James Glimm - Böcker

Describes fifteen years' work which has led to the construc-tion of solutions to non-linear relativistic local field e-quations in 2 and 3 space-time dimensions. Gives proof ofthe existence theorem in 2 dimensions and describes manyproperties of the solutions.

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 q>,' quantum field model in the single-phase regions: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents. . . . 341 Remark on the existence of q>:. . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . • . 345 On the approach to the critical point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Critical exponents and elementary particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 V Particle Structure Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 The entropy principle for vertex functions in quantum field models. . . . . 372 Three-particle structure of q>4 interactions and the scaling limit . . . . . . . . . 397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Particles and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 The resummation of one particle lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 The coupling constant in a q>4 field theory. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Charges, vortices and confinement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 ix VIII Reflection Positivity Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 A note on reflection positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 x Introduction This volume contains a selection of expository articles on quantum field theory and statistical mechanics by James Glimm and Arthur Jaffe. They include a solution of the original interacting quantum field equations and a description of the physics which these equations contain. Quantum fields were proposed in the late 1920s as the natural framework which combines quantum theory with relativ­ ity. They have survived ever since.

Bibliograpby ...325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models ...326 lp,' quantum fieId model in the single-phase regioni: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents ...341 Remark on the existence of lp:...345 On the approach to the critical point ...348 Critical exponents and elementary partic1es ...362 V Particle Structure Introduction...371 Bibliography ...371 The entropy principle for vertex funetions in quantum fieId models ...372 Three-partic1e structure of lp' interactions and the sealing limit ...397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models ...409 Partic1es and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models ...437 The resununation of one particIe lines...450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction...479 Bibliography ...479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings ...480 The coupling constant in a lp' field theory ...491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction...497 Bibliography ...497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas ...498 Charges, vortiees and confinement...516 vi VIII ReOectioD Positivity Introduction...531 Bibliography ...531 A note on reflection positivity ...532 vii Collected Papers - Volume 1 Introduction...1 Bibliography ...5 I Infinite Renormalization of the Hamiltonian Is Necessary 9 II Quantum Field Theory Models: Parti. The ep;" Model 13 Introduction...13 Fock space...17 Q space...28 The Hamiltonian H(g)...39 Removing the space cutoff...50 Lorentz covariance and the Haag-Kastler axioms...61 Part II. The Yukawa Model 71 Preliminaries ...72 First and second order estimates ...86 Resolvent convergence and self adjointness ...98 The Heisenberg picture ..." ...

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 q>/ quantum field model in the single-phase regions: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents. . . . 341 Remark on the existence of q>. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 On the approach to the critical point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Critical exponents and elementary particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 V Particle Structure Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 The entropy principle for vertex functions in quantum field models . . . . . 372 Three-particle structure of q>4 interactions and the scaling limit . . . . . . . . . 397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Particles and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 The resummation of one particle lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 The coupling constant in a q>4 field theory. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Charges, vortices and confinement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 vi VIII Reflection Positivity Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 A note on reflection positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 vii Collected Papers - Volume 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 I Inimite Reoormalization of the Hamiltonian Is Necessary 9 II Quantum Field Theory Models: Part I. The cp~ Model 13 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fock space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Qspace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 The Hamiltonian H(g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 39 Removing the space cutoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lorentz covariance and the Haag-Kastler axioms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Part II. The Yukawa Model 71 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 First and second order estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Resolvent convergence and self adjointness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 The Heisenberg picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This volume contains a selection of expository articles on quantum field theory and statistical mechanics by James Glimm and Arthur Jaffe. They include a solution of the original interacting quantum field equations and a description of the physics which these equations contain. Quantum fields were proposed in the late 1920s as the natural framework which combines quantum theory with relativ­ ity. They have survived ever since. The mathematical description for quantum theory starts with a Hilbert space H of state vectors. Quantum fields are linear operators on this space, which satisfy nonlinear wave equations of fundamental physics, including coupled Dirac, Max­ well and Yang-Mills equations. The field operators are restricted to satisfy a "locality" requirement that they commute (or anti-commute in the case of fer­ mions) at space-like separated points. This condition is compatible with finite propagation speed, and hence with special relativity. Asymptotically, these fields converge for large time to linear fields describing free particles. Using these ideas a scattering theory had been developed, based on the existence of local quantum fields.

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 q>,' quantum field model in the single-phase regions: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents. . . . 341 Remark on the existence of q>:. . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . • . 345 On the approach to the critical point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Critical exponents and elementary particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 V Particle Structure Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 The entropy principle for vertex functions in quantum field models. . . . . 372 Three-particle structure of q>4 interactions and the scaling limit . . . . . . . . . 397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Particles and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 The resummation of one particle lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 The coupling constant in a q>4 field theory. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Charges, vortices and confinement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 ix VIII Reflection Positivity Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 A note on reflection positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 x Introduction This volume contains a selection of expository articles on quantum field theory and statistical mechanics by James Glimm and Arthur Jaffe. They include a solution of the original interacting quantum field equations and a description of the physics which these equations contain. Quantum fields were proposed in the late 1920s as the natural framework which combines quantum theory with relativ­ ity. They have survived ever since.

