Jean B. Lasserre - Böcker

This book provides a unified, comprehensive treatment of some recent theoretical developments on Markov control processes. Interest is mainly confined to MCPs with Borel state and control spaces, and possibly unbounded costs and non-compact control constraint sets. The control model studied is sufficiently general to include virtually all the usual discrete-time stochastic control models that appear in applications to engineering, economics, mathematical population processes, operations research, and management science. Much of the material appears for the first time in book form.

This book is devoted to a systematic exposition of some recent developments in the theory of discrete-time Markov control processes. Interest is mainly confined to MCPs with Borel state and control spaces, and possibly unbounded costs. The book follows on from the authors earlier volume in this area, however, an important feature of the present volume is that it is essentially self-contained and can be read independently of the first volume, because although both volumes deal with similar classes of markov control processes the assumptions on the control models are usually different. This volume allows cost functions to take positive or negative values, as needed in some applications. The control model studied is sufficiently general to include virtually all the usual discrete-time stochastic control models that appear in applications to engineering, economics, mathematical population processes, operations research, and management science.

This book presents the second part of a two-volume series devoted to a sys­ tematic exposition of some recent developments in the theory of discrete­ time Markov control processes (MCPs). As in the first part, hereafter re­ ferred to as "Volume I" (see Hernandez-Lerma and Lasserre [1]), interest is mainly confined to MCPs with Borel state and control spaces, and possibly unbounded costs. However, an important feature of the present volume is that it is essentially self-contained and can be read independently of Volume I. The reason for this independence is that even though both volumes deal with similar classes of MCPs, the assumptions on the control models are usually different. For instance, Volume I deals only with nonnegative cost­ per-stage functions, whereas in the present volume we allow cost functions to take positive or negative values, as needed in some applications. Thus, many results in Volume Ion, say, discounted or average cost problems are not applicable to the models considered here. On the other hand, we now consider control models that typically re­ quire more restrictive classes of control-constraint sets and/or transition laws. This loss of generality is, of course, deliberate because it allows us to obtain more "precise" results. For example, in a very general context, in §4.

This book presents the first part of a planned two-volume series devoted to a systematic exposition of some recent developments in the theory of discrete-time Markov control processes (MCPs). Interest is mainly confined to MCPs with Borel state and control (or action) spaces, and possibly unbounded costs and noncompact control constraint sets. MCPs are a class of stochastic control problems, also known as Markov decision processes, controlled Markov processes, or stochastic dynamic pro­ grams; sometimes, particularly when the state space is a countable set, they are also called Markov decision (or controlled Markov) chains. Regardless of the name used, MCPs appear in many fields, for example, engineering, economics, operations research, statistics, renewable and nonrenewable re­ source management, (control of) epidemics, etc. However, most of the lit­ erature (say, at least 90%) is concentrated on MCPs for which (a) the state space is a countable set, and/or (b) the costs-per-stage are bounded, and/or (c) the control constraint sets are compact. But curiously enough, the most widely used control model in engineering and economics--namely the LQ (Linear system/Quadratic cost) model-satisfies none of these conditions. Moreover, when dealing with "partially observable" systems) a standard approach is to transform them into equivalent "completely observable" sys­ tems in a larger state space (in fact, a space of probability measures), which is uncountable even if the original state process is finite-valued.

Semidefinite and conic optimization is a major and thriving research area within the optimization community. Although semidefinite optimization has been studied (under different names) since at least the 1940s, its importance grew immensely during the 1990s after polynomial-time interior-point methods for linear optimization were extended to solve semidefinite optimization problems. Since the beginning of the 21st century, not only has research into semidefinite and conic optimization continued unabated, but also a fruitful interaction has developed with algebraic geometry through the close connections between semidefinite matrices and polynomial optimization. This has brought about important new results and led to an even higher level of research activity. This Handbook on Semidefinite, Conic and Polynomial Optimization provides the reader with a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in the growing and mutually enriching areas of semidefinite optimization, conic optimization, and polynomial optimization. It contains a compendium of the recent research activity that has taken place in these thrilling areas, and will appeal to doctoral students, young graduates, and experienced researchers alike. The Handbook’s thirty-one chapters are organized into four parts:Theory, covering significant theoretical developments as well as the interactions between conic optimization and polynomial optimization;Algorithms, documenting the directions of current algorithmic development;Software, providing an overview of the state-of-the-art;Applications, dealing with the application areas where semidefinite and conic optimization has made a significant impact in recent years.

This Handbook on Semidefinite, Conic and Polynomial Optimization provides the reader with a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in the growing and mutually enriching areas of semidefinite optimization, conic optimization, and polynomial optimization.

The theory of optimization, understood in a broad sense, is the basis of modern applied mathematics, covering a large spectrum of topics from theoretical considerations (structure, stability) to applied operational research and engineering applications. The compiled material of this book puts on display this versatility, by exhibiting the three parallel and complementary components of optimization: theory, algorithms, and practical problems.The book contains an expanded version of three series of lectures delivered by the authors at the CRM in July 2009. The first part is a self-contained course on the general moment problem and its relations with semidefinite programming. The second part is dedicated to the problem of determination of Nash equilibria from an algorithmic viewpoint. The last part presents congestion models for traffic networks and develops modern optimization techniques for finding traffic equilibria based on stochastic optimization and game theory.

This book is about discrete-time, time-homogeneous, Markov chains (Mes) and their ergodic behavior. To this end, most of the material is in fact about stable Mes, by which we mean Mes that admit an invariant probability measure. To state this more precisely and give an overview of the questions we shall be dealing with, we will first introduce some notation and terminology. Let (X,B) be a measurable space, and consider a X-valued Markov chain ~. = {~k' k = 0, 1, ... } with transition probability function (t.pJ.) P(x, B), i.e., P(x, B) := Prob (~k+1 E B I ~k = x) for each x E X, B E B, and k = 0,1, .... The Me ~. is said to be stable if there exists a probability measure (p.m.) /.l on B such that (*) VB EB. /.l(B) = Ix /.l(dx) P(x, B) If (*) holds then /.l is called an invariant p.m. for the Me ~. (or the t.p.f. P).