflanzenarten mit Kew Gardens durchaus ebenbürtig war. Reisen innerhalb Europas und nach Übersee, auf denen Pflanzen gesammelt werden konnten, spielten beim Aufbau und der Entwicklung des Pflanzenbestandes eine herausragende Rolle. Eine dieser Reisen führte Heinrich Ludolph Wendland im Jahr 1820 durch verschiedene deutsche Staaten nach Österreich und in die Schweiz. Hauptziele der Reise waren der Kontakt zu anderen Fachleuten wie Botanikern, Pflanzenhändlern und Gartenkünstlern und das Sammeln alpiner Pflanzen, um die Pflanzensammlungen des Berggartens entsprechend bereichern zu können.Seine mehrmonatige Reise hielt Heinrich Ludolph Wendland in einem mehr als 100 Seiten umfassenden Reisetagebuch fest. Solche Reiseberichte und Reisetagebücher sind für die gartenhistorische Forschung Quellen von herausragender Bedeutung. Dieses Dokument stellt wichtige Informationen zur Geschichte des Gartenbaus und der Botanik zur Verfügung, erweitert das Verständnis um die historische Entwicklung der Pflanzenbestände des Berggartens und liefert darüber hinaus am Beispiel eines Hofgärtners faszinierende Einblicke in die Sozial- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts. Dank der finanziellen Förderung durch die VGH-Stiftung konnte das Reisetagebuch von Heinrich Ludolph Wendland, das in der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek aufbewahrt wird, transkribiert und mit zwei einführenden Beiträgen als Band 23 der CGL-Studies veröffentlicht werden.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), Philosoph, Mathematiker, Historiker und Diplomat, verbrachte die letzten vierzig Jahre seines Lebens in Hannover. Wegen dieser herausragenden Bedeutung für die Stadt wurde an der Leibniz Universität Hannover von 2010 bis 2017 eine Leibniz-Stiftungsprofessur eingerichtet, deren Aufgabe es war, Werk und Wirken von Leibniz zu erforschen und einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln.In Kooperation der Leibnizstiftungsprofessur mit dem Zentrum für Gartenkunst und Landschaftsarchitektur (CGL) der Leibniz Universität Hannover und den Freunden der Herrenhäuser Gärten e.V. fand am 3. November 2016 eine Matinee "Leibniz – Garten – Landschaft" statt. Dies war international vermutlich die erste Veranstaltung, die explizit dem Themenfeld Gärten, Garten- und Landschaftskultur im Zusammenhang mit Leibniz'' Leben und Werk gewidmet war. Die Matinee führte Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen unterschiedlicher Disziplinen zusammen: der Philosophie und Geschichte, der Baugeschichte und Geologie, der Literaturwissenschaft und Landschaftsarchitektur sowie der Geschichte der Gartenkunst und -kultur.Mit dem Band 7 der "Herrenhäuser Schriften" sollen die Vorträge der Matinee wiederum einer interessierten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht werden, ergänzt durch drei weitere Beiträge aus dem in der Matinee angesprochenen Spektrum. Die Themen reichen dabei von Leibniz'' eigenem Garten in Hannover, seinen Reisen durch den Harz und seiner Auseinandersetzung mit der dortigen ''industriellen'' Landschaft bis hin zu Leibniz und China sowie zur Frage, ob Leibniz inspirierend sein kann für die moderne Landschaftsarchitektur.