Bibliograpby ...325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models ...326 lp,' quantum fieId model in the single-phase regioni: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents ...341 Remark on the existence of lp:...345 On the approach to the critical point ...348 Critical exponents and elementary partic1es ...362 V Particle Structure Introduction...371 Bibliography ...371 The entropy principle for vertex funetions in quantum fieId models ...372 Three-partic1e structure of lp' interactions and the sealing limit ...397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models ...409 Partic1es and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models ...437 The resununation of one particIe lines...450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction...479 Bibliography ...479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings ...480 The coupling constant in a lp' field theory ...491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction...497 Bibliography ...497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas ...498 Charges, vortiees and confinement...516 vi VIII ReOectioD Positivity Introduction...531 Bibliography ...531 A note on reflection positivity ...532 vii Collected Papers - Volume 1 Introduction...1 Bibliography ...5 I Infinite Renormalization of the Hamiltonian Is Necessary 9 II Quantum Field Theory Models: Parti. The ep;" Model 13 Introduction...13 Fock space...17 Q space...28 The Hamiltonian H(g)...39 Removing the space cutoff...50 Lorentz covariance and the Haag-Kastler axioms...61 Part II. The Yukawa Model 71 Preliminaries ...72 First and second order estimates ...86 Resolvent convergence and self adjointness ...98 The Heisenberg picture ..." ...

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Critical point dominance in quantum field models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 q>/ quantum field model in the single-phase regions: Differentiability of the mass and bounds on critical exponents. . . . 341 Remark on the existence of q>. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 On the approach to the critical point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Critical exponents and elementary particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 V Particle Structure Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 The entropy principle for vertex functions in quantum field models . . . . . 372 Three-particle structure of q>4 interactions and the scaling limit . . . . . . . . . 397 Two and three body equations in quantum field models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Particles and scaling for lattice fields and Ising models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 The resummation of one particle lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 VI Bounds on Coupling Constants Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Absolute bounds on vertices and couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 The coupling constant in a q>4 field theory. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 VII Confinement and Instantons Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Instantons in a U(I) lattice gauge theory: A coulomb dipole gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Charges, vortices and confinement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 vi VIII Reflection Positivity Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 A note on reflection positivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 vii Collected Papers - Volume 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 I Inimite Reoormalization of the Hamiltonian Is Necessary 9 II Quantum Field Theory Models: Part I. The cp~ Model 13 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Fock space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Qspace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 The Hamiltonian H(g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 39 Removing the space cutoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lorentz covariance and the Haag-Kastler axioms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Part II. The Yukawa Model 71 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 First and second order estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Resolvent convergence and self adjointness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 The Heisenberg picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications MULTIDIMENSIONAL HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS AND COMPUTATIONS is based on the proceedings of a workshop which was an integral part ofthe 1988-89 IMA program on NONLINEAR WAVES. We are grateful to the Scientific Commit­ tee: James Glimm, Daniel Joseph, Barbara Keyfitz, Andrew Majda, Alan Newell, Peter Olver, David Sattinger and David Schaeffer for planning and implementing an exciting and stimulating year-long program. We especially thank the Work­ shop Organizers, Andrew Majda and James Glimm, for bringing together many of the major figures in a variety of research fields connected with multidimensional hyperbolic problems. A vner Friedman Willard Miller PREFACE A primary goal of the IMA workshop on Multidimensional Hyperbolic Problems and Computations from April 3-14, 1989 was to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary research in this field involving the combination of ideas from the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations, asymptotic methods, numerical computation, and experiments. The twenty-six papers in this volume span a wide cross-section of this research including some papers on the kinetic theory of gases and vortex sheets for incompressible flow in addition to many papers on systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. This volume includes several papers on asymptotic methods such as nonlinear geometric optics, a number of articles applying numerical algorithms such as higher order Godunov methods and front­ tracking to physical problems along with comparison to experimental data, and also several interesting papers on the rigorous mathematical theory of shock waves.

The intellectual center of this proceedings volume is the subject of conservation laws. Conservation laws are the most basic model of many continuum processes, and for this reason they govern the motion of fluids, solids, and plasma. They are basic to the understanding of more complex modeling issues, such as multiphase flow, chemically reacting flow, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Equations of this type also arise in novel and unexpected areas, such as the pattern recognition and image processing problem of edge enhancement and detection. The articles in this volume address the entire range of the study of conservation laws, including the fundamental mathematical theory, familiar and novel applications, and the numerical problem of finding effective computational algorithms for the solution of these problems